The document discusses IBM's involvement with open source software over time, from early contributions to Linux and Apache projects in the late 1990s and 2000s to current strategies. It provides examples of key open source projects IBM has led or contributed to substantially, such as Eclipse, Linux, Apache Web server, and POWER architecture. The document also outlines the benefits of open source development practices like transparency, peer review, and scalability.

1. Open Source 2.0
Da adolescência para o mundo dos negócios
II Encontro de SL de Pernambuco
Recife, 23 de abril de 2008
Cezar Taurion
Gerente de Novas Tecnologias Aplicadas
Iniciativas Estratégicas IBM Brasil/Open Source Evangelist
ctaurion@br.ibm.com
www.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/page/ctaurion

2. Era uma vez...
Kernel de sistema operacional baseado no MINIX, desenvolvido originalmente
•
por Linus Torvalds, aluno da Universidade de Helsinki (Finlândia) em meados de 1991.
•
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3. Comprometimento da IBM com Linux e Open Source
Nossa Estratégia Linux: Como e quando
começou?
Jikes (1998)
Relatório apresentado ao
Corporate Technology Council,
março de 1999
Marco na indústria: anúncio no
Linux World 2001 (1 bilhão de
US$ nos próximos 3 anos)...
Diversas Iniciativas Importantes: Eclipse,
Apache, Cloudscape, Gluecode…
Doação de 500 Patentes de Software : “it is
hoped that other patent holders will join
IBM in establishing a patent commons for the
benefit of OSS and to encourage innovation.”
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4. Power.org: Collaboration around open POWER platform
has led to exciting innovations
12/2004: IBM revolutionized the industry
and “opened up” the POWER hardware
platform with Power.org. Later, IBM, Sony
and Toshiba also collaborated on the Cell
Broadband Engine processor
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5. Nossa história no mundo Linux e Open Source...
2004-2006
1999 / 2000 2001 2002 2003
IBM and Novell/SuSE achieve
IBM forms Linux Linux contributions Linux contributions IBM and SuSE
EAL4+ and COE compliance
Technology Center to networking, to scalability (8- achieve EAL2+
serviceability, way+), reliability Common Criteria Eclipse becomes independent org –
Leads Apache performance (stress testing, security cert IBM contributes UML2, Web Tools,
projects Xerces defect mgmt, doc) Voice Tools
(XML4J), Xalan, Mods to Apache Leads Apache
SOAP 2.0 HTTP server Leads Apache Web projects Pluto Globus Toolkit 4 is WS-I compliant
Services projects (Portlet API) and
Creates OSI- Pledged 500 Patents to Open
Founder of WSIF and WSIL WSRP4J (Remote
approved IBM Source
Eclipse.org – Portal)
Public License contributing Leads Eclipse
Partner with Zend PHP
projects GEF Leads Eclipse
Platform
Strategic (editing), EMF projects Hyades IBM enhances Apache partnership
participation in Common Public (modeling), XSD (testing), Visual - Contributes Derby database
Mozilla License approved Editor, AspectJ,
(XML Schema)
- Helps Derby graduate from
– used by Eclipse Equinox rich client
IBM becomes IBM contributes incubation
founding member Creates internal eServer support for Globus Toolkit 3 - Contributes voice recognition
of OSDL bazaar using OSS Globus Toolkit 2x contributions for - Supports Geronimo J2EE project
methodology OGSA, OGSI - Acquires Gluecode for skills
Firefox accessibility contribution
Aperi project founding member
Open AJAX initiative
IBM contributes to 150+
More than 1000 developers IBM leads 80+ OSS projects
OSS projects
involved in OSS projects
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6. Linux Technology Center
IBM Linux Technology Center (LTC)
Development team for all server and
software platforms and other key
initiatives, such as:
•Real Time Linux
•Security: EAL certifications,
Trusted Computing, SELinux, sHype
•Linux on POWER, Linux on Cell,
Linux for System z and z/VM
•Virtualization: Xen/KVM,
LTC:
APV support
Over 600 developers
•Systems Management: kdump,
40+ locations Enable IBM
SystemTap Products
100+ projects
Technical liaison to IBM's customers
Make Linux Expand Linux
and Linux Distribution Partners Better Reach
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7. Mas, o que é Open Source?
Inovação do processo
de desenvolvimento
Open Source
Modelos de negócios
“I think Linus’s cleverest and most consequential hack was not
the construction of the Linux kernel itself, but rather his
invention of the Linux development model”.
Eric Raymond, “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”
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8. Desenvolvimento colaborativo: o fenômeno
Wikipedia (//en.wikipedia.org)
Imaginem um projeto com as
seguintes características:
Aglutinar todo conhecimento
humano
Autoria colaborativa
Dezenas de línguas (+2.331.000
verbetes em inglês e + 271.000
em português)
Manter histórico das
atualizações, acesso rápido,
flexível nas atualizações e
inserções de verbetes (1500
verbetes por dia), alta demanda
(um dos dez sites mais
visitados)
Como gerenciar este projeto na
forma tradicional?
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9. Desenvolvimento Colaborativo
Gênesis
Primeiros
contribuidores
Primeira
versão Cria-se comunidade
Governança formal
Modelo Bazaar
Processos de revisão
Versão
estável Mais contribuidores
Divergências de
direcionamento
Liderança
reconhecida
Split off para novo
Novas Versão
Variantes projeto
features terminal
Variantes podem
Comunidade desiste de
continuar
evoluir o software
evoluindo
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10. Estudo de caso: Comparando Processo de Desenvolvimento entre
sistema proprietário e Linux
Requirement
Analysis
al
m
or
Design
F
ot
N
Implementation
Integration
Testing
Release
Post delivery
management
Proprietário: Design oriented
Open Source: Implementation oriented engineering
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11. Características do desenvolvimento colaborativo
Transparency
Peer review
No Over-engineering Short feedback loop
Recorded-data High modularity and reuse
Distributed community User-developers
Scalable division of labor
Prior-art use
Web Infrastructure
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13. Open Source: Desenvolvimento Colaborativo
Exemplo do Kernel 2.6.24
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14. Open Source: Desenvolvimento Colaborativo
Exemplo do Kernel 2.6.24
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15. Open Source: Desenvolvimento Colaborativo
IBM Linux Technology Center
$50M/yr IBM Unique
Non-IBM IBM
$50M/yr Common
Commercial
$100M/yr Total
One fifth of the cost of an
independent IBM approach
Non-IBM Commercial Linux Development Expenses
(e.g. Intel, Nokia, Hitachi, etc.)
$450M – 700M Company Unique
$450M – 700M Common
$900M – 1,400M Total
Source: IBM figures: IBM Software Group; External figures: Open Source Development Laboratory
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16. Apache HTTPD
Release Process
Submit Bug &
Determine Features
Users Enhancement Alpha Testing
Of New Release
Reports
Proposed
Features Alpha Build
Program
Problem Reports Developers
Management
In Bugzilla
Committee Vote on
New Features
Developers
Beta Testing
Decide on and code
Proposed
Bugs or Enhancements Requirements
Beta Build
Develop New
Patches Developers
Release
Release
Final Testing
Manager
On Their own
Decision Developer
Server
To Commit Distribution
Source Code
Committers Release
General
Manager
Patches Released
Availability
Final Decision
On what goes in
Vote on Patches Revoked?
Diagram from Michele Rousseau of UCI
Source Code
Patches
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17. Quais são nossos objetivos com Open Source?
1. Inovação: Incrementar e explorar o
“caldo cultural” de inovação nas
comunidades (inteligência coletiva)
Embed Layer Extend
2. Contribuição: Ser um player estratégico
perante as comunidades open source, Enhance
Integrate
Support
tanto como contribuidor como
Community Innovation
consumidor de tecnologia
Contribute
3. Otimizar: Capturar e transformar
Participate .. Donate ...Sponsor..
inovações open source em valor para
nossos clientes
4. Crescer: Alavancar open source para
obter novos usuários, entrar em novos
mercados e expandir oportunidades de
negócio
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18. Ecossistema Open Source na IBM…
Web Application
Software
Servers
Initiative Areas
Development
Open Source
DP WA
Communities
al S SN
io n D
at
Open Source Projects
WA
R e
Elit SC
se rt o
Edi mmun
e
ip
Open Source based
Ecl uppo
tim
tion
Offerings it y
S
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me
Ge
tor
Om Edi
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Tus onimo
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ip s
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us
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Ser IBM MG
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IB
Hardware Platforms s Grid Offerings
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19. Software Development and Client Collaboration: Eclipse
started as a development IDE but has become a leading cross-
platform client runtime environment with Eclipse RCP
Companies “Eat their own
Cooking” (including IBM
Software Group)
140+ Members
~2.5M Java IDE
Users (market
Eclipse becomes independent entity
leading)
Eclipse project launched 70
Members
Eclipse Rel
Eclipse Rel Eclipse Rel
8
3.0
1.0 2.0
Members
2004
2001
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20. Linux em Real Time
Challenge
Build a Real Time Linux Operating System that would
DDG 1000
compliment the RT Java to meet the performance
demands of the DDG-1000 program while working with Zumwalt Class
the Linux Community to mainline the enhancements.
Key Benefits
Open Source Solution that is on track to be adopted by the Linux Mainline
Open Real Time Stack: RT Linux- RTSJ & RT GC RT Java- x86 Blades
Reduced Risk and Reduced Total Cost of Ownership
Solution
Real Time Linux – Led by the IBM Linux Technology Center and built on the work
of Red Hat and Open Source Community
IBM System x and BladeCenter based solution
Fully preemptive kernel, reducing critical path latencies
Priority inheritance enabled kernel and userspace locking
* http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories.pl?ACCT=149999&TICK=RTN&STORY=/www/story/02-06-2007/0004521277&EDATE=Feb+6,+2007
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21. Impacto do Open Source na indústria de software
Obsolescência do produto
Disponibilidade do produto
Surge equivalente Open Source
Receita sem Open Source
Receita
Receita com Open Source
Pesquisa
Custos/investimentos
Desenvolvimento
Testes alfa/beta
Produção
Manutenção/atualizações
Vendas, marketing e suporte
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22. It’s not “proprietary or open,” it’s “and”
Proprietary Open
Innovation Innovation
Collaboration
Advantages: Advantages:
Product / offering Cost / value scale
uniqueness Option value / scope
Speed-to-Market
Differentiation Standardization
IBM
Leadership
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23. Coexistência dos modelos de negócio baseados em open source e
softwares proprietários : a indústria e o mercado estão buscando o
ponto de equilíbrio...
Direção da
Indústria e mercado
Totalmente Totalmente
Open Proprietário
Onde se posicionar?
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24. The mix will change over time…
This can as well, but
Proprietary,
requires innovation
differentiated
As this gets bigger
Open,
standardized
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25. Open Source : ciclo de maturidade e adoção
Maduro
Web Servers
Operating
Web Systems
Browsers
Development
Maturidade crescente
Client Collaboration Tools
Application
Services Servers
Enterprise Search Databases
Systems
Management
Grid / OGF
SOA
Open Hardware
Emergente
Adoção pelo mercado
Fonte: IBM, Fevereiro 2008
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26. Modelos de negócio de Open Source
IBM Non-IBM
Community
Patronage
Open
Strategy
Subscription Layering
Strategy Strategy
Open Source
Extend and
Embedded Consulting Development
Enhance
Vendor
Strategy Strategy
Strategy
Open Source
App Server
Tools, Server
Vendor
Vendors
Community
Proprietary
Search Open Source
Hosted Dual License Optimization Proprietary
Vendor DB Vendor Database
Strategy Strategy Strategy Vendor
Cost Reduction Direct Revenue Influenced Revenue
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27. Open Source gera Dinheiro!!!
Ecosistema Open Source e LInux
1. Segundo IDC o ecossistema Linux (hardware, software e serviços)
totalizou US$ 21 bilhões em 2007 e deverá crescer até US$ 49
bilhões em 2011.
2. “The Linux ecosystem has strong long-term prospects, with the
overall ecosystem spend projected to increase from $21 billion in
2007 to $49 billion 2011. The shifts highlighted in this paper will
help drive that trend forward at healhty rate, as users incresingly
use Linux as key business solution for today’s IT challenges”
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28. Open Source abre novos mercados, antes inatingíveis…
Open Source permite a indústria de software entrar no mercado “Long Tail”,
inacessível antes devido ao custo de produção, distribuição/comercialização,
manutenção...
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29. O contexto da evolução da internet
Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3D
Acesso Busca Co-Criação
Participar Colaborar
Conteúdo
Páginas Ambiente altamente
Usuários gerando
informativas com social, criado pelo
conteúdo, blogs,
texto e gráficos usuário
wikis, mashups
visando compartilhar
Desenvolvimento de
Negócios
Comunicação, RH, Colaboração, Produtos/ Serviços,
Compras, Treinamento , Otimização do
Marketing, Marketing Trabalho, Educação,
Treinamento
Comunidades
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30. O que é a Web 2.0?
Web 2.0 is a set of economic,
social, and technology trends
Social
Economic that collectively form the basis
for the next generation of the
Web 2.0 Internet - a more mature,
distinctive medium
characterized by user
participation, openness, and
network effects.
Technology
Source: Web 2.0 Best Practices and
Principles, O’Reilly Radar
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31. Web 2.0 : Internet como “The Platform”
Techniques:
Tools: RSS, Standards: REST,
Mash-up, wiki,
AJAX, PHP, XHTML
tagging, blogging
Ruby
The Web
Light-weight Rich user
as
programming experiences
models
“The Platform”
Small pieces
Software that gets
loosely joined, or
better as more
“re-mixed”
people use it
Services, not Harnessing
Architectural
packaged collective
participation
software intelligence
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32. Wired Magazine: Open Source Software Made Developers Cool.
Now It Can make Them Rich.
1. Em 2007, cerca de 30 companhias
Open Source foram compradas por
um valor acumulado de mais de um
bilhão de dólares. O dobro do que
ocorreu em 2005.
2. Em 2008 as coisas começam
aquecidas…MySQL pela Sun,
EnterpriseDB por varios investidores,
incluindo IBM, Nokia pagando 153
milhões de dólares pela TrollTech…
3. “I think the software-licence business
model is archaic…I wouldn’t fund a
company with that model, and I don’t
think anyone else would., either.”.
Frase de Kevin Harvey, VC da
Benchmark Capital, que recentemente
investiu no MySQL e na Zimbra (que
depois foi adquirida pela Yahoo por
350 milhões de dólares)…
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33. Open Source: oportunidades inovadoras!
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34. Open Source é Estratégia de Negócios na IBM
“Open source is a method of tapping a community of experts to develop
useful things. It began in software, but applies broadly, and is anything but
anti-capitalist. It can raise quality at reduced costs, and vastly expands
opportunities for profit. In a sense, open source fuels innovation much
the way science fuels technology. Science is created by communities of
experts, whose fundamental discoveries are typically made available to all,
including individuals and companies that are able to capitalize on the new
knowledge in novel ways. For IBM, the open-source model is familiar territory,
given our long track record in the sciences.”
Sam Palmisano, President and CEO, IBM
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35. Comentário final…
After hearing IBM discuss open source at an event, one
analyst recently remarked that “twenty years from now,
when MBA types look back on the rise of open source
software and ponder retrospectively its impact on the
technology industry, I’d be willing to bid a tidy sum that
IBM will be one of the first and most important case
studies they read”
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36. Obrigado pelo interesse
e atenção
Cezar Taurion
Open Source Evangelist
ctaurion@br.ibm.com
Visitem meu blog em:
www.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/page/ctaurion