Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden

1/6/2013

Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden
Vines & Climbers for
Classic Gardens

C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake
CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve

Madrona Marsh Preserve
Gardening with Western L.A. County Native Plants January 2 & 5, 2010
Project SOUND - 2010
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND

What is it about a grandmother’s garden? Many of our grandmothers (or great-grandmothers)
planned their gardens between 1900 & 1930’s

http://goldenagegardens.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.html

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If this is your Grandmother’s Garden then Edwardian Gardens were very much a
you’ll have to wait… revolt against the Victorian style

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3002/2930975253_e3036b0a45.jpg?v=0
Victorian Style Garden
© Project SOUND
Edwardian Style Garden © Project SOUND
http://imagecache5.art.com/p/LRG/16/1647/9PEGD00Z/t-chiu-victorian-garden.jpg

The roots of Edwardian Gardens were in the country This period had many
things in common with ours
 Natural open spaces (‘The
Country’) were becoming rare –
and were recalled nostalgically
 Gardeners wanted an informal
‘natural look’ for their gardens –
many used ‘old-fashioned’ native
plants, often exuberantly
 Leisure time was treasured – and
there wasn’t enough of it
 People loved to do as much as
possible outdoors
 City gardeners had to contend
with ‘less than perfect’ views
 Irrigation systems often
consisted of a hose & spigot
http://goldenagegardens.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.html http://goldenagegardens.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.html


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…and their Edwardian Gardens, which can suggest
In short, we can easily relate to the Edwardian Gardener
ideas for our own (2010) gardens

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Edwardian_garden_(horizontal).jpg

One of the first things we The appropriate use of vertical space was
notice is a good use of a key element of Edwardian gardens
vertical space
 Low height (foreground)
 Grass
 Groundcover plants
 Non-living groundcover

 Mid-height (middle ground)
 Shrubs & sub-shrubs
 Hardscape elements (benches, http://www.bargatepublications.co.uk/talks/5006.jpg

pots, etc)

 Taller height (background)
 Trees & large shrubs
 Climbers and the supports for
them (arches, trellises, etc.)
http://www.stmarysbramber.co.uk/images/rose_garden.JPG

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1/6/2013

Grape & rose arbors
Edwardian gardens used vines & climbers were popular features in
 When planting vines for height, they
will need something to climb up.
Edwardian gardens
 Options are endless. Arbors,  Follow Mother Nature;
trellises and obelisks are built in informal, ‘natural’ style for
several sizes and from many sorts of restful urban gardens
materials.
 Natural materials, such as grapevine,  Create pleasing places for
bamboo and willow, work well for the outdoor living
informal garden.  Shady and sunny places
 Places to sit/dine/etc.

 Use native plants creatively
– they are pretty, ‘old
fashioned’ and don’t require
as much water, care
http://www.wrcla.org/cedarprojects/planters/coveredseats.asp

Structures to support vines are  Use valuable space to the
among the easier do-it-yourself max: use fore-, mid- and
projects – and plans are available http://historichouses.wordpress.com/2008/08/01/sagtikos-manor-west-bay-shore-ny/
background-space

Our two California native grapes

Desert Wild Grape/S. CA Grape CA Grape – Vitis californica
Vitis girdiana ‘Roger’s Red’
http://thehumanfootprint.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dscn0023.jpg

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1/6/2013

Grape arbors are great because the vines
provide fairly dense shade

http://www.sundancelandscaping.com/images/projects/54ArboronDeck.jpg
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/213/513090893_5eb749323d.jpg

Structures to support
grapes (and other fast-
growing, dense woody vines)
need to be sturdy – don’t
under-build them
http://gallinacanyonranch.com/grape-arbor.jpg
http://www.garysumner.com/20718940_08.jpg

Climbers require some guidance… ‘Natural’ and ‘Maintained’ arbors were both
used by Edwardian gardeners

 The natural arbor is
permitted to grow
randomly, forming a thick
mass of canes.
 There is very little
upkeep and the vines
produce a dense shade.
 Since the vines are not
pruned annually, there
would be significantly
fewer grapes produced.
Which can be an enjoyable activity if you like the creativity http://www.suelynncotton.com/landscapes.htm


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‘Maintained’ arbors were used Once the basic structure is achieved you
by Edwardian gardeners, just maintain it
 Prune dormant vines
particularly for grapes each year

 The maintained arbor is  Remove all new growth
covered by vines which are except for spurs with
pruned to a two-bud spur- 2-3 buds
type cordon  This type of pruning
 Prune vines in Nov/Dec (or promotes a healthy
when vines are dormant) to grape crop
a single cordon (trunk).  It also:
 Each spur should be pruned  Keeps the weight down
to contain two or three  Removes dead/weak
buds. growth - rejuvenates
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/homefruit/grapearbors/grape.html
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/homefruit/grapearbors/grape.html

Where to use Other great uses for grapes….
grapes?
 Along fences, or over walls
 Where ever you’d  As a rustic groundcover;
like some shade great on slopes
http://www.mosaicartbyla.com/sitebuilder/images/front_grape_arbor2-389x284.jpg  Climbing a chain-link fence

http://wardroadgarden.blogspot.com/2008/07/grape-vines.html
http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/v7WekBeoWLAngMvxp2RHQQ
http://harrisonauth.us/


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Wood lattice - popular
Lattice screens were popular in Edwardian gardens
from 1880’s to 1930’s
 Easy to install
 Economical
 Good for narrow spaces
 Looks neat and tidy
http://www.mastergardenproducts.com/woodcare/latticepanelinstallation.htm

 Many styles available
 Can be used in many
ways
 Fences
 Free-standing screens
 Trellises to grow vines
 On arbors/garden
benches
http://jacquettamenzies.blogspot.com/2008/07/arts-and-crafts-garden.html  Etc., etc., etc.
http://www.reliablefenceboston.com/nss-folder/pictures/Image121.jpg http://www.freewoodworkingplan.com/index.php?cat=196

The many faces Vigorous native vines
of lattice to provide shade &
screen
 Grapes – Vitis species
 The Virgin’s Bowers -
http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5087563/227338-main_Full.jpg Clematis species
http://tucsonlandscaping.info/trellis
 CA Wild Rose - Rosa
californica
 Morning-glories -
Calystegia species

http://www.craftsman-style.info/garden/arbor.htm
http://cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload//9000/500/90/7/29597.jpg

http://bespokewoodcraft.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/Rustic_lattice_screens_1.36583311_large.jpg

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Island Morning-glory – Calystegia macrostegia * Pacific Morning-glory – Calystegia purpurata ssp. purpurata

© 2007 Neal Kramer


* Pacific Morning-glory – Calystegia purpurata ssp. purpurata Pacific Morning-glory – like Island species

 Coastal and foothill regions of CA  Size: slightly smaller and
– more widely distributed than C. daintier than C. macrostegia
macrostegia (coastal & Channel  6-8 ft long
Isl.)  6-8 ft wide

 Locally: Hollywood Hills, Griffith  Growth form:
Park  Half-woody vine; base is
 Grows in coastal sage scrub of woody, new growth is more
the coastline and the chaparral of herbaceous (at least to begin
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Calystegia%20purpurata
the coastal and inland valleys. with)
 Upright but sprawling habit –
in nature grows through
other shrubs or on ground

 Foliage:
 Typical, arrow-shaped leaves
 Color: medium to blue-green
© 2009 Barry Breckling
http://www.homegardenguides.com/plant-database/calystegia-purpurata-ssp-purpurata-103165.html

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1/6/2013

Love those flowers! Pacific Morning-glory does well in western
L.A. County  Soils:
 Blooms: late spring through  Texture: just about any, including
summer – just when you need a clays
little summer color!  pH: any local
 Flowers:  Light:
 Typical morning-glory shape  Full sun to part-shade (in hot,
inland gardens)
 Small – ½ to ¾ inch across
 White or pink; sometimes  Water:
purple
 Young plants: Zone 2-3
 Great for native pollinators
 Winter: only during dry spells
 Seeds: (when rains should normally
occur)
 Dark, round seeds in capsule
 Summer: occasional water (Zone 2
 Soak for 2 hr in warm water will keep it blooming)
prior to planting in fall
 Other: clean and prune to shape in
fall/winter (dormant)
© 2009 Barry Breckling
© 2007 Neal Kramer

I can see a Morning-glory in your garden ‘Bolinas’ cultivar
rivals non-native
 Along fence-lines; sprawling over
walls or fences
species
 Over a pergola or arch – wouldn’t
it be nice to sit and enjoy!
 Larger, pastel
 As an unusual flowering pink flowers
groundcover – great on N and E-
facing slopes  Delicate
stems
 Climbing through a large native
shrub  Does well in
 Climbing up a trellis – this species gardens
won’t take over!

 As an attractive & unique pot
http://queerbychoice.livejournal.com/627113.html plant
© Project SOUND http://www.calfloranursery.com/pages_plants/pages_c/calpurpurbol.html © Project SOUND

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1/6/2013

Can you relate to this photo? Many native vines like part-shade

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3625/3417180078_53e343bc10_o.jpg
http://thebirdguide.com/washington/site_guides/tualatin_hills/tualatin_hills.htm
http://www.sanfranciscodays.com/photos/large/california-redwoods.jpg © Project SOUND © Project SOUND

Plants have developed many strategies to
What makes a vine a vine?
get light when competing with other plants.

 Some grow enormously tall
 Some latch onto branches
in the canopy
 Some grow in openings.
 One group, the vines,
http://science.howstuffworks.com/cabbage-info.htm http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/Gardeners/f0132.jpg http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Magnoliophyta/Magnolio
psida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Pueraria_thunbergiana/Vine_MC_.html

scramble or twine their  Often grow in shady/part-shade areas – like forests or
way to the light using dense shrublands
larger and sturdier plants  Developed a growth pattern that allows them to reach the
for support. light under crowded conditions:
 Fast growth – allows it to reach the sun quickly in life
 Long inter-nodes – long elongation allows it to grow up
http://wildgardeners.blogspot.com/2007/12/forest-or-woodland-garden.html © Project SOUND © Project SOUND

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Native vines for
shady areas

 Regular water (Zone 2-3
to 3)
 Orange Honeysuckle
 Other vines from the Pacific
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/201/483149920_2302dd7aac.jpg?v=0
Northwest

 Occasional water (Zone 2)
 Twining habit: plant senses the supporting structure – differential  Other native honeysuckles
growth explains the twining  Climbing Penstemon
 Specialized structures:  Native Peas (Lathyrus)
 Tendrils – typical of Pea family, grapes
 Hold-fasts – typical of Ivy, Virginia Creeper, other wall-climbing vines

© Project SOUND http://kinsellandscape.com/Project_Samples/Gardens/GardenArbor1p.jpg © Project SOUND

The Honeysuckles (Lonicera species) Honeysuckles (Lonicera species)
 Arching shrubs or twining vines  Lonicera: named for Adam Lonitzer
 Family Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle (1528-1586), a German herbalist,
physician and botanist who wrote a
family) standard herbal text that was
 Native to the Northern Hemisphere. reprinted many times between 1557
 ~ 180 species, mostly from China (~ and 1783
100 species); ~ 20 native to N.  Foliage of many species used
America. medicinally
 Common garden vines:  Hummingbirds love the flowers !!!!.
 Lonicera periclymenum (European
Honeysuckle)  The fruit is a red, blue or black
 Lonicera japonica (Japanese berry containing several seeds; in
Honeysuckle, White Honeysuckle) most species the berries are mildly
 Lonicera sempervirens (Coral
poisonous, but a few have edible
Honeysuckle, Trumpet Honeysuckle)
berries, and birds will eat most
honeysuckle species’ berries.
 Many species have sweetly-scented,
bell-shaped flowers that produce a  The foliage is eaten by the larvae
sweet, edible nectar. of some butterfly & moth species


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* Orange Honeysuckle – Lonicera ciliosa * Orange Honeysuckle – Lonicera ciliosa

© 2008 Matt Below http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lonicera&Species=ciliosa

* Orange Honeysuckle – Lonicera ciliosa Orange Honeysuckle -
a twining vine
 A plant of the Pacific Northwest –
British Columbia to Northern CA and  Size:
east to Montana  to 15+ ft long

 North slopes and creek and river  Growth form:
banks, mostly in moist forested areas  Semi-woody vine/climbing shrub
 Creeping, trailing, climbing or
twining habit – usually grows
http://www.rainyside.com/features/plant_gallery/nativeplants/Lonicera_ciliosa.html

through other plants
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?2874,2877,2879
 Old vines can kill trees – kind of
like a boa constrictor

 Foliage:
 Medium to dark green, paired
simple leaves
 Winter deciduous

 Roots: trailing stems will root
http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lonicera&Species=ciliosa © Project SOUND
Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
where they touch the©ground
Project SOUND
http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lonicera&Species=ciliosa

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Flowers are fantastic Orange Honeysuckle is for shady gardens…
 Blooms: in spring - usually May-  Soils:
June in our area  Texture: just about any
 pH: any including slightly acidic
 Flowers: (under pines, firs)
 Usually red-orange; may be
more yellow-orange  Light: light shade to quite shady;
 Trumpet-shape – typical of this is a forest plant
the Honeysuckles
 Water:
 In very showy clusters – this
plant is a show-stopper in  Winter: can take some flooding
bloom  Summer: likes moist soil – Zone
 Hummingbirds love them!! 2-3 or even 3

 Berries:  Fertilizer: likes organic
amendments/ richer soils

© 1997 John Game  Other: cannot take heat
http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lonicera&Species=ciliosa
http://www.rainyside.com/features/plant_gallery/nativeplants/Lonicera_ciliosa.html

Orange Honeysuckle lights up dark corners
of the garden For garden vines, use
 As an attractive pot plant
a native alternative…
 In a woodsy garden – like
many of our ‘mature’
gardens
 Sprawling over a wall or
fence
 As a groundcover under
trees that need regular
water
 Any other place that is http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lonicera&Sp

shady and gets a little
ecies=ciliosa

Cape Honeysuckle - Tecomaria capensis
regular water Native to Australia Orange Honeysuckle – Lonicera ciliosa

http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/ofp/lon_cil.htm

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1/6/2013

‘Hate it with a Passion’ vine
 Throughout the United States and
Canada, many other invasive species
of vines are choking out native
vegetation and harming wildlife.
 Some nurseries still sell several of
these villains—such as oriental
bittersweet, porcelain berry,
English ivy and Chinese wisteria—to
unsuspecting gardeners.
 Most botanists believe that you can
help keep this ecological nightmare
from getting any worse by planting
only native vines.
 In the process, you will add eye-
catching, flowering plants to your Don’t plant it – the Gulf Fritillaries will
yard that will help you attract birds,
butterflies, bees, moths and even get by just fine
English Ivy – Gardena some small mammals.
Willows Wetland Preserve

Invasive alien vines –DO NOT PLANT
Alien Honeysuckles – the “bad boys” of
 Japanese Honeysuckle - Lonicera invasive vines
japonica
 Cape ivy - Delairea odorata (Senecio
mikanioides)  Japanese Honeysuckle -
Lonicera japonica
 English ivy, Algerian ivy - Hedera
helix & H. canariensis  Amur Honeysuckle -
Lonicera maackii
Cape Ivy
 Bridal creeper - Asparagus asparagoides
 Blue Morning-glory - Ipomoea indica  Very invasive- remove by
cutting, flaming, or burning
 Chinese Creeper; ‘Mile-a-minute’ the plant to root level and
vine -Mikania micrantha repeating on two-week
increments until nutrient
 Passion Vines - Passiflora species reserves in the roots are
depleted
 Nasturtium - Tropaeolum majus

Bridal Creeper © Project SOUND © Project SOUND

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1/6/2013

California honeysuckles are not Arches can add mystery –
aggressive vigorous vines… and increase the ‘size’ - of
small gardens
 It’s the non-native species
that completely engulfing
chain link fences – and give
our native species a bad
reputation.

 CA native species tend to be
more like open shrubs that
couldn't quite stand up on
their own and needed to hold
onto a few of their neighbors.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/lovedaylemon/3710741760/


Our two locally native
Honeysuckles
Pink Honeysuckle – Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans

Purple (Pink) Honeysuckle
Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans Santa Barbara & Southern Honeysuckles
Lonicera subspicata vars. denudata &
subspicata
© 2001 Steven Thorsted

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A honeysuckle with pink flowers… * Chaparral Honeysuckle – Lonicera interrupta

 Blooms Apr-July
 Pink-lavender and white
flowers – typical
Honeysuckle
 Flowers in showy clusters
at ends of flowering stalks
 Flowers are scented
 Provide a good nectar
source for hummingbirds,
bees & butterflies
http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/hairyhoneysuckle.html

© 2008 Chris Winchell


Native Honeysuckles are all similar-looking
* Chaparral Honeysuckle – Lonicera interrupta
 Size:
 Native to foothills from S. OR to  6-10+ ft tall & wide
AZ and into N. Mexico
 Growth form:
 Dry slopes, ridges, mixed forest  Sprawling deciduous
to 6000’ shrub/vine
 Plants stout & woody at base
 Chaparral, yellow pine forest, – become many-branched
often in shade of trees/shrubs above
 Long, flexible stems used in
basketry

 Foliage:
 Leaves typical for
Honeysuckle – paired, simple,
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Lonicera+interrupta rounded, medium-green

 Roots: roots easily where stems
touch soil
© Project SOUND © Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/socal/honeysi5.htm © Project SOUND

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Flowers are the most Honeysuckles are
yellow of the natives relatively easy to
propagate from seed
 Blooms:
 Mid-spring to mid-summer
 Remove seeds from fruits
 Usually May-June in our area

 Flowers:  Use fresh seed for best
germination – often will need
 Typical Honey-suckle shape
no cold treatment, but test
 Color is a bright, clear yellow
germination with a few seeds
 Many clusters of flowers –
showy in bloom  Soak seeds 24 hr before
 Kids of all ages love to suck planting
the ‘honey’ (nectar) from the
flowers  Stored seed then needs cold-
 Hummingbird pollinated moist treatment for 1-2 mo.
 Birds love the fruits (use coffee filter; place in
open plastic bag in refrigerator
– check for germination)
© Project SOUND Beatrice F. Howitt © California Academy of Sciences © Project SOUND
© 2008 Chris Winchell

Rooting honeysuckle  The best time is when new growth

cuttings is easy!
starts to appear in the spring (if there
is green growth, you can do itmost
Chaparral Honeysuckle takes drier conditions…
anytime of the year)
 Soils:
 Cut a length of green, “semi-soft
wood" growth from the end of the vine  Texture: very adaptable – one of
- be sure to get several sets of leaves. the better for gardens
 pH: any local pH
 Strip off the leaves nearest the cut
end. Leave one or two leaf nodes bare  Light: full sun (on coast) to part-
and one or two sets of leaves left on shade; excellent in dappled shade
the vine.
 Water:
 At this point you have a couple of  Winter: takes quite wet, including a
options. little flooding
You will soon (1-2 weeks) see  Dip the cutting in rooting hormone and  Summer: drought tolerant (Zone 1-
the new roots forming, and place it in damp potting soil or other 2) but better as Zone 2; can even
when you have several good rooting medium. take Zone 2-3 in well-drained soils
roots (an inch or so long) you
are ready to plant your new  Place the cutting in a vase of water and  Fertilizer – best with an organic
Honeysuckle vine! allow the roots to develop - change the mulch – it’s a Chaparral plant
water regularly to prevent rot.
http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/chaparralhoneysuckle.html

17

Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden

Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden

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