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8/3/2014
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© Project SOUND
Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden
Gardening with California Native Plants in Western L.A. County
Project SOUND – 2014 (our 10th year)
© Project SOUND
‘Hummingbird Heaven’:
creating an elegant water-wise
garden for hummingbirds
C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake
CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve
Madrona Marsh Preserve
August 2 & 5, 2014
© Project SOUND
California is a migratory route or year round residence for
at least six members of the hummingbird family, more than
any other state in the U.S.
© Project SOUND
Anna’s Hummingbird
 Feeds on a variety of flowers as well as insects
and spiders - eats more arthropods than most
hummingbirds.
 Particularly likes Salvia species, (Sage),
particularly Hummingbird Sage (Salvia
spathacea).
 Likes to get a drink on hot days.
 They especially like bird baths that drip so they can
hover and sip water as it runs over the edge.
 They will also perch on the edge and drink as other
birds do but they only sit still for a minute
http://www.laspilitas.com/California_birds
/Hummingbirds/Anna's_Hummingbird/An
na's_Hummingbird.htm
http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/167/_/An
nas_Hummingbird.aspx
Known for its red head.
These feathers are only
visible at a certain angle.
This allows the male Anna's
Hummingbird to hide when
he needs to and show off
when it suits him.
8/3/2014
2
© Project SOUND
Allen’s Hummingbird
 Common in brushy woods, gardens & meadows
of coastal California
 Male highly aggressive and territorial. Hot-
tempered despite its diminutive stature, a
male Allen's Hummingbird will chase other
males from its territory, as well as any other
hummingbird species
 Eats mainly nectar (occasionally eating
spiders and insects it finds in flowers). The
spiders and insects provide a source of
protein.
 Need nectar sources with high amounts of
sugar to support their incredibly high
metabolisms.
 Must visit approximately one thousand
flowers per day and needs to consume
more than twice its own weight in nectar
each day.
 Has very general nesting requirements -
will nest in trees, shrubs, or herbs. Nests
are very small and tightly woven cups.
http://hummingbirds.arizona.edu/Web%20pictures/Allen's%20male_salal_Melton.png
http://www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com/allens_hummingbird_map.htm
© Project SOUND
Most hummingbird garden plans look
something like this
© Project SOUND
http://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/huntingwildlifehabitat/landowners_guide/habitat_mgmt/backyard/Special_Gardens.htm
Tohono Chul Park –
Tucson AZ
© Project SOUNDhttp://www.gogobot.com/tohono-chul-park-tucson-attraction
http://arizonaforboomers.com/
8/3/2014
3
 ‘This garden is planted with
salvia, desert honeysuckle,
desert willow and many
other hummingbird-
friendly plants.
 Hummingbirds are drawn
to sweet, flute-shaped
flowers, which are perfect
for the birds’ long, narrow
beaks.
 You’re sure to see a
“hummer” flitting from
flower to flower.’
© Project SOUND
Tohono Chul –Hummingbird Garden
http://sabinocanyonblog.blogspot.com/2009/03/whats-blooming-at-tohono-chul.html
Even the restaurant attracts
hummingbirds at Tohono Chul Park
© Project SOUND
http://www.soaznonprofits.org/tucsons-worst-best-kept-secret/
Site Map – front yard
© Project SOUND
garage
house
40.5’
40’
Site Map – front yard
© Project SOUND
garage
house
10 ft 8 ft15 ft
6 ft 4
8/3/2014
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Physical characteristics & constraints
 Sandy loam soil – well-drained
but dries quickly
 Front yard – N-facing; back is
S-facing and somewhat hot
 Water Zones:
 Front yard 2 to 2-3;
 Back yard 1-2 to 2
© Project SOUND
http://www.estately.com/listings/info/2062-w-234th-street
Hummingbird needs in a nutshell
 food—75% nectar, 25% protein from
small insects and spiders and some
pollen
 water—they love to zip through moving
water, such as a birdbath fountain,
mist sprayer, or garden sprinkler
 cover—from predators and for nesting
(as well as nesting materials), and
 perches—they spend 60–80% of each
day perching, surveying their territory
and dozing.
© Project SOUND
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/
Anna's_Hummingbird_-_male_flying.jpg
What expert California hummingbird
gardeners have learned
 Hummingbirds prefer a mixed
diet of nectar from multiple
sources.
 Hummingbirds need a source
of nectar throughout the
season (choose plants with
different bloom seasons).
 A yard needs between 400
and 1000 flowers to support
one bird.
© Project SOUND
Fortunately, most neighborhoods
have at least some gardens with
nectar plants
What expert California hummingbird
gardeners have learned
 Attractive blooming plants should
lean towards reds & purples
 In addition to native plants,
hummingbirds use common garden
plants such as Fuchsia, Salvia,
Nicotiana, Agastache, Bee Balm,
Columbine, Scarlet Gilia , Hyssop,
Pride of Madiera and Red Hot Poker.
 Penstamons are especially attractive
because of their high nectar
content.
© Project SOUND
8/3/2014
5
Plant characteristics: ‘Hummingbird Heaven’
 Must attract hummingbirds
 Bloom season through year
(combination of plants)
 Some evergreen background
plants – at least in front yard
 Use vertical space wisely
 Shade tree for backyard
 Bright colored flowers: reds,
oranges, purples
© Project SOUND
http://www.estately.com/listings/info/2062-w-234th-street
What expert California hummingbird
gardeners have learned
 Hummingbirds need safe
places to perch & hide –
dense trees and shrubs
of any kind, including
many CA native species
 Hummingbirds prefer
the native species for
nesting.
© Project SOUND
© Project SOUND
For the front yard, need to consider scale Front yard – need small ‘tree’ and some
low evergreen shrubs as backdrop
 Common evergreen choices –
Water Zone 2 to 2-3
 Manzanita (Arctostaphylos)
 CA lilac (Ceanothus)
 CA Coffeeberry
 Hollyleaf redberry
 Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis)
 Lemonadeberry
 Pacific wax myrtle – Myrica
 Prunus ilicifolia
 Pines/junipers
© Project SOUND
 Seasonally deciduous
 Ribes
 Sambucus
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Large (tree-like) Ceanothus
 Ceanothus arboreus
 Ceanothus ‘Ray Hartman’
 Ceanothus ‘Trewethin Blue’
 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus ‘Snow
Flurry’
© Project SOUNDhttp://www.goldrushnursery.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.plantDetail/plant_id/130/index.htm
http://www.contracosta.watersavingplants.com/eplant.php?plantnum=24340&return=l12
Tree-like manzanitas
 Arctostaphylos glauca (and
cultivars
 A. ‘Lester Rowntree’
 A. densiflora ‘Howard McMinn’
 A. bakeri 'Louis Edmunds‘
© Project SOUND
A. bakeri ‘Louis Edmunds’
http://www.californianativeplants.com/index.php/catalog/item/arctostaphylos-bakeri-louis-
edmunds
A. densiflora ‘Howard McMinn’
http://www.pacifichorticulture.org/articles/arctostaphylos-for-pacific-northwest-gardens/
Which ‘tree’: Manzanita or Ceanothus?
Arctostaphylos (Manzanita)
 Water Zone: 2
 Winter-spring bloom
 Small white-pink flowers
 Wide range of sizes
 More open habit
 Long-lived once established
 Excellent hummingbird plant
Ceanothus (CA lilac)
 Water Zone: 2
 Spring bloom
 Showy blue-purple flowers
 Wide range of sizes
 More dense
 Shorter life in garden setting
 Good hummingbird plant
© Project SOUND
Arctostaphylos ‘Lester Rowntree’
© Project SOUND
http://www.cnps.org/cnps/grownative/tips/pruning03-levin.php
Conclusion: perhaps a little out of
scale - too large and heavy-looking
for site
8/3/2014
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© Project SOUND
* Vine Hill Manzanita – Arctostaphylos densiflora
© 2006 Steve Matson
© Project SOUND
Vine Hill Manzanita is a winner..
 Size:
 4-8 ft tall (cultivars somewhat
outside this range)
 4-6+ ft wide
 Growth form:
 Woody shrub; actual form
depends on local conditions
 Cultivars range from tree-form
to low groundcover
 Moderate growth rate
 Bark an attractive red-brown
 Foliage:
 Evergreen
 Leaves leathery, elliptic,
upright, medium green
http://www.elnativogrowers.com/images/Photos/arcdenhm_trunk.JPG
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/171/419662011_8048513537.jpg?v=0
© Project SOUND
An adaptable Manzanita  Soils:
 Texture: quite adaptable –
more so than other Manzanitas
– takes clay soils
 pH: any local; slightly acidic is
best
 Light:
 Full sun to part-shade
 Water:
 Winter: tolerates seasonal
flooding
 Summer: likes to be fairly dry
– Zone 1-2 to 2 once
established
 Fertilizer: likes poor soils; fine
with organic mulch
© Project SOUND
Vine Hill manzanita
 Train as an attractive tree
 Use as a large accent shrub
 Shear as a formal hedge – or leave it
more informal
 Some cultivars even make nice
evergreen groundcovers
‘Howard McMinn’ cultivar
http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/arcdenhm.htm
http://www.nativeson.com/images/plants/arctostaphylossunset.jpg
8/3/2014
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© Project SOUND
‘Sentinel’ cultivar
 8-10 ft tall & ft wide; upright
habit
 Very ‘garden-tolerant’
 One of the easiest Manzanitas
to grow
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/arctostaphylos-densiflora-sentinel-manzanita
© Project SOUND
‘Howard McMinn’ cultivar
 5-8+ ft tall & wide
 Readily available
 Very tolerant of garden
conditions; long-lived (50+ years)
 Often trained as a small tree
 ‘White Lanterns’ is more dense
http://www.wildscaping.com/plants/plantprofiles/Arcto_HowardMcMinn.htm
http://www.elnativogrowers.com/images/Photos/arcdenhm_lsp_shrub.JPG
http://www.pacifichorticulture.org/articles/arctostaphylos-for-pacific-northwest-gardens/
Aesthetic and other considerations when
choosing a manzanita
 Open or dense growth
pattern
 Growth speed
 Foliage color
 Flower color
 Size/color of fruits
 ‘Garden hardiness’ – length of
time used in gardens
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Vine Hill manzanita - too dense?
8/3/2014
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© Project SOUND
*Baker’s manzanita – Arctostaphylos bakeri
 Narrow endemic – small area of
Sonoma County
 Rare/endangered in wild
 Chaparral and woodlands, in
open areas – generally on
serpentine soils
 First described by Alice
Eastwood in 1934
 Much debate on taxonomy
 AKA Arctostaphylos
stanfordiana bakeri
© Project SOUND
*Baker’s manzanita – Arctostaphylos bakeri
©1995 David Graber
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3449,3454,3457
© Project SOUND
Small tree size
 Size:
 6-10 (usually 6-8) ft tall
 6-8 ft wide
 Growth form:
 Large shrub/small tree
 Upright & open – often used
for shape
 Nice branch structure – and
dark (purple/brown) bark
 Foliage:
 Medium green
 Leaves simple, oval, held
mostly upright – may be
rough or fuzzy
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arctostaphylos_bakeri#me
diaviewer/File:Arctostaphylos_bakeri_ssp._bakeri_-
_University_of_California_Botanical_Garden_-_DSC09037.JPG
http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Arctostaphylos-bakeri/
© Project SOUND
Manzanita flowers
 Blooms: early spring – usually
Feb-Mar in S. CA, but may be
even earlier
 Flowers:
 Small, urn-shaped flowers
 In dangling clusters
 Pink (light to medium)
 Attract hummingbirds and
long-tongued butterflies, bees
 Fruits:
 Dryish red-brown drupe
 Can be used to make ‘cider’,
jelly, syrup, ‘mush’
 Fruit-eating birds will take up
the slack
8/3/2014
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© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements
 Soils:
 Texture: well-drained
 pH: slightly acidic
 Light:
 Full sun to light shade
 Water:
 Winter: needs plenty –
supplement as needed
 Summer: needs some; Water
Zone 2
 Fertilizer:
 none; likes poor soils
 Thin organic mulch/leaf litter
 Other:
 Prune up when young if desired;
remove dead branches©1995 David Graber
Arctostaphylos bakeri ‘Louis Edmunds’
 Natural variant from N. Coast introduced
into gardens in 1962
 Lg shrub/small tree - to 10 feet tall and
will spread 6 – 8 feet.
 Open habit; nice branch structure
 Small light gray-green leaves.
 Adapts to many climates; full sun to part-
shade & tolerates more water than most
manzanitas, but is drought tolerant
 Excellent for a screen or as a focal point
in almost any garden.
 AKA Arctostaphylos stanfordiana bakeri
'Louis Edmonds'
© Project SOUND
http://plantplanet.wordpress.com/2010/12/29/005-arctostaphylos-bakeri-louis-edmunds-louis-
edmunds-manzanita/
Why choose Manzanita cultivars?
 Because they have better size,
shape, color, etc.
 Because they often are better
adapted to garden conditions (and
therefore more likely to thrive in
your garden)
 Garden tolerance - cultivars are
often more tolerant of:
 A little extra water
 Soils that are not perfectly
drained
 Heat and cold
 Salinity and higher pH
© Project SOUND
Which Manzanita to choose?
‘Howard McMinn’
 Adaptable
 Good track record in gardens
 Available
 Rather dense foliage
‘Louis Edmonds
 Adaptable
 Good track record in gardens
 Available
 More open foliage
© Project SOUND
8/3/2014
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Tohono Chul – open shade with flowers
© Project SOUND
http://davidandlindab.blogspot.com/2011/04/tohono-chul-park.html
Island Alumroot – Heuchera maxima
J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Growth requirements – Island Alumroot
 Sun: Full sun on the coast, part shade
anywhere
 Soils:
 Any well-drained – sandy is best
 Any pH except very acidic
 Nutrients: organic supplements, mulches
are useful
 Water:
 regular water to establish
 two to four times a month (especially in
summer and at inland locations) to keep
plants looking green and lengthen bloom.
 Are fairly drought tolerant in shady sites –
just look a little raggedy with summer
drought
 Maintenance:
 Mulch
 Remove dead foliage
 Divide every 3-5 years – when flowering
decreases
http://www.gardenbuddies.com/forum/messages/4314/6145.html
© Project SOUND
Remember, Manzanitas are slow-growing
And our Heucheras will need some shade
8/3/2014
12
© Project SOUND
We’ll need a temporary groundcover
© Project SOUND
That’s better
© Project SOUND
The end result will be lovely and neat
© Project SOUND
8/3/2014
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Fortunately, we have the ‘Ceanothus list’
© Project SOUND
Groundcover ceanothus
 * * Ceanothus “Joyce Coulter’
 * * Ceanothus ‘Centennial’
 ** Ceanothus gloriosus ‘Blue Jeans’
 ** Ceanothus maritimus ‘Frosty
Dawn’
 ** Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var.
repens ‘Ken Taylor’
 ** Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var.
repens ‘Louis Edmunds’
 Likely others if we asked a
Theodore Payne Foundation or Tree
of Life Nursery
© Project SOUND
Groundcover ceanothus: several choices
© Project SOUND
Ceanothus “Joyce Coulter’
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/ceanothus-joyce-coulter
Ceanothus ‘Centennial’
http://www.monrovia.com/plant-catalog/plants/3260/centennial-hybrid-wild-lilac/
Ceanothus griseus horizontalis
‘Yankee Point’ – trimmed low
http://www.landscapestandards.com/index.php?title=Lawn_Alternatives
Managing our low-growing ceanothus
 Many groundcover species flower only
once a year, in spring.
 Everything that has flowered should
be pruned immediately afterwards to
keep the growth compact
 All spring-flowering species should
absolutely not be pruned in the
autumn or winter or few flowers will
be evident the following spring.
© Project SOUND
8/3/2014
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© Project SOUND
Those tropical shrubs have gotta go…
Carex ‘lawn’
© Project SOUND
* Rose Meadowsweet – Spiraea splendens
©2011 Kelsey Byers
© Project SOUND
Rose Meadowsweet:
a garden favorite
 In woodland garden with others
that like a little moisture
 As a groundcover under trees
 In large containers – accent
 In a butterfly garden
Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
http://www.nwplants.com/business/catalog/spi_spl.html Photo credit: cascade hiker / Foter / CC BY-NC-SA © Project SOUND
8/3/2014
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© Project SOUND
You’ve probably noticed ….
… that this month’s garden is very
different from the garden we
designed last month
Tohono Chul (and other famous gardens)
use an ancient design trick: repetition
© Project SOUND
http://www.gogobot.com/tohono-chul-park-tucson-attraction
http://sabinocanyonblog.blogspot.com/2009/03/whats-blooming-at-tohono-chul.html
 Definition: Repeating visual elements such as line, color, shape,
texture, value or image
 When applied to garden plants often referred to as ‘mass
plantings’
Repetition
© Project SOUND
http://www.botanicaatlanta.com/Formal%20Italian%20Garden.jpg
 Used: where ever design plays
a role, from photography &
painting to design of all types
including garden design
 Why done:
 To unify the total effect:
provide sense of consistency
 To create rhythm – sense of
movement as your eye follows
the pattern
 Often occurs in nature – part
of why we find it pleasing
 Too much repetition can be
boring
Massed plantings
 Advantages
 Look glorious when in bloom –
one of the showiest ways to
garden - repetition
 Fewer plant species to choose
 More focused maintenance
 Disadvantages
 More difficult to get year-
round color/flowers
 May be hard to get enough
plants of a given species
 Risk of die-off on a massive
scale
 Less ecological in many cases
© Project SOUND
http://plantlust.com/plants/zauschneria-californica/images/28093/
http://gardendesigninc.com/gardendesignblog/?cat=23
8/3/2014
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What expert California hummingbird
gardeners have learned
 Repetition works : use clusters of
colorful blooms – easier for
hummingbirds to spot the flowers
 Contrast is also needed:
 Layering blooms:
 Tallest plants in back or in the center if it
is accessible around the circumference of
the garden. An example: Phlox
 Middle size plants in the middle. An
example: Bee Balm
 Small plants in the front. An example:
Salvia Sage
 Color contrasts:
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
* Nettle-leaf Giant Hyssop – Agastache urticifolia
© 2004, Ben Legler
© Project SOUND
Giant Hyssop is
easy to grow
 Soils:
 Texture: just about any well-
drained soil
 pH: any local
 Light:
 Full sun to part-shade
 Will attract more pollinators in
sunny spot
 Water:
 Winter: needs water; winter
flooding is fine
 Summer: likes a bit of summer
water Zone 2 or 2-3 – good
under a birdbath
 Fertilizer: not picky – fine with
organic mulch
 Other: spread slowly via rhizomes
© Project SOUND
Giant Hyssop adds a pastel
element to the summer garden
 In mixed perennial beds – even
mixed with non-natives
 In areas with overspray from lawns,
near fountains
 In the vegetable garden or home
orchard – fine with morning sun
 Nice addition to a woodland garden
– plant in sunny patches
 Great bee plant – produces a light,
minty-flavored honey
 One of the best additions to the
butterfly garden
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qxNbk1BRhPMJ:forums.gardenweb.com/forums/load/salvia/msg021927179459.html+Agastache+urticifolia+propag
ation&cd=29&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
8/3/2014
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Horticultural Agastache increase our options
© Project SOUND
Agastache cana ‘Sinning’
Agastache cana
Agastache rupestris ‘Sunset’
Agastache urticifolia
© Project SOUND
Hybrid Agastache adds both repetition & contrast
Verbena bonariensis is a staple of
hummingbird gardens
© Project SOUND
http://www.deborahsilver.com/blog/a-particular-planting/hudas-05-27/
Comes from South America
The Verbenas: family Verbenaceae
 ~ 75 genera and 3,000 species
 Includes herbs, shrubs, and trees
 Mostly from tropical and warm
temperate regions.
 Heads/spikes/clusters of small
flowers, many of which have an
aromatic smell
 Well-known examples”
 Teak -Tectona grandis (wood)
 Verbena/Vervain
 Lantana
 Lippia or Frog Fruit
 Chase Tree (Vitex)
© Project SOUND
http://delawarewildflowers.org/images/verbena_hastata.jpg
http://www.easttennesseewildflowers.com/gallery/var/albums/Texas09/Copy_of_Lantana_TX1.jp
g?m=1348906529
8/3/2014
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Verbenas as often massed in gardens
© Project SOUNDhttp://powellgardens.blogspot.com/2010/10/reflections-of-grand-growing-season.html
Is there a native verbena we could use?
© Project SOUND
*Southwest mock verbena – Glandularia gooddingii
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=GLGO
 Eastern Mojave desert foothills; ne Sonoran
Desert to UT, AZ, NM to n. Mexico
 Sandy soils, washes, rocky slopes, 1200–2000
m. (4000-6500 ft.)
© Project SOUND
*Southwest mock verbena – Glandularia gooddingii
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?GLGO
http://www.delange.org/Verbena/Verbena.htm
© Project SOUND
Glandularia gooddingii – verbena-like for certain
 Size:
 1-2 ft tall
 2-4 ft wide
 Growth form:
 Herbaceous/part-woody perennial
 Mounded, groundcover-like habit
 Moderate growth rate; lives 3-5
years (replace when needed)
 Near evergreen with a little
summer water
 Foliage:
 Pale/medium green
 Variable leaves – somewhat
chrysanthemum-like
8/3/2014
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© Project SOUND
Flower-garden flowers
 Blooms:
 in spring – usually Apr-June
 Flowering season depends on
moisture
 Flowers:
 Violet or pale pink-purple
 In dense clusters at tops of stalks
 Very attractive – and also attract
hummingbirds and butterflies
 Seeds:
 Plant untreated seeds in winter
 Needs light to germinate
 Best seeded in place
 Will reseed if happy
http://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/1163/glandularia-gooddingii-southwestern-mock-vervain/
© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements
 Soils:
 Texture: well-drained a must
 pH: any local
 Light:
 Full sun to part-shade; good heat
tolerance
 Water:
 Winter: needs adequate;
supplement if needed
 Summer: best with occasional
summer water – Water Zone 2 to
keep green, blooming
 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
 Other:
 No/inorganic mulch for reseeding
 Light pruning (deadheading)
after flowering
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=GLGO
© Project SOUND
Groundcover/fill
 Groundcover under trees
 Along walkways, patios
 As an attractive pot plant
 In mixed planter beds
 In habitat, desert or rock
gardens
©2010 James M. Andre
http://www.amwua.org/pictures/gc-v-gooddingii-1.jpg
http://www.landscape-resources.com/portfolio/groundcoversx/pages/Verbena%20gooddingii-
1.htm
© Project SOUND
Add the Mock verbena & replace a shrub…
Ribes
8/3/2014
20
© Project SOUND
And our front yard looks pretty good Front (Water Zone 2 to 2-3) – N = 7 species
Winter-spring Spring-summer Summer-fall
Trees
Arctostaphylos
bakeri ‘Louis
Edmunds’
Large shrubs
Ribes (malvaceum;
sanguineum)
Smaller
shrubs
Spiraea splendens
Groundcover Heuchera cv
Ceanothus cv
Glandularia gooddingii
Heuchera cv
Glandularia
gooddingii
Other
Agastache rupestris
‘Sunset’
Agastache
rupestris
‘Sunset’
© Project SOUND
© Project SOUND
Now it’s time to tackle the backyard Here’s the site map for backyard
© Project SOUND
porch
house
Vegetable/Annuals
36 ft
38ft
N
8/3/2014
21
© Project SOUND
*Desert-willow – Chilopsis linearis
http://www.pssc.ttu.edu/techhort/PLANTID/desert/dsrtwllw.htm
© Project SOUND
Desert Willow is a small, deciduous tree or large shrub
 Size:
 15-30 ft tall
 15-25 ft wide
 Growth form:
 Naturally grows with several
trunks – can be trained to single
 Open structure; graceful looking
 Branches droop as they age
 Old bark has fissures
 Foliage:
 Bright green glossy leaves
 Winter-deciduous (Nov-spring)
 Fast growing – to 3 ft/year
http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=21922
We do have room for the Desert Willow
© Project SOUND
porch
house
Vegetable/Annuals
N
6’ 4’
© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements  Soils:
 Texture: any well-drained;
can’t take very wet soils
 pH: any local
 Light:
 Full sun best
 Light shade ok
 Water:
 Regular water first 2 years;
no flooding
 Zone 2; deep water when soil
is dry
 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
 Other: can tolerate extreme
heathttp://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Chilopsis_linearis.html
8/3/2014
22
© Project SOUND
Flowers are like orchids
 Blooms:
 Long bloom period
 usually Apr-Aug/Sept. in S. CA
 Flowers:
 Like an orchid or Catalpa
 Extremely showy – tropical- or
Mediterranean-looking
 Light fragrance – somewhat like
violets
 Nectar attracts hummingbirds &
bees
 Seeds:
 In long, thin pods
 Tan pods remain on tree through
winter
http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=21931
http://www.smugmug.com/gallery/1788381_t5i7e/1/91507869_yreg7#91507869_yreg7
© Project SOUND
Common cultivars
 If you're looking for a specific flower color, shop now while
the trees are in still in bloom.
 Named cultivars are propagated vegetatively and are
consistent in their flower characteristics.
 Look for a tree with good vigor and a profusion of blooms in
the color you like.
‘Lucretia Hamilton’
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/procee
dings1999/v4-436.html
‘Burgandy’
‘Warren Jones’
http://www.flickr.com/photos/vsny/2530579994/
© Project SOUND
The Desert willow is perfect for the backyard
© Project SOUND
Coyote Mint – Monardella villosa
http://drystonegarden.com/index.php/2010/08/august-bloom-day/
8/3/2014
23
© Project SOUND
Coyote Mint
 Soils:
 Texture: any well-drained
 Light: full sun to part shade
 Water:
 Winter: don’t let it get too wet
 Summer: best with slightly damp to
slightly dry sandy soil; don’t over-
water – will make it leggy and decrease
it’s lifespan
 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
 Other:
 Pinch tips to promote fuller growth
 Shear back to about 1/3 of it’s volume in
fall/winter
If the plant loses its leaves
to drought during the hot
months, it will leaf out
again with rain and cooler
weather.
So far, so good: all plants are hummingbird magnets
© Project SOUND
porch
house
Vegetable/Annuals
N
6’ 4’
Medium or large shrubs needed to block the view
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
We envision something like this
8/3/2014
24
© Project SOUND
* Baja Fairyduster – Calliandra californica
© Project SOUND
Baja fairyduster has a Baja look…
 Size:
 4-8 ft tall; may be more
 4-5 ft wide; sprawls
 Growth form:
 Evergreen woody shrub (may
lose leaves when stressed)
 Many crossing branches –
airy look; sprawls
 Foliage:
 Bright green
 Many small leaflets; lacy/ferny
look
 Unique and pretty; doesn’t look
like a drought-tolerant plant
 Larval food for Marine Blue
http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/calcal.htm
We’ve got plenty of room along the back fence
© Project SOUND
porch
house
Vegetable/Annuals
N
6’ 4’
What expert California hummingbird
gardeners have learned
 Narrow gardens are better. It’s easier for
hummingbirds to access the garden from either
side.
 Curving flower beds work also. These allow
approach from all sides. Because hummingbirds
are territorial, it’s better if they can zip down into
the garden quickly before the competitor gets a
chance to take over.
© Project SOUND
8/3/2014
25
© Project SOUND
Something smaller and shrubby in front
© Project SOUND
*Rose/Blue Sage – Salvia pachyphylla
©2008 Curtis Croulet
 S High Sierras, Tehachapi Mountain Area,
San Bernardino Mountains, Peninsular
Ranges, Desert Mountains
 Dry slopes, pinyon/juniper to yellow-pine
forest, 5,000 to 10,000 ft (1,500 to
3,000 m) usually in decomposed granite
© Project SOUND
*Rose/Blue Sage – Salvia pachyphylla
©2008 Curtis Croulet
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?4745,4865,4883
http://prairiebreak.blogspot.com/2013/09/santa-rosa-mountain-or-bust.html
© Project SOUND
Rose sage: one of our prettiest Salvias
 Size:
 2-3 ft tall
 2-3 ft wide
 Growth form:
 Mounded sub-shrub
 Very dense branch pattern
 Fairly fast growth
 Foliage:
 Pale green to gray-green –
depends on light, water
 Leaves spoon-shaped
 Aromatic on touch – like a sweet
White Sage scent
©2008 Curtis Croulet
8/3/2014
26
© Project SOUND
Flowers are fantastic
 Blooms: summer/fall – usually
May-Aug/Sept. at our elevation
 Flowers:
 Violet-blue flowers
surrounded by bright magenta
bracts ; lovely
 Plants literally covered with
blooming stalks – makes other
Salvias jealous!
 Attract hummingbirds, bees,
butterflies
©2006 Steven Thorsted
©2011 Steven Thorsted
© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements  Soils:
 Texture: well-drained a must
 pH: any local
 Light:
 Full sun to part-shade (under
high canopy)
 Tolerates heat
 Water:
 Winter: needs adequate
 Summer: none to occasional
(better) in well-drained soils –
Water Zone 1-2.
 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils.
Light organic or inorganic mulch
 Other: prune in fall as with other
native Salvias©2011 Steven Thorsted
© Project SOUND
Queen of the garden
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/salvia-pachyphylla
http://acantholimon.blogspot.com/2014/03/plant-select-super-xerics.html
Salvia pachyphylla
‘Blue Flame’
 Lush flowers are offset by mid-green
foliage. Expect to fall in love with it
 Does well in dry, gravelly gardens as a
groundcover, border or pathway
edging, native Southwestern gardens
 36 inches tall and 24 inches wide
 Flowers summer to fall attracting
butterflies, honeybees.
Hummingbirds
 Available from High County Gardens
(order on-line)
© Project SOUND
http://www.highcountrygardens.com/perennial-
plants/salvia/salvia-pachyphylla-blue-flame
8/3/2014
27
Salvia pachyphylla ‘Mulberry Flambe’
 ‘Dark, mulberry-purple
bracts and blue flowers
held over pure silver,
evergreen foliage.’
 High Country Gardens
© Project SOUND
http://www.highcountrygardens.com/perennial-plants/salvia/salvia-
pachyphylla-mulberry-flambe
Two similar appearing
alternatives
 Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’ (English
Lavender)
 Blooms: mid- to late summer
 Full sun; well-drained soils
 Occasional/medium (Water Zone 2 to 2-3)
 Prune back to 8” every 2-3 years
 Salvia leucantha ‘Santa Barbara’ & ‘Santa
Barbara dwarf’ - (Mexican Sage)
 Blooms: year-round (or almost so); great
hummingbird plant
 Full sun/ well-drained soils
 Occasional water (Water Zone 2)
 Prune like native Salvias
© Project SOUND
English Lavender ‘Hidcote’
http://www.americanmeadows.com/perennials/lav
ender/lavender-hidcote
Salvia Leucantha ‘Santa Barbara’
Masses of purple from late spring to fall
© Project SOUND
porch
house
Vegetable/Annuals
N
Now we need some contrast
© Project SOUND
8/3/2014
28
© Project SOUND
Scarlet Bugler – Penstemon centranthifolius
http://www.researchlearningcenter.org/bloom/species/Penstemon_centranthifolius.htm
© Project SOUND
Flowers are showy
 Blooms: mid- to late spring -
usually Apr-June in our area, but
may be later.
 Flowers:
 Bright red to red-orange
(less common) – glow in the
sun
 Narrow, tubular shape –
hummingbird flower
 Along tall, rather narrow
flowering stalks – somewhat
like large Heuchera
 Long-lasting & showy
http://homepage.mac.com/cjbowdish/ManzanaTrailandFigueroaMtMay2008/
© Project SOUND
Penstemons shine
in dry areas
 Dry hillsides; lovely massed
 With local native grasses
 Paired with Salvias, other
penstemons
 Under oaks or other water-
wise trees & shrubs
http://xasauantoday.com/2009/05/04/spring-at-the-indians/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/amarguy/2388294009/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/12205793@N04/5116623276/
Penstemon ‘Garnet’ (syn. ‘Andenken an
Friedrich Hahn’)
 A fast grower as well as reliable
bloomer, ‘Garnet’ can reach 3’ high
and 2’ across. The slender ruby-
colored stems bear narrow,
toothed green leaves and garnet-
colored flowers from June to
October; individual blossoms have
a white throat marked with thin,
red lines. The outermost flowering
stems, heavy with blossom, often
arch away from the center of the
plant making it an elegant
selection for containers. One of
the hardiest hybrids, it persists
longer than most in a favorable
site
© Project SOUND
8/3/2014
29
We need a fall-blooming orange flower
© Project SOUND
porch
house
Vegetable/Annuals
N
California Fuschia – Epilobium canum
CA Fuschia – Epilobium canum
 Formerly Zauschneria
californica
 Western U.S. from Wyoming
to Baja
 In southern CA
 Away from immediate coast in
drier areas of Coastal Sage
Scrub, Chaparral, Southern
Oak Woodlands
 Dry areas, rocky slopes &
cliffs
 Also in mountain pine forests
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5263,5410,5414
Very showy flowers
 Trumpet-shaped,
orange-red flowers
with extended anther,
stamens
 Flowers on short
stems from vertical
stems
 Hummingbird
pollinated
 Flowers also attract
butterflies
8/3/2014
30
Horticultural requirements for CA Fuschia
 Soils:
 Texture: sand to clay – very tolerant
 pH: any, including alkali
 Nutrients: low needs
 Sun:
 Full sun to part shade
 Ok under open trees
 Water:
 Little to moderate water once
established
 Tolerates seasonal flooding
 Pruning:
 Cut back in late winter – can cut
back to ground
 Can pinch back terminal buds for
fuller appearance
Multiplies by seeds
and spreading roots
Isolation breeds
variability
 Island variant (top)
 Foliage more gray-green
 Blooms fall/winter (Sept.-
Jan.)
 Peninsula variant (bottom)
 Foliage more bright green
 Blooms in summer/fall
(Aug.-Oct.)
http://nnvesj.org/Y04/Ed13/NativeGarden2.htm
Epilobium canum ‘Uvas Canyon’
 Upright habit to ~ 20”
 Moderate to regular water
 Very grey fuzzy foliage
 Hot red-orange flowers
that flower for many weeks
in early fall
© Project SOUND
http://camissonia.blogspot.com/2011/11/california-fuchsias-red-hot-hotties-in.html
Epilobium septentrionalis
'Select Mattole'
 Selected from a rock outcrop
along the Mattole River in
Humboldt County
 Dense, silvery leaves offset
tubular scarlet late summer
blooms.
 Best with sun/part-shade and
occasional to regular water.
 Beautiful amid grasses or
along a wall where it can spill
down.
© Project SOUND
http://www.yerbabuenanursery.com/viewplant.php?pid=901
8/3/2014
31
Epilobium canum ‘Western Hills’
 Zauschneria ‘Western
Hills’ makes an upright,
shrubby plant, to 70cm,
clothed in small grey-green
leaves. The orange-red
trumpet, produced in a long
succession, are held well
above the foliage on twiggy
stems. I’ve planted it in the
dry garden next to the
dusky pink flowered
Origanum ‘Santa Cruz’.
© Project SOUND
http://lambley.com.au/garden-notes/californian-plants-for-an-australian-dry-garden
We finally have a plan for the backyard
© Project SOUND
porch
house
Vegetable/Annuals
N
6’
4’
Back yard (Water Zone 1-2 to 2) – 7+ species
Winter-spring Spring-summer Summer-fall
Trees Chilopsis linearis
Large shrubs Calliandra californica
Smaller
shrubs
Salvia leucantha
Penstemon centranthifolius;
Salvia pachyphylla
Lavandula angustifolia
‘Hidcote’
Salvia leucantha
Salvia
leucantha
Groundcover Monardella villosa
Other Wildflowers
Epilobium
canum
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Other annuals & biennials that are
particularly attractive to hummingbirds
Circium occidentale
Clarkia unguiculata
Collinsia heterophylla
Lupinus species
Oenothera elata
Annual Salvias
http://www.calfloranursery.com/pages_whatsnew/whatsnewmay07.html
8/3/2014
32
The main back yard hummingbird haven
© Project SOUND
 Provides good habitat & design
 Uses vertical space to provide interest and habitat
 Uses repetition in shrubs and smaller plants
 Uses contrast: size; foliage color; flower color
 Provides interest and hummingbird food year-round
© Project SOUND
The hummingbird habitat: not just pretty
red flowers…
 A hummingbird-friendly
garden requires five key
elements to provide good
hummingbird habitat
 Nectar-producing flowers
 Insects
 Water
 Perching places
 Nest sites
http://www.morrocoastaudubon.org/pics/alhumas.jpg
© Project SOUND
Gardening for hummingbird habitat
 Place plants in several
locations. This will allow more
hummingbirds and minimize
territorial fighting
 Fill as much of your yard as
possible with flowering plants,
vines, shrubs, and trees. If
you do not have a garden, even a
window box or hanging basket
can attract hummingbirds!
 Plant clusters of the same
species together.
 Plant flowers with different
blooming times to provide
nectar throughout the seasons.
 Minimize or avoid using
herbicides or pesticides on
or near those plants where
butterflies and hummingbirds
are feeding.
© Project SOUND
More tips: Gardening for Hummingbird habitat
 Create both sun and shade area in
your hummingbird garden. Your
hummingbird flowers will need sun to grow
and your hummingbirds will need the shade
to perch in between feedings.
 Be sure to position your hummingbird
garden where you can see it and get
the most enjoyment out of it.
 Hummers spend nearly 80 percent of
their time resting, so you also will
want to provide plenty of places to
perch. They'll sit on twigs, leaf
stems, fences, etc..
 Mature trees and shrubs with a thick
canopy are important nesting and
escape features. Shrubs, bushes and
perennials not only provide food but can
also provide perching and nesting sites
and, in some cases, escape features the
bird will use.
Trees and shrubs don’t necessarily
need to be huge to provide good
hummingbird habitat
8/3/2014
33
© Project SOUND
http://sabinocanyonblog.blogspot.com/2009/03/whats-blooming-at-tohono-chul.html
Tohono Chul Garden

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Planning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water wise plants - 2014 - notes

  • 1. 8/3/2014 1 © Project SOUND Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden Gardening with California Native Plants in Western L.A. County Project SOUND – 2014 (our 10th year) © Project SOUND ‘Hummingbird Heaven’: creating an elegant water-wise garden for hummingbirds C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve Madrona Marsh Preserve August 2 & 5, 2014 © Project SOUND California is a migratory route or year round residence for at least six members of the hummingbird family, more than any other state in the U.S. © Project SOUND Anna’s Hummingbird  Feeds on a variety of flowers as well as insects and spiders - eats more arthropods than most hummingbirds.  Particularly likes Salvia species, (Sage), particularly Hummingbird Sage (Salvia spathacea).  Likes to get a drink on hot days.  They especially like bird baths that drip so they can hover and sip water as it runs over the edge.  They will also perch on the edge and drink as other birds do but they only sit still for a minute http://www.laspilitas.com/California_birds /Hummingbirds/Anna's_Hummingbird/An na's_Hummingbird.htm http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/167/_/An nas_Hummingbird.aspx Known for its red head. These feathers are only visible at a certain angle. This allows the male Anna's Hummingbird to hide when he needs to and show off when it suits him.
  • 2. 8/3/2014 2 © Project SOUND Allen’s Hummingbird  Common in brushy woods, gardens & meadows of coastal California  Male highly aggressive and territorial. Hot- tempered despite its diminutive stature, a male Allen's Hummingbird will chase other males from its territory, as well as any other hummingbird species  Eats mainly nectar (occasionally eating spiders and insects it finds in flowers). The spiders and insects provide a source of protein.  Need nectar sources with high amounts of sugar to support their incredibly high metabolisms.  Must visit approximately one thousand flowers per day and needs to consume more than twice its own weight in nectar each day.  Has very general nesting requirements - will nest in trees, shrubs, or herbs. Nests are very small and tightly woven cups. http://hummingbirds.arizona.edu/Web%20pictures/Allen's%20male_salal_Melton.png http://www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com/allens_hummingbird_map.htm © Project SOUND Most hummingbird garden plans look something like this © Project SOUND http://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/huntingwildlifehabitat/landowners_guide/habitat_mgmt/backyard/Special_Gardens.htm Tohono Chul Park – Tucson AZ © Project SOUNDhttp://www.gogobot.com/tohono-chul-park-tucson-attraction http://arizonaforboomers.com/
  • 3. 8/3/2014 3  ‘This garden is planted with salvia, desert honeysuckle, desert willow and many other hummingbird- friendly plants.  Hummingbirds are drawn to sweet, flute-shaped flowers, which are perfect for the birds’ long, narrow beaks.  You’re sure to see a “hummer” flitting from flower to flower.’ © Project SOUND Tohono Chul –Hummingbird Garden http://sabinocanyonblog.blogspot.com/2009/03/whats-blooming-at-tohono-chul.html Even the restaurant attracts hummingbirds at Tohono Chul Park © Project SOUND http://www.soaznonprofits.org/tucsons-worst-best-kept-secret/ Site Map – front yard © Project SOUND garage house 40.5’ 40’ Site Map – front yard © Project SOUND garage house 10 ft 8 ft15 ft 6 ft 4
  • 4. 8/3/2014 4 Physical characteristics & constraints  Sandy loam soil – well-drained but dries quickly  Front yard – N-facing; back is S-facing and somewhat hot  Water Zones:  Front yard 2 to 2-3;  Back yard 1-2 to 2 © Project SOUND http://www.estately.com/listings/info/2062-w-234th-street Hummingbird needs in a nutshell  food—75% nectar, 25% protein from small insects and spiders and some pollen  water—they love to zip through moving water, such as a birdbath fountain, mist sprayer, or garden sprinkler  cover—from predators and for nesting (as well as nesting materials), and  perches—they spend 60–80% of each day perching, surveying their territory and dozing. © Project SOUND http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/ Anna's_Hummingbird_-_male_flying.jpg What expert California hummingbird gardeners have learned  Hummingbirds prefer a mixed diet of nectar from multiple sources.  Hummingbirds need a source of nectar throughout the season (choose plants with different bloom seasons).  A yard needs between 400 and 1000 flowers to support one bird. © Project SOUND Fortunately, most neighborhoods have at least some gardens with nectar plants What expert California hummingbird gardeners have learned  Attractive blooming plants should lean towards reds & purples  In addition to native plants, hummingbirds use common garden plants such as Fuchsia, Salvia, Nicotiana, Agastache, Bee Balm, Columbine, Scarlet Gilia , Hyssop, Pride of Madiera and Red Hot Poker.  Penstamons are especially attractive because of their high nectar content. © Project SOUND
  • 5. 8/3/2014 5 Plant characteristics: ‘Hummingbird Heaven’  Must attract hummingbirds  Bloom season through year (combination of plants)  Some evergreen background plants – at least in front yard  Use vertical space wisely  Shade tree for backyard  Bright colored flowers: reds, oranges, purples © Project SOUND http://www.estately.com/listings/info/2062-w-234th-street What expert California hummingbird gardeners have learned  Hummingbirds need safe places to perch & hide – dense trees and shrubs of any kind, including many CA native species  Hummingbirds prefer the native species for nesting. © Project SOUND © Project SOUND For the front yard, need to consider scale Front yard – need small ‘tree’ and some low evergreen shrubs as backdrop  Common evergreen choices – Water Zone 2 to 2-3  Manzanita (Arctostaphylos)  CA lilac (Ceanothus)  CA Coffeeberry  Hollyleaf redberry  Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis)  Lemonadeberry  Pacific wax myrtle – Myrica  Prunus ilicifolia  Pines/junipers © Project SOUND  Seasonally deciduous  Ribes  Sambucus
  • 6. 8/3/2014 6 Large (tree-like) Ceanothus  Ceanothus arboreus  Ceanothus ‘Ray Hartman’  Ceanothus ‘Trewethin Blue’  Ceanothus thyrsiflorus ‘Snow Flurry’ © Project SOUNDhttp://www.goldrushnursery.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.plantDetail/plant_id/130/index.htm http://www.contracosta.watersavingplants.com/eplant.php?plantnum=24340&return=l12 Tree-like manzanitas  Arctostaphylos glauca (and cultivars  A. ‘Lester Rowntree’  A. densiflora ‘Howard McMinn’  A. bakeri 'Louis Edmunds‘ © Project SOUND A. bakeri ‘Louis Edmunds’ http://www.californianativeplants.com/index.php/catalog/item/arctostaphylos-bakeri-louis- edmunds A. densiflora ‘Howard McMinn’ http://www.pacifichorticulture.org/articles/arctostaphylos-for-pacific-northwest-gardens/ Which ‘tree’: Manzanita or Ceanothus? Arctostaphylos (Manzanita)  Water Zone: 2  Winter-spring bloom  Small white-pink flowers  Wide range of sizes  More open habit  Long-lived once established  Excellent hummingbird plant Ceanothus (CA lilac)  Water Zone: 2  Spring bloom  Showy blue-purple flowers  Wide range of sizes  More dense  Shorter life in garden setting  Good hummingbird plant © Project SOUND Arctostaphylos ‘Lester Rowntree’ © Project SOUND http://www.cnps.org/cnps/grownative/tips/pruning03-levin.php Conclusion: perhaps a little out of scale - too large and heavy-looking for site
  • 7. 8/3/2014 7 © Project SOUND * Vine Hill Manzanita – Arctostaphylos densiflora © 2006 Steve Matson © Project SOUND Vine Hill Manzanita is a winner..  Size:  4-8 ft tall (cultivars somewhat outside this range)  4-6+ ft wide  Growth form:  Woody shrub; actual form depends on local conditions  Cultivars range from tree-form to low groundcover  Moderate growth rate  Bark an attractive red-brown  Foliage:  Evergreen  Leaves leathery, elliptic, upright, medium green http://www.elnativogrowers.com/images/Photos/arcdenhm_trunk.JPG http://farm1.static.flickr.com/171/419662011_8048513537.jpg?v=0 © Project SOUND An adaptable Manzanita  Soils:  Texture: quite adaptable – more so than other Manzanitas – takes clay soils  pH: any local; slightly acidic is best  Light:  Full sun to part-shade  Water:  Winter: tolerates seasonal flooding  Summer: likes to be fairly dry – Zone 1-2 to 2 once established  Fertilizer: likes poor soils; fine with organic mulch © Project SOUND Vine Hill manzanita  Train as an attractive tree  Use as a large accent shrub  Shear as a formal hedge – or leave it more informal  Some cultivars even make nice evergreen groundcovers ‘Howard McMinn’ cultivar http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/arcdenhm.htm http://www.nativeson.com/images/plants/arctostaphylossunset.jpg
  • 8. 8/3/2014 8 © Project SOUND ‘Sentinel’ cultivar  8-10 ft tall & ft wide; upright habit  Very ‘garden-tolerant’  One of the easiest Manzanitas to grow http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/arctostaphylos-densiflora-sentinel-manzanita © Project SOUND ‘Howard McMinn’ cultivar  5-8+ ft tall & wide  Readily available  Very tolerant of garden conditions; long-lived (50+ years)  Often trained as a small tree  ‘White Lanterns’ is more dense http://www.wildscaping.com/plants/plantprofiles/Arcto_HowardMcMinn.htm http://www.elnativogrowers.com/images/Photos/arcdenhm_lsp_shrub.JPG http://www.pacifichorticulture.org/articles/arctostaphylos-for-pacific-northwest-gardens/ Aesthetic and other considerations when choosing a manzanita  Open or dense growth pattern  Growth speed  Foliage color  Flower color  Size/color of fruits  ‘Garden hardiness’ – length of time used in gardens © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Vine Hill manzanita - too dense?
  • 9. 8/3/2014 9 © Project SOUND *Baker’s manzanita – Arctostaphylos bakeri  Narrow endemic – small area of Sonoma County  Rare/endangered in wild  Chaparral and woodlands, in open areas – generally on serpentine soils  First described by Alice Eastwood in 1934  Much debate on taxonomy  AKA Arctostaphylos stanfordiana bakeri © Project SOUND *Baker’s manzanita – Arctostaphylos bakeri ©1995 David Graber http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3449,3454,3457 © Project SOUND Small tree size  Size:  6-10 (usually 6-8) ft tall  6-8 ft wide  Growth form:  Large shrub/small tree  Upright & open – often used for shape  Nice branch structure – and dark (purple/brown) bark  Foliage:  Medium green  Leaves simple, oval, held mostly upright – may be rough or fuzzy http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arctostaphylos_bakeri#me diaviewer/File:Arctostaphylos_bakeri_ssp._bakeri_- _University_of_California_Botanical_Garden_-_DSC09037.JPG http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Arctostaphylos-bakeri/ © Project SOUND Manzanita flowers  Blooms: early spring – usually Feb-Mar in S. CA, but may be even earlier  Flowers:  Small, urn-shaped flowers  In dangling clusters  Pink (light to medium)  Attract hummingbirds and long-tongued butterflies, bees  Fruits:  Dryish red-brown drupe  Can be used to make ‘cider’, jelly, syrup, ‘mush’  Fruit-eating birds will take up the slack
  • 10. 8/3/2014 10 © Project SOUND Plant Requirements  Soils:  Texture: well-drained  pH: slightly acidic  Light:  Full sun to light shade  Water:  Winter: needs plenty – supplement as needed  Summer: needs some; Water Zone 2  Fertilizer:  none; likes poor soils  Thin organic mulch/leaf litter  Other:  Prune up when young if desired; remove dead branches©1995 David Graber Arctostaphylos bakeri ‘Louis Edmunds’  Natural variant from N. Coast introduced into gardens in 1962  Lg shrub/small tree - to 10 feet tall and will spread 6 – 8 feet.  Open habit; nice branch structure  Small light gray-green leaves.  Adapts to many climates; full sun to part- shade & tolerates more water than most manzanitas, but is drought tolerant  Excellent for a screen or as a focal point in almost any garden.  AKA Arctostaphylos stanfordiana bakeri 'Louis Edmonds' © Project SOUND http://plantplanet.wordpress.com/2010/12/29/005-arctostaphylos-bakeri-louis-edmunds-louis- edmunds-manzanita/ Why choose Manzanita cultivars?  Because they have better size, shape, color, etc.  Because they often are better adapted to garden conditions (and therefore more likely to thrive in your garden)  Garden tolerance - cultivars are often more tolerant of:  A little extra water  Soils that are not perfectly drained  Heat and cold  Salinity and higher pH © Project SOUND Which Manzanita to choose? ‘Howard McMinn’  Adaptable  Good track record in gardens  Available  Rather dense foliage ‘Louis Edmonds  Adaptable  Good track record in gardens  Available  More open foliage © Project SOUND
  • 11. 8/3/2014 11 Tohono Chul – open shade with flowers © Project SOUND http://davidandlindab.blogspot.com/2011/04/tohono-chul-park.html Island Alumroot – Heuchera maxima J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Growth requirements – Island Alumroot  Sun: Full sun on the coast, part shade anywhere  Soils:  Any well-drained – sandy is best  Any pH except very acidic  Nutrients: organic supplements, mulches are useful  Water:  regular water to establish  two to four times a month (especially in summer and at inland locations) to keep plants looking green and lengthen bloom.  Are fairly drought tolerant in shady sites – just look a little raggedy with summer drought  Maintenance:  Mulch  Remove dead foliage  Divide every 3-5 years – when flowering decreases http://www.gardenbuddies.com/forum/messages/4314/6145.html © Project SOUND Remember, Manzanitas are slow-growing And our Heucheras will need some shade
  • 12. 8/3/2014 12 © Project SOUND We’ll need a temporary groundcover © Project SOUND That’s better © Project SOUND The end result will be lovely and neat © Project SOUND
  • 13. 8/3/2014 13 Fortunately, we have the ‘Ceanothus list’ © Project SOUND Groundcover ceanothus  * * Ceanothus “Joyce Coulter’  * * Ceanothus ‘Centennial’  ** Ceanothus gloriosus ‘Blue Jeans’  ** Ceanothus maritimus ‘Frosty Dawn’  ** Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens ‘Ken Taylor’  ** Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens ‘Louis Edmunds’  Likely others if we asked a Theodore Payne Foundation or Tree of Life Nursery © Project SOUND Groundcover ceanothus: several choices © Project SOUND Ceanothus “Joyce Coulter’ http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/ceanothus-joyce-coulter Ceanothus ‘Centennial’ http://www.monrovia.com/plant-catalog/plants/3260/centennial-hybrid-wild-lilac/ Ceanothus griseus horizontalis ‘Yankee Point’ – trimmed low http://www.landscapestandards.com/index.php?title=Lawn_Alternatives Managing our low-growing ceanothus  Many groundcover species flower only once a year, in spring.  Everything that has flowered should be pruned immediately afterwards to keep the growth compact  All spring-flowering species should absolutely not be pruned in the autumn or winter or few flowers will be evident the following spring. © Project SOUND
  • 14. 8/3/2014 14 © Project SOUND Those tropical shrubs have gotta go… Carex ‘lawn’ © Project SOUND * Rose Meadowsweet – Spiraea splendens ©2011 Kelsey Byers © Project SOUND Rose Meadowsweet: a garden favorite  In woodland garden with others that like a little moisture  As a groundcover under trees  In large containers – accent  In a butterfly garden Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database http://www.nwplants.com/business/catalog/spi_spl.html Photo credit: cascade hiker / Foter / CC BY-NC-SA © Project SOUND
  • 15. 8/3/2014 15 © Project SOUND You’ve probably noticed …. … that this month’s garden is very different from the garden we designed last month Tohono Chul (and other famous gardens) use an ancient design trick: repetition © Project SOUND http://www.gogobot.com/tohono-chul-park-tucson-attraction http://sabinocanyonblog.blogspot.com/2009/03/whats-blooming-at-tohono-chul.html  Definition: Repeating visual elements such as line, color, shape, texture, value or image  When applied to garden plants often referred to as ‘mass plantings’ Repetition © Project SOUND http://www.botanicaatlanta.com/Formal%20Italian%20Garden.jpg  Used: where ever design plays a role, from photography & painting to design of all types including garden design  Why done:  To unify the total effect: provide sense of consistency  To create rhythm – sense of movement as your eye follows the pattern  Often occurs in nature – part of why we find it pleasing  Too much repetition can be boring Massed plantings  Advantages  Look glorious when in bloom – one of the showiest ways to garden - repetition  Fewer plant species to choose  More focused maintenance  Disadvantages  More difficult to get year- round color/flowers  May be hard to get enough plants of a given species  Risk of die-off on a massive scale  Less ecological in many cases © Project SOUND http://plantlust.com/plants/zauschneria-californica/images/28093/ http://gardendesigninc.com/gardendesignblog/?cat=23
  • 16. 8/3/2014 16 What expert California hummingbird gardeners have learned  Repetition works : use clusters of colorful blooms – easier for hummingbirds to spot the flowers  Contrast is also needed:  Layering blooms:  Tallest plants in back or in the center if it is accessible around the circumference of the garden. An example: Phlox  Middle size plants in the middle. An example: Bee Balm  Small plants in the front. An example: Salvia Sage  Color contrasts: © Project SOUND © Project SOUND * Nettle-leaf Giant Hyssop – Agastache urticifolia © 2004, Ben Legler © Project SOUND Giant Hyssop is easy to grow  Soils:  Texture: just about any well- drained soil  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun to part-shade  Will attract more pollinators in sunny spot  Water:  Winter: needs water; winter flooding is fine  Summer: likes a bit of summer water Zone 2 or 2-3 – good under a birdbath  Fertilizer: not picky – fine with organic mulch  Other: spread slowly via rhizomes © Project SOUND Giant Hyssop adds a pastel element to the summer garden  In mixed perennial beds – even mixed with non-natives  In areas with overspray from lawns, near fountains  In the vegetable garden or home orchard – fine with morning sun  Nice addition to a woodland garden – plant in sunny patches  Great bee plant – produces a light, minty-flavored honey  One of the best additions to the butterfly garden http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qxNbk1BRhPMJ:forums.gardenweb.com/forums/load/salvia/msg021927179459.html+Agastache+urticifolia+propag ation&cd=29&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
  • 17. 8/3/2014 17 Horticultural Agastache increase our options © Project SOUND Agastache cana ‘Sinning’ Agastache cana Agastache rupestris ‘Sunset’ Agastache urticifolia © Project SOUND Hybrid Agastache adds both repetition & contrast Verbena bonariensis is a staple of hummingbird gardens © Project SOUND http://www.deborahsilver.com/blog/a-particular-planting/hudas-05-27/ Comes from South America The Verbenas: family Verbenaceae  ~ 75 genera and 3,000 species  Includes herbs, shrubs, and trees  Mostly from tropical and warm temperate regions.  Heads/spikes/clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell  Well-known examples”  Teak -Tectona grandis (wood)  Verbena/Vervain  Lantana  Lippia or Frog Fruit  Chase Tree (Vitex) © Project SOUND http://delawarewildflowers.org/images/verbena_hastata.jpg http://www.easttennesseewildflowers.com/gallery/var/albums/Texas09/Copy_of_Lantana_TX1.jp g?m=1348906529
  • 18. 8/3/2014 18 Verbenas as often massed in gardens © Project SOUNDhttp://powellgardens.blogspot.com/2010/10/reflections-of-grand-growing-season.html Is there a native verbena we could use? © Project SOUND *Southwest mock verbena – Glandularia gooddingii http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=GLGO  Eastern Mojave desert foothills; ne Sonoran Desert to UT, AZ, NM to n. Mexico  Sandy soils, washes, rocky slopes, 1200–2000 m. (4000-6500 ft.) © Project SOUND *Southwest mock verbena – Glandularia gooddingii http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?GLGO http://www.delange.org/Verbena/Verbena.htm © Project SOUND Glandularia gooddingii – verbena-like for certain  Size:  1-2 ft tall  2-4 ft wide  Growth form:  Herbaceous/part-woody perennial  Mounded, groundcover-like habit  Moderate growth rate; lives 3-5 years (replace when needed)  Near evergreen with a little summer water  Foliage:  Pale/medium green  Variable leaves – somewhat chrysanthemum-like
  • 19. 8/3/2014 19 © Project SOUND Flower-garden flowers  Blooms:  in spring – usually Apr-June  Flowering season depends on moisture  Flowers:  Violet or pale pink-purple  In dense clusters at tops of stalks  Very attractive – and also attract hummingbirds and butterflies  Seeds:  Plant untreated seeds in winter  Needs light to germinate  Best seeded in place  Will reseed if happy http://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/1163/glandularia-gooddingii-southwestern-mock-vervain/ © Project SOUND Plant Requirements  Soils:  Texture: well-drained a must  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun to part-shade; good heat tolerance  Water:  Winter: needs adequate; supplement if needed  Summer: best with occasional summer water – Water Zone 2 to keep green, blooming  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils  Other:  No/inorganic mulch for reseeding  Light pruning (deadheading) after flowering http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=GLGO © Project SOUND Groundcover/fill  Groundcover under trees  Along walkways, patios  As an attractive pot plant  In mixed planter beds  In habitat, desert or rock gardens ©2010 James M. Andre http://www.amwua.org/pictures/gc-v-gooddingii-1.jpg http://www.landscape-resources.com/portfolio/groundcoversx/pages/Verbena%20gooddingii- 1.htm © Project SOUND Add the Mock verbena & replace a shrub… Ribes
  • 20. 8/3/2014 20 © Project SOUND And our front yard looks pretty good Front (Water Zone 2 to 2-3) – N = 7 species Winter-spring Spring-summer Summer-fall Trees Arctostaphylos bakeri ‘Louis Edmunds’ Large shrubs Ribes (malvaceum; sanguineum) Smaller shrubs Spiraea splendens Groundcover Heuchera cv Ceanothus cv Glandularia gooddingii Heuchera cv Glandularia gooddingii Other Agastache rupestris ‘Sunset’ Agastache rupestris ‘Sunset’ © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Now it’s time to tackle the backyard Here’s the site map for backyard © Project SOUND porch house Vegetable/Annuals 36 ft 38ft N
  • 21. 8/3/2014 21 © Project SOUND *Desert-willow – Chilopsis linearis http://www.pssc.ttu.edu/techhort/PLANTID/desert/dsrtwllw.htm © Project SOUND Desert Willow is a small, deciduous tree or large shrub  Size:  15-30 ft tall  15-25 ft wide  Growth form:  Naturally grows with several trunks – can be trained to single  Open structure; graceful looking  Branches droop as they age  Old bark has fissures  Foliage:  Bright green glossy leaves  Winter-deciduous (Nov-spring)  Fast growing – to 3 ft/year http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=21922 We do have room for the Desert Willow © Project SOUND porch house Vegetable/Annuals N 6’ 4’ © Project SOUND Plant Requirements  Soils:  Texture: any well-drained; can’t take very wet soils  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun best  Light shade ok  Water:  Regular water first 2 years; no flooding  Zone 2; deep water when soil is dry  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils  Other: can tolerate extreme heathttp://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Chilopsis_linearis.html
  • 22. 8/3/2014 22 © Project SOUND Flowers are like orchids  Blooms:  Long bloom period  usually Apr-Aug/Sept. in S. CA  Flowers:  Like an orchid or Catalpa  Extremely showy – tropical- or Mediterranean-looking  Light fragrance – somewhat like violets  Nectar attracts hummingbirds & bees  Seeds:  In long, thin pods  Tan pods remain on tree through winter http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=21931 http://www.smugmug.com/gallery/1788381_t5i7e/1/91507869_yreg7#91507869_yreg7 © Project SOUND Common cultivars  If you're looking for a specific flower color, shop now while the trees are in still in bloom.  Named cultivars are propagated vegetatively and are consistent in their flower characteristics.  Look for a tree with good vigor and a profusion of blooms in the color you like. ‘Lucretia Hamilton’ http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/procee dings1999/v4-436.html ‘Burgandy’ ‘Warren Jones’ http://www.flickr.com/photos/vsny/2530579994/ © Project SOUND The Desert willow is perfect for the backyard © Project SOUND Coyote Mint – Monardella villosa http://drystonegarden.com/index.php/2010/08/august-bloom-day/
  • 23. 8/3/2014 23 © Project SOUND Coyote Mint  Soils:  Texture: any well-drained  Light: full sun to part shade  Water:  Winter: don’t let it get too wet  Summer: best with slightly damp to slightly dry sandy soil; don’t over- water – will make it leggy and decrease it’s lifespan  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils  Other:  Pinch tips to promote fuller growth  Shear back to about 1/3 of it’s volume in fall/winter If the plant loses its leaves to drought during the hot months, it will leaf out again with rain and cooler weather. So far, so good: all plants are hummingbird magnets © Project SOUND porch house Vegetable/Annuals N 6’ 4’ Medium or large shrubs needed to block the view © Project SOUND © Project SOUND We envision something like this
  • 24. 8/3/2014 24 © Project SOUND * Baja Fairyduster – Calliandra californica © Project SOUND Baja fairyduster has a Baja look…  Size:  4-8 ft tall; may be more  4-5 ft wide; sprawls  Growth form:  Evergreen woody shrub (may lose leaves when stressed)  Many crossing branches – airy look; sprawls  Foliage:  Bright green  Many small leaflets; lacy/ferny look  Unique and pretty; doesn’t look like a drought-tolerant plant  Larval food for Marine Blue http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/calcal.htm We’ve got plenty of room along the back fence © Project SOUND porch house Vegetable/Annuals N 6’ 4’ What expert California hummingbird gardeners have learned  Narrow gardens are better. It’s easier for hummingbirds to access the garden from either side.  Curving flower beds work also. These allow approach from all sides. Because hummingbirds are territorial, it’s better if they can zip down into the garden quickly before the competitor gets a chance to take over. © Project SOUND
  • 25. 8/3/2014 25 © Project SOUND Something smaller and shrubby in front © Project SOUND *Rose/Blue Sage – Salvia pachyphylla ©2008 Curtis Croulet  S High Sierras, Tehachapi Mountain Area, San Bernardino Mountains, Peninsular Ranges, Desert Mountains  Dry slopes, pinyon/juniper to yellow-pine forest, 5,000 to 10,000 ft (1,500 to 3,000 m) usually in decomposed granite © Project SOUND *Rose/Blue Sage – Salvia pachyphylla ©2008 Curtis Croulet http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?4745,4865,4883 http://prairiebreak.blogspot.com/2013/09/santa-rosa-mountain-or-bust.html © Project SOUND Rose sage: one of our prettiest Salvias  Size:  2-3 ft tall  2-3 ft wide  Growth form:  Mounded sub-shrub  Very dense branch pattern  Fairly fast growth  Foliage:  Pale green to gray-green – depends on light, water  Leaves spoon-shaped  Aromatic on touch – like a sweet White Sage scent ©2008 Curtis Croulet
  • 26. 8/3/2014 26 © Project SOUND Flowers are fantastic  Blooms: summer/fall – usually May-Aug/Sept. at our elevation  Flowers:  Violet-blue flowers surrounded by bright magenta bracts ; lovely  Plants literally covered with blooming stalks – makes other Salvias jealous!  Attract hummingbirds, bees, butterflies ©2006 Steven Thorsted ©2011 Steven Thorsted © Project SOUND Plant Requirements  Soils:  Texture: well-drained a must  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun to part-shade (under high canopy)  Tolerates heat  Water:  Winter: needs adequate  Summer: none to occasional (better) in well-drained soils – Water Zone 1-2.  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils. Light organic or inorganic mulch  Other: prune in fall as with other native Salvias©2011 Steven Thorsted © Project SOUND Queen of the garden http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/salvia-pachyphylla http://acantholimon.blogspot.com/2014/03/plant-select-super-xerics.html Salvia pachyphylla ‘Blue Flame’  Lush flowers are offset by mid-green foliage. Expect to fall in love with it  Does well in dry, gravelly gardens as a groundcover, border or pathway edging, native Southwestern gardens  36 inches tall and 24 inches wide  Flowers summer to fall attracting butterflies, honeybees. Hummingbirds  Available from High County Gardens (order on-line) © Project SOUND http://www.highcountrygardens.com/perennial- plants/salvia/salvia-pachyphylla-blue-flame
  • 27. 8/3/2014 27 Salvia pachyphylla ‘Mulberry Flambe’  ‘Dark, mulberry-purple bracts and blue flowers held over pure silver, evergreen foliage.’  High Country Gardens © Project SOUND http://www.highcountrygardens.com/perennial-plants/salvia/salvia- pachyphylla-mulberry-flambe Two similar appearing alternatives  Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’ (English Lavender)  Blooms: mid- to late summer  Full sun; well-drained soils  Occasional/medium (Water Zone 2 to 2-3)  Prune back to 8” every 2-3 years  Salvia leucantha ‘Santa Barbara’ & ‘Santa Barbara dwarf’ - (Mexican Sage)  Blooms: year-round (or almost so); great hummingbird plant  Full sun/ well-drained soils  Occasional water (Water Zone 2)  Prune like native Salvias © Project SOUND English Lavender ‘Hidcote’ http://www.americanmeadows.com/perennials/lav ender/lavender-hidcote Salvia Leucantha ‘Santa Barbara’ Masses of purple from late spring to fall © Project SOUND porch house Vegetable/Annuals N Now we need some contrast © Project SOUND
  • 28. 8/3/2014 28 © Project SOUND Scarlet Bugler – Penstemon centranthifolius http://www.researchlearningcenter.org/bloom/species/Penstemon_centranthifolius.htm © Project SOUND Flowers are showy  Blooms: mid- to late spring - usually Apr-June in our area, but may be later.  Flowers:  Bright red to red-orange (less common) – glow in the sun  Narrow, tubular shape – hummingbird flower  Along tall, rather narrow flowering stalks – somewhat like large Heuchera  Long-lasting & showy http://homepage.mac.com/cjbowdish/ManzanaTrailandFigueroaMtMay2008/ © Project SOUND Penstemons shine in dry areas  Dry hillsides; lovely massed  With local native grasses  Paired with Salvias, other penstemons  Under oaks or other water- wise trees & shrubs http://xasauantoday.com/2009/05/04/spring-at-the-indians/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/amarguy/2388294009/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/12205793@N04/5116623276/ Penstemon ‘Garnet’ (syn. ‘Andenken an Friedrich Hahn’)  A fast grower as well as reliable bloomer, ‘Garnet’ can reach 3’ high and 2’ across. The slender ruby- colored stems bear narrow, toothed green leaves and garnet- colored flowers from June to October; individual blossoms have a white throat marked with thin, red lines. The outermost flowering stems, heavy with blossom, often arch away from the center of the plant making it an elegant selection for containers. One of the hardiest hybrids, it persists longer than most in a favorable site © Project SOUND
  • 29. 8/3/2014 29 We need a fall-blooming orange flower © Project SOUND porch house Vegetable/Annuals N California Fuschia – Epilobium canum CA Fuschia – Epilobium canum  Formerly Zauschneria californica  Western U.S. from Wyoming to Baja  In southern CA  Away from immediate coast in drier areas of Coastal Sage Scrub, Chaparral, Southern Oak Woodlands  Dry areas, rocky slopes & cliffs  Also in mountain pine forests http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5263,5410,5414 Very showy flowers  Trumpet-shaped, orange-red flowers with extended anther, stamens  Flowers on short stems from vertical stems  Hummingbird pollinated  Flowers also attract butterflies
  • 30. 8/3/2014 30 Horticultural requirements for CA Fuschia  Soils:  Texture: sand to clay – very tolerant  pH: any, including alkali  Nutrients: low needs  Sun:  Full sun to part shade  Ok under open trees  Water:  Little to moderate water once established  Tolerates seasonal flooding  Pruning:  Cut back in late winter – can cut back to ground  Can pinch back terminal buds for fuller appearance Multiplies by seeds and spreading roots Isolation breeds variability  Island variant (top)  Foliage more gray-green  Blooms fall/winter (Sept.- Jan.)  Peninsula variant (bottom)  Foliage more bright green  Blooms in summer/fall (Aug.-Oct.) http://nnvesj.org/Y04/Ed13/NativeGarden2.htm Epilobium canum ‘Uvas Canyon’  Upright habit to ~ 20”  Moderate to regular water  Very grey fuzzy foliage  Hot red-orange flowers that flower for many weeks in early fall © Project SOUND http://camissonia.blogspot.com/2011/11/california-fuchsias-red-hot-hotties-in.html Epilobium septentrionalis 'Select Mattole'  Selected from a rock outcrop along the Mattole River in Humboldt County  Dense, silvery leaves offset tubular scarlet late summer blooms.  Best with sun/part-shade and occasional to regular water.  Beautiful amid grasses or along a wall where it can spill down. © Project SOUND http://www.yerbabuenanursery.com/viewplant.php?pid=901
  • 31. 8/3/2014 31 Epilobium canum ‘Western Hills’  Zauschneria ‘Western Hills’ makes an upright, shrubby plant, to 70cm, clothed in small grey-green leaves. The orange-red trumpet, produced in a long succession, are held well above the foliage on twiggy stems. I’ve planted it in the dry garden next to the dusky pink flowered Origanum ‘Santa Cruz’. © Project SOUND http://lambley.com.au/garden-notes/californian-plants-for-an-australian-dry-garden We finally have a plan for the backyard © Project SOUND porch house Vegetable/Annuals N 6’ 4’ Back yard (Water Zone 1-2 to 2) – 7+ species Winter-spring Spring-summer Summer-fall Trees Chilopsis linearis Large shrubs Calliandra californica Smaller shrubs Salvia leucantha Penstemon centranthifolius; Salvia pachyphylla Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’ Salvia leucantha Salvia leucantha Groundcover Monardella villosa Other Wildflowers Epilobium canum © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Other annuals & biennials that are particularly attractive to hummingbirds Circium occidentale Clarkia unguiculata Collinsia heterophylla Lupinus species Oenothera elata Annual Salvias http://www.calfloranursery.com/pages_whatsnew/whatsnewmay07.html
  • 32. 8/3/2014 32 The main back yard hummingbird haven © Project SOUND  Provides good habitat & design  Uses vertical space to provide interest and habitat  Uses repetition in shrubs and smaller plants  Uses contrast: size; foliage color; flower color  Provides interest and hummingbird food year-round © Project SOUND The hummingbird habitat: not just pretty red flowers…  A hummingbird-friendly garden requires five key elements to provide good hummingbird habitat  Nectar-producing flowers  Insects  Water  Perching places  Nest sites http://www.morrocoastaudubon.org/pics/alhumas.jpg © Project SOUND Gardening for hummingbird habitat  Place plants in several locations. This will allow more hummingbirds and minimize territorial fighting  Fill as much of your yard as possible with flowering plants, vines, shrubs, and trees. If you do not have a garden, even a window box or hanging basket can attract hummingbirds!  Plant clusters of the same species together.  Plant flowers with different blooming times to provide nectar throughout the seasons.  Minimize or avoid using herbicides or pesticides on or near those plants where butterflies and hummingbirds are feeding. © Project SOUND More tips: Gardening for Hummingbird habitat  Create both sun and shade area in your hummingbird garden. Your hummingbird flowers will need sun to grow and your hummingbirds will need the shade to perch in between feedings.  Be sure to position your hummingbird garden where you can see it and get the most enjoyment out of it.  Hummers spend nearly 80 percent of their time resting, so you also will want to provide plenty of places to perch. They'll sit on twigs, leaf stems, fences, etc..  Mature trees and shrubs with a thick canopy are important nesting and escape features. Shrubs, bushes and perennials not only provide food but can also provide perching and nesting sites and, in some cases, escape features the bird will use. Trees and shrubs don’t necessarily need to be huge to provide good hummingbird habitat