1. In-text Citations & Paraphrasing
How do I set up my notecards?
Direct Quote, Summary &
Paraphrasing Examples

2. Citing a
Direct Quote Air Attacks
“The key to the mission was the
innovative idea of combining an aircraft
carrier with the Billys. Japan assumed
itself safe from air threats because
land-based U.S. Army aircraft couldn’t
reach the homeland from Hawaii or
Midway” (Bradley 102).
When you have text that
you want to quote directly,
follow these steps:
 Copy the quote word-
for-word, using the
exact same
punctuation, spelling,
etc.
 Attribute the author
and the page number
directly after the
quoted text.
Works Cited
Bradley, James. Flyboys: A True Story
of Courage. Little Brown and
Company; New York, 2003.
Topic of card

3. Direct Quote
w/Author in text Air Attacks
According to Bradley “the key to the
mission was the innovative idea of
combining an aircraft carrier with the
Billys” (102).
When you have text that
you want to quote directly
but you attribute the
author in the quote, follow
these steps:
 Copy the quote word-
for-word, using the
exact same
punctuation, spelling,
etc. after your
attribution.
 Attribute only the page
number directly after
the quoted text.
Works Cited
Bradley, James. Flyboys: A True Story
of Courage. Little Brown and
Company; New York, 2003.
Author name here, not
needed in p.r.
Topic

4. Summary Card
Text:
On December 21, 1941, just two weeks almost to the hour
after Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt welcomed his
military brain trust into his private study on the second floor
of the White House. FDR’s “Big Three” consisted of General
George Marshall, the starchy army chief of staff; General
Henry “Hap” Arnold, the genial chief of staff of the army of
air forces; and Admiral Ernest King, the imperious chief of
naval operations. These masters of land, air, and sea were
prepared to request troops and equipment (Bradley 98).
Sometimes you will have a
large amount of information
that you want to
summarize:
 Read the passage
carefully.
 Summarize, or condense,
the information, leaving
out minor details.
 Focus on the main ideas.
 Attribute the author and
page number directly
after the summarized
text.
Works Cited
Bradley, James. Flyboys: A True Story
of Courage. Little Brown and
Company; New York, 2003.
Roosevelt’s Plan
In response to the attack on Pearl Harbor,
President Roosevelt assembled his top three
advisors to begin planning the U.S.
counterattack (Bradley 98).
Topic
Summary

5. Text:
Japan assumed itself safe from air
threats because land-based U.S. Army
aircraft couldn’t reach the homeland
from Hawaii or Midway.
Air Attacks
Because U.S. aircraft were grounded
Japan thought air attacks weren’t
likely (Bradley 102).
Paraphrased Card
 When you have text
that you paraphrase,
follow these steps:
 Read the quote, then
put the quote in your
own words.
 Do not just choose a
few words to change!!
 Attribute the author
and the page number
directly after the
quoted text.
Works Cited
Bradley, James. Flyboys: A True Story
of Courage. Little Brown and
Company; New York, 2003.

6. Practice
Paraphrasing
 Read the text to the
right.
 Then read the sample
paraphrase below.
 Is this is a good
example of
paraphrasing?
 Why or why not?
Text
The General Assembly should act to allow judges to
impose capital punishment without requiring all 12
jurors to agree on death. All 12 should agree on guilt,
but the penalty phase should be a simple
recommendation to the judge who could impose the
appropriate penalty (Wooten).
Decision on Punishment
The state government should make a law so that
judges can decide the death penalty without 12 jurors
agreeing. The jurors should all agree the criminal is
guilty, but the final punishment should be left up to
the judge (Wooten).
Works Cited
Wooten, Jim. “Death Penalty: Fix What’s Broken.”
Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Atlanta, GA). 15
Dec 2008: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 07 Oct
2010.

7. Practice
Paraphrasing
 Read the text to the
right.
 Then read the sample
paraphrase below.
 Is this is a good
example of
paraphrasing?
 Why or why not?
Original Paragraph
The General Assembly should act to allow judges to
impose capital punishment without requiring all 12
jurors to agree on death. All 12 should agree on guilt,
but the penalty phase should be a simple
recommendation to the judge who could impose the
appropriate penalty (Wooten).
Decision on Punishment
Laws should be changed so that once jurors have
unanimously determined a person’s guilt, the decision
to charge capital punishment should be determined by
the judge, not the jury (Wooten).
Works Cited
Wooten, Jim. “Death Penalty: Fix What’s Broken.”
Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Atlanta, GA). 15
Dec 2008: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 07 Oct
2010.

8. Works Cited
Bradley, James. Flyboys: A True Story of Courage. Little Brown &
Company; New York, 2003.
The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 2010. Web. 07 Oct 2010.
Wooten, Jim. "Death Penalty: Fix What's Broken." Atlanta Journal-
Constitution (Atlanta, GA). 15 Dec 2008: n.p. SIRS Researcher.
Web. 07 Oct 2010.