Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership – registered charity Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by BMGF, DFID and EC. Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers

1. Samuel A. Adediran
Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed)
People, their livestock, livelihood
and diseases: complexity of
interrelationships.
East and Southern African Dairy Association
(ESADA), Nairobi, 23-25 September 2015

2. Slide 2
Pathogen flow at Wildlife – livestock-
human interphase – Jones et. al. 2013
Complex demographics, lifestyle,
production systems, influence
Livestock-Human disease
relationships.
Outlines
• GALVmed – background
• Livestock and people
• Diseases and food safety
• Stakeholders roles

3. GALVmed - Who we are
Slide 3
• Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation
• A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership – registered charity
• Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by
BMGF, DFID and EC.
• Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference
in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers

4. GALVmed - What we do & How we work
Slide 4
We support
development and
encourage adoption
of animal health
solutions by persons
for whom livestock is
a LIFELINE. We do
this by intervention in
all necessary links
of the livestock
value chain.

5. Slide 5
• 60-70% of world rural poor depend on Livestock (FAO, 2010)
• Livelihood of ~1 Billion in Africa & Asia – 60% women
• Agriculture provides ~30% GDP & Livestock 10 - 40% of it.
• Milk, meat, and eggs currently provide around 13% global
Energy and 28% protein
Livestock and Nutrition security
Background
Livestock can be a
strategic intervention in
the poverty alleviation.
Animal Diseases is a great threat to the livelihood
of a billion persons

6. Population dynamics & animal protein
demand
.
• Expected growth of the world population from 7.2 billion to
9.6 billion by 2050
• Compared to consumption levels in 2010, by 2050 demand
• Beef, dairy products and mutton by 80-100 percent; and
• Poultry meat is projected to increase by 170 percent:
and
• Pork and eggs need increase by 65-70 percent.
Great opportunities for value chain partners

7. Slide 7
Drivers of improved livestock production
• Genetic Improvement, including
biotechnology – GMO’s
Management
• Intensification in production
systems
• Improved feeding
• Veterinary drugs

8. Slide 8
Productivity gains
• Mean milk yield/cow increased 3,400 (1962) to ~ 8,000
kg (2010).
• Egg production/bird increased fourfold 300-350/yr
• Broiler birds attained slaughter weight of 5-7 kg in a third
of the time required to do so thirty years ago.

9. Slide 9
20-38% lameness incidence rate reported in intensive dairy
systems with 10-15% access to pasture.
Increasing incidence of mastitis.
Reduced fertility
Acidosis in grain fed cattle
BSE - Mad Cow disease
Some key Health issues – Dairy Cows
Source: Espejo et al. 2006) EU, Clarkson et al., 1996). 1 Cook (2003)

10. Slide 10
• Anti-social tendencies e.g. pecking, fighting and
cannibalism in caged birds.
• Physiological deformities.
• High growth rate and fat deposits.
Some key Health issues – Poultry

11. Slide 11
The greatest burden of zoonotic disease falls on the poorest
livestock keepers, with 2.3 billion human illness and 2.2 million
human deaths/y esp in countries with large pastoral populations
(e.g. Ethiopia, Tanzania, Nigeria, India (ILRI).
• Many animal and human diseases can be exchanged via
zoonotic (animal to human) or anthroponotic (human to
animal) transmission.
Complex relationship and Zoonosis.

12. Slide 12
Zoonosis – Impact on the poor
• Out of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61%
were zoonotic.
• Of nearly 335 emerging Infectious Diseases identified in
humans since 1940, three-quarters are zoonotic,
including HIV, Ebola, SARS, RVF, Blue Tongue, ECF
and avian influenza.
• “Physiological pathogens”

13. Slide 13
Intensification & Lifestyle diseases
• Increasing incidence of obesity and Cardiovascular
diseases due to high consumption of high saturated fatty
foods of animal origin such as fatty red meat and
cheeses.
• Low doses Antibiotic in feed upsets gut bacteria
composition & increase fat deposits.
• Feeding of aflatoxin contaminated cereals & higher
incidence of cancer in high grain consuming SSA
countries.

14. Role for all stakeholders
• Integrated collaborative R&D.
• Producer & consumer awareness
• Human capital & Infrastructures development –– Diagnostics labs, Geo-
spatial tools, ICT, Traceability,.
• Veterinary oversight, Regulation by Collective Action Organisations
(Veterinary & Farmers/pastoral assoc. – effective surveillance,
• Public & private sector participation
Balancing Production with Food safety

15. Slide 15
• Complex relationship between livestock- human &
environment.
• Application of existing knowledge can prevent future loses.
• Correlation between animal health and human health calls
for global One Health approach.
• Build critical infrastructure today to safeguard the future.
• Costs of prevention is much lower than treatment.
• Multidisciplinary Collaboration efforts - working locally,
nationally, and globally—to attain optimal health for people,
animals and the environment.
Conclusions
One Health agenda – Healthy livestock for healthy people

16. Slide 16
Thank You

17. Globalisation Urbanisation & animal protein
demand
.
Cattle - 1.5 billion to 2.6 billion and
Sheep and goats - 1.7 billion to 2.7 billion (FAO 2009).
The average global temperature is on track to increase by
several degrees Celsius by the end of
century (IPCC 2007).
Together, these projections portend problems for the
incidence and transmission of diseases that thrive in
overpopulated, warm environments.