1. Semantic Decision Rule Markup
Language – SDRule-ML V1.0
Yan Tang Demey
2012
26/10/2012 | pag. 1

2. SDRule-L
• FOL Rule-ML + ORM-ML + some
extensions
• Examples are taken from
– Terry Halpin and Tony Morgan, Information Modeling and
Relational Databases. Second Edition. With Tony Morgan.
Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 978-0-12-373568-3.
– Yan Tang and Robert Meersman, SDRule Markup Language:
Towards Modeling and Interchanging Ontological
Commitments for Semantic Decision Making, Chapter V
(Section I) in Handbook of Research on Emerging Rule-Based
Languages and Technologies: Open Solutions and Approaches,
IGI Publishing, ISBN: 1-60566-402-2, USA, 2009
26/10/2012 | pag. 2

3. SDRule-ML XSD
• SDRule – XML Root
• Object: lexon term
• Predicate: lexon
• Constraint
• Rule: any Rule in FOL
• Cluster: a set of lexons
• Sequence: a sequence of role
execution
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4. SDRule-ML XSD
A lexon
(binary fact
type) is a
predicate
Constraint
on lexon
Any rules
in FOL
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5. SDRule-ML XSD
Any rules
in FOL
Ref: RuleML FOL
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6. SDRule-ML XSD
A cluster is
a set of
lexons
Sequence
of roles in
fact types
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7. An Example of Lexon
• Person was born in Country Verbalization
• Country is a birth place of Person
In the XML
file
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8. An example of
objectification
• Student is enrolled in Course
• Course enrols Student
• This Enrolment is resulted in Grade
• Grade is a result of this Enrolment
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9. An example of uniqueness
constraint
• Person has Gender
• Each Person has at most one Gender
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10. An example of mandatory
constraint
• Person was born in Country
• Each Person was born in at least one
Country
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11. An example of exclusion
• Person has Wife
• Person has Husband
• No Person has Wife, and also has Husband
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12. An example of inclusive-or
constraint
• Visitor has Driver’s Licence
• Visitor has Passport
• Each Visitor either has Driver’s Licence, or has Passport,
or both
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13. An example of exclusive-or
• Person accept Gift
• Person refuse Gift
• Each Person either accept Gift, or refuse Gift, but not
both
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14. An example of subtype
• Wife is a Person
• Husband is a Person
26/10/2012 | pag. 14

15. An example of subset
• Person do Sport
• Person play Golf
• If some Person play some Golf, then that Person do some
Sport
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16. An example of value (I)
• Dress has Colour
• The value range of Colour is {'Red', 'Blue',
'Yellow', 'Black', 'White', 'Pink', 'Brown',
'Green'}
26/10/2012 | pag. 16

17. An example of value (II)
• Thermometer has Thermometer Value
• The value range of Thermometer Value is
[-20, 100]
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18. An example of frequency (I)
• Room has Thermometer
• Each Room has 2 Thermometer
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19. An example of frequency (II)
• Room has Thermometer
• Each Room has <2 Thermometer
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20. An example of frequency (II)
• Room has Thermometer
• Each Room has >=2 Thermometer
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21. An example of cluster
• Working contains fact types{
Person works for Company
Person has Salary
}
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22. An example of cluster II
• People execute Task of Handling Phone
• Task of Handling Phone is executed by People
• Task of Handling Phone contains fact types {
Secretary picks up Phone
Secretary answers Phone
}
26/10/2012 | pag. 22

23. An example of equivalence
• Person works for Company
• Person has Salary
• Person works for Company if and only if this
Person has Salary
26/10/2012 | pag. 23

24. An example of negation
• Person accept Request
• Person accept no Request
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25. An example of implication
• Driver has License
• Driver has Driver’s License
• If Driver has Driver’s License,
then this Driver has License
26/10/2012 | pag. 25

26. An example of sequence
• Manager receive Customer Request
• Manager verify Customer Request
• Manager receive Customer Request
before Manager verify Customer Request
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27. Two examples of multi-
subtype dependency (MSTD)
• All subtypes from Order Manager in the context identified with
www.example.org/customerRelation are also from Order Manager in the
context identified with www.example.org/requestAnalysis
• All subtypes from Order Manager in the context identified with
www.example.org/customerRelation are also from Manager in the context
identified with www.example.org/requestAnalysis
26/10/2012 | pag. 27

28. A combined example of
negation and implication
• Customer is listed in Catalog
• Catalog lists Customer
• Manager creates Customer
• Customer is created by Manager
• Manager approves Request
• Request is approved by Manager
• If Customer is listed in Catalog,
then Manager approves Request
• If Customer is listed in no Catalog,
then Manager creates Customer
26/10/2012 | pag. 28

29. A combined example of
value and implication
• Customer has Age
• Age is of Customer
• Manager refuses Customer
• Customer is refused by Manager
• Manager creates Customer
• Customer is created by Manager
• If the value range of Age is >=18,
then (Manager creates Customer,
Customer is created by Manager)
• If the value range of Age is <=18,
then (Manager refuses Customer,
Customer is refused by Manager)
26/10/2012 | pag. 29

30. An example of optional
constraint
• Person works for Company
• Person has Salary
• Person works for Company if and only if this Person has
Salary [neglect]
26/10/2012 | pag. 30

31. Useful Links
• Materials can be downloaded from
https://sourceforge.net/projects/sdrulel/file
s/
– SDRule-L XML Schema (.xsd)
– All the examples in XML files from the slides
– Java API and documentation
• Current xsd location:
http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/project/sdr
ulel/SDRule_1.0.xsd
26/10/2012 | pag. 31