Inclusive Publishing in the Educational Environment

INCLUSIVE PUBLISHING
in the Educational Environment

UNIVERSAL DESIGN
This means that the design of products, environments,
programs and services is usable by all people, to the
greatest extent possible, without the need for
adaptation or specialized design.

"Universal design" shall not exclude assistive devices
for particular groups of persons with disabilities where
this is needed. [Art. 2, UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities]

Bernhard Heinser Universal Design for Digital Document Creation and Publication 1
b.heinser@sbs.ch Dublin, 29 November 2012

REALISTICALLY ACHIEVABLE
VISION

WHAT WILL BE BEST?
(from the perspective of the accessibility and
disability communities)


THE BEST WILL BE…

The Publishing Industry Delivers
Accessible Content
(Inclusive Publishing)
if so, there is a

need for
publishing standards and processes that allow publishers to
create, distribute, and sell accessible materials easily
=
Vision of the DAISY Consortium
[http:/www.daisy.org/mission]


ACCESSIBILITY AND THE
PUBLISHING ECOSYSTEM
Accessibility calls for the interoperability of
► Content (i.e. books or documents of any kind)
► Rendering Technologies (Internet, reading systems)
► Distribution Channels (portals, downloads)
► Assistive Technologies (screen readers, Braille displays,
other alternative entry and controlling systems / devices)
► Consumers (able/enabled to use the technologies)

If one of these fails, accessibility fails


ACCESSIBLE CONTENT
KEY REQUIREMENTS (I)

NAVIGABILITY
Find the desired spot in the book / document

logical reading order, header hierarchy, sections, paragraphs,
pagination, footnotes, annotations, side notes, marginal notes,
embedded text boxes etc.


ACCESSIBLE CONTENT
KEY REQUIREMENTS (II)

SYNCHRONIZED PERCEPTION
CHANNELS
Reading with Eyes, Ears, Fingers

depending on the abilities / disabilities
content is read and further processed by using different perception
channels or combining them (blindness, low vision, deafness, hard of
hearing, dyslexia, physical or mental handicaps etc.)


ACCESSIBLE CONTENT
KEY REQUIREMENTS (III)

Machine-Readability
Text-to-speech technology
cannot read IMAGES


SCIENTIFIC CONTENT
FORMULAS


ACCESSIBLE CONTENT
VIABLE DEFINITION

Books or documents of any kind (including
educational materials and textbooks) as fully
integrated synchronized and navigable
electronic multimedia products (=
eBooks)


Oh, my God…

... how can we as Publishers meet all
these requirements?
... how much will it cost?
... what are our benefits?
... is there a market?
... what is the business model?


GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS (I)
► 10% to 15% of the population has special needs /
disabilities (WHO)
► Demographic change / aging populations with
corresponding limited abilities
► Rapidly growing global ICT penetration – all areas of
life are affected (Education, Formation, Professional Life,
eServices, eLearning Platforms, Entertainment, Social Media, Internet,
TV, Multimedia, etc.)

► Multiple distribution channels for content consumed
on many different devices with different properties


GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS (II)

► Corporate Social Identity (the industry’s social
responsibility)

► Inclusive Education (students with special needs / disabilities
are educated in “mainstream” classes vs. “special schools”)

► More regulatory measures (public procurements, accessible
eBook readers in the schools, accessible learning materials)

High Level Principles / Guidelines

UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities
[http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?navid=14&pid=150]

WIN-WIN SITUATION
KILL TWO BIRDS WITH ONE STONE

1. Adapt to the eBook market by
► rethinking the production workflows [XML-first workflow is
recommended]
► produce one source file [generate multiple output formats from it, using
multiple distribution channels for multiple rendering tools]

2. Aim for and include built-in accessibility
► consider the accessibility aspects from the start


RE-USABLE CONTENT
Create re-usable content
(simply said: create one output-agnostic source file from which many
output formats can be generated in automated conversion processes)

“For years I’ve been telling that in order to build e-books we
need content that is re-usable . Many editors and publishers
are still thinking about paper books and don’t think about the
fact that they are producing content that can be scalable
and used on other devices.”
[Luc Audrain, Hachette Livre, 2012]


WHERE TO START -
STRATEGICALLY?
► Accessible Publishing - Best Practice
Guidelines for Publishers
[http://www.editeur.org/109/Enabling-Technologies-Framework-Guidelines/]

► Make the Inclusive Publishing a top priority at the senior
management level of the company [appoint a person responsible for
accessibility concerns]
► Build up partnerships with agencies specialized in providing
accessible material (libraries for the blind, service centres for disabled
students etc.)


WHERE TO START - TECHNICALLY?

EPUB 3
STANDARD
Natively supports key accessibility requirements
built-in accessibility

Open de facto standard for eBooks
XML based – XHTML5 – HTML5
Developed and maintained by the International Publishing Forum
(IDPF), not-for-profit [http://idpf.org/]
In close collaboration with the Inclusive Publishing - focused
Bernhard Heinser
community (DAISY Consortium) Publication
Universal Design for Digital Document Creation and
[http://www.daisy.org/] 16

EPUB 3 SUPPORTS
► Navigability
► Synchronization of Content for Perception
Channels (“Media Overlays” [text, audio, video])
► Reflowability (automatic adaption to screen sizes)
► Global Language Support (worldwide adoption)
► MathML (scientific content)
► Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
► Online – Offline Reading
► Rich and flexible meta data management
► Fixed Layout [http://idpf.org/epub/fxl/]


DO YOU WANT TO
KNOW MORE ABOUT IT (I)?

O‘Reilly publications
http://shop.oreilly.com/

“Best Practices” (February 2013)

► EPUB Forums: http://idpf.org/forums
► EPUB Accessibility Forum: http://idpf.org/forums/epub-accessibility
► EPUB Accessibility Guidelines:
http://idpf.org/accessibility/guidelines/


DO YOU WANT TO
KN0W MORE ABOUT IT (II)?

EPUB 3 Samples
http://code.google.com/p/epub-samples/


DO YOU WANT TO
KN0W MORE ABOUT IT (III)?
Reading Systems
► READIUM (reader, reference implementation, developed by IDPF [
http://readium.org/]

► READIUM (now on Chrome Web Store) [
http://readium.org/news/readium-now-on-chrome-web-store]

► Book Industry Study Group (BISG) develops / maintains
the EPUB 3 Support Grid [
http://www.bisg.org/what-we-do-16-152-epub-3-support-grid.php]


SPECIAL ATTENTION TO BE PAID TO

NON-TEXTUAL ELEMENTS
images, graphs, animations, videos


NON-TEXTUAL ELEMENTS (I)


NON-TEXTUAL ELEMENTS (II)


NON-TEXTUAL ELEMENTS (III)


IMAGE DESCRIPTIONS / DIAGRAM
PROJECT
[http://diagramcenter.org/about.html]

► The DIAGRAM Center […] to make it easier, faster, and more cost
effective to create and use accessible images so that students with print
disabilities have timely access to the information they need

► The Project Partners : Benetech, US [http://www.benetech.org],
National Center for Accessible Media, US [http://ncam.wgbh.org/], DAISY
Consortium, CH/US [http://www,daisy.org]

► The DIAGRAM Content Model [
http://diagramcenter.org/development/content-model.html]

► TOBI : authoring tool developed by the DAISY Consortium that
supports the DIAGRAM content model [http://www.daisy.org/tobi]


ACCESSIBILITY DESCRIPTION
META DATA - ONIX

The ONIX Standard contains meta data for the
description of Accessibility

List 196 E-publication
Accessibility Details
http://www.editeur.org/files/ONIX%20for%20books%20-%20code%20lists/ONIX_BookProduct_CodeLists_Issue_19.html


THE PATH TO INCLUSIVE PUBLISHING

► Focus on EPUB 3
► Assume Social Responsibility - Make
Accessibility a top Priority (in your company)
► Think of Image Descriptions (non-textual elements)

► Develop Partnerships (with organizations that can make
your eBooks more accessible / access-enhancements)

► Add Accessibility Meta Data (to your products)


RESOURCES (I)
Inclusive Publishing
► UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; high level
principles for Inclusion:
http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?navid=14&pid=150#accessible_pdf
► Accessible Publishing - Best Practice Guidelines for Publishers (in
English, German, French, Japanese, Spanish, Italian). Those Guidelines have
been endorsed by The International Publishers Association, the Federation of
European Publishers, and the International Association of Scientific, Technical
and Medical Publishers: [
www.editeur.org/109/Enabling-Technologies-Framework-Guidelines/]

Basic References
► International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF): www.idpf.org
► DAISY Consortium: www.daisy.org
► Strategy of the DAISY Consortium: http:/www.daisy.org/mission


RESOURCES (II)
► EPUB 3 specifications (2011): www.idpf.org/epub = DAISY distribution
standard
► DAISY(4) authoring specification (2012): Authoring and Interchange
Framework for Adaptive XML Publishing Specification , ANSI/NISO
Z39.98-2012: www.daisy.org/z3998/2012/z3998-2012.html.
► Image Description: DIAGRAM Project: www.diagramcenter.org/about.html
► Accessibility Metadata:
www.editeur.org/files/ONIX%20for%20books%20-%20code%20lists/ONIX_BookPro

Handbooks
► Garrish, Matt: What is EPUB 3 (1st Edition), 2011, O’Reilly Media
► Garrish, Matt: Accessible EPUB 3 (1st edition), 2012, O’Reilly Media
► Garrish, Matt, Gylling Markus: EPUB 3, Best Practices, February 2013 ,
O’Reilly Media
All available at: http://search.oreilly.com/?q=garrish%2C+matt&x=60&y=9


RESOURCES (III)
Further Information Sources
► EPUB Forums (general): http://idpf.org/forums
► EPUB Accessibility Forum: http://idpf.org/forums/epub-accessibility
► EPUB Accessibility Guidelines (technical-oriented, including sample
code): http://idpf.org/accessibility/guidelines/

EPUB 3 Samples
► EPUB samples for download / browsing source codes
http://code.google.com/p/epub-samples
► Dante‘s Comedy - example, including Media Overlays with audio
(human narration): http://www.smuuks.it/index.php/en/projects/divine-
comedy-read-prof-lino-pertile

Reading System (EPUB 3)
► READIUM Reference Implementation (IDPF): http://www.readium.org


RESOURCES (IV)

► READIUM on Chrome Web Store: http://readium.org/news/readium-now-
on-chrome-web-store
► Book Industry Study Group (BISG): EPUB 3 Grid:
http://www.bisg.org/what-we-do-16-152-epub-3-support-grid.php

Other Helpful Resource
► EPUB Resources: “A comprehensive (OK, probably not) list of EPUB
devices, tools, and applications. Items marked with [EPUB3] claim to provide
some level of support for EPUB 3.”: http://epubtest.com/resources.php

Tools developed by the DAISY Consortium
► PIPELINE 1 (multi-format converter); cross-platform, open source
transformation framework for creating DTB-based documents from DTBook or
XHTML documents - (free): http://www.daisy.org/pipeline


RESOURCES (V)
► PIPELINE 2 (multi-format conversion, under development); cross-
platform, open source transformation framework for creating DTB-based
documents from DTBook or XHTML documents - (free), supports EPUB 3:
http://www.daisy.org/pipeline2
► TOBI (authoring tool for DAISY and EPUB 3, including support for
the DIAGRAM object model, open source, free):
http://www.daisy.org/tobi
► OBI (DAISY 3 audio production tool): http://www.daisy.org/project/obi

Other DAISY 3 / 2.02 authoring tools
► Save As DAISY add-in for Microsoft Word (supports MathML):
http://www.daisy.org/project/save-as-daisy-microsoft-word-add-in
► odt2daisy - OpenOffice.org Writer Extension (supports MathML):
http://odt2daisy.sourceforge.net/


Thank you very much for your
attention!
Don’t hesitate to contact me at: b.heinser@sbs.ch


Inclusive Publishing in the Educational Environment

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