1. NATURAL SCIENCES AND
MATHEMATICS

2. NATURAL SCIENCES
 Sciences that deals with matter and energy, or
with objects and processes observable in nature
 the term natural science refers to a rational
approach to the study of the universe, which is
understood as obeying rules or laws of natural
origin
 The term natural science is also used to
distinguish those fields that use the
scientific method to study nature

3. Natural Sciences
 the phrase natural sciences is also
sometimes used more narrowly to refer to
its everyday usage, that is, related to
natural history
 In this sense "natural sciences" may refer
to the biological sciences and perhaps also
the earth sciences, as distinguished from
the physical sciences, including astronomy,
physics, and chemistry.

4. History of Natural Sciences
 Prior to the 17th century, the objective study of
nature was known as natural philosophy.
 Over the next two centuries, however, a
philosophical interpretation of nature was
gradually replaced by a scientific approach using
inductive methodology.
 The works of Sir Francis Bacon popularized this
approach, thereby helping to forge the scientific
revolution.

5. History of Natural Sciences
 By the 19th century the study of science
had come into the purview of professionals
and institutions, and in so doing it
gradually acquired the more modern name
of natural science.

6. MATHEMATICS
 is the body of knowledge centered on such
concepts as quantity, structure, space, and change
, and also the academic discipline that studies
them
 Benjamin Peirce called it "the science that draws
necessary conclusion.”
 Mathematics is the science of pattern, and that
mathematicians seek out patterns whether found
in numbers, space, science, computers, imaginary
abstractions, or elsewhere

7. Mathematics
 The word "mathematics" comes from the
Greek (máthēma), which means learning,
study, science, and additionally came to
have the narrower and more technical
meaning "mathematical study“.

8. History
 The evolution of mathematics might be seen as an
ever-increasing series of abstractions, or
alternatively an expansion of subject matter.
 The first abstraction was probably that of numbers.
 The realization that two apples and two oranges
have something in common was a breakthrough in
human thought. In addition to recognizing how to
count physical objects, prehistoric peoples also
recognized how to count abstract quantities, like
time — days, seasons, years. Arithmetic (addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division), naturally
followed.

9.  Monolithic monuments testify to knowledge of
geometry.
 In addition to recognizing how to count
physical objects, prehistoric peoples also
recognized how to count abstract quantities,
like time — days, seasons, years. Arithmetic
(addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division), naturally followed. Monolithic
monuments testify to knowledge of geometry.

10. Subdivisions of Mathematics
 Quantity
 Structure
 Space
 Change

11. Quantity
 starts with numbers
 first the familiar natural numbers and
integers and arithmetical operations on
them, which are characterized in
arithmetic.
 The deeper properties of integers are
studied in number theory.

12. Quantity
 As the number system is further developed,
the integers are recognized as a subset of
the rational numbers ("fractions").
 These, in turn, are contained within the real
numbers, which are used to represent
continuous quantities.
 Real numbers are generalized to complex
numbers.

13. Structure
 Many mathematical objects, such as sets of
numbers and functions, exhibit internal
structure
 The structural properties of these objects
are investigated in the study of groups,
rings, fields and other abstract systems,
which are themselves such objects.
 This is the field of abstract algebra

14. Space
 The study of space originates with
geometry
 Trigonometry combines space and
numbers, and encompasses the well-known
Pythagorean theorem.

15. Change
 Understanding and describing change is a
common theme in the natural sciences and
calculus.
 Functions arise here, as a central concept
describing a changing quantity. The
rigorous study of real numbers and real-
valued functions is known as real analysis,
with complex analysis the equivalent field
for the complex numbers.

16. Major Fields in Mathematics
 Discrete mathematics
- is the common name for the fields of
mathematics most generally useful in
theoretical computer science. This includes
computability theory, computational
complexity theory, and information theory.

17.  Applied mathematics
- considers the use of abstract mathematical
tools in solving concrete problems in the
sciences, business, and other areas.
- An important field in applied mathematics is
statistics, which uses probability theory as a tool
and allows the description, analysis, and
prediction of phenomena

18. Sir Isaac Newton (1643-
Euclid,Greek 1727), an inventor of
mathematician, 3rd infinitesimal calculus.
century BC

19. ASTRONOMY AND ALLIED SCIENCES
• Is the scientific study of
celestial objects
•literally means "law of the stars"
•and is derived from the Greek ,
from the words (astron, "star")
and (nomos, "laws or cultures").
•It is concerned with the
evolution, physics, chemistry,
meteorology, and motion of
celestial objects, as well as the
formation and development of the
universe.

20. Astronomy
 is one of the oldest sciences.
 Astronomers of early civilizations performed
methodical observations of the night sky, and
astronomical artifacts have been found from
much earlier periods.
 the invention of the telescope was required before
astronomy was able to develop into a modern
science.
 It has included disciplines as diverse as
astrometry, celestial navigation, observational
astronomy, the making of calendars, and even
astrology

21.  Since the 20th century, the field of professional
astronomy split into observational and
theoretical branches.
 Observational astronomy is focused on
acquiring and analyzing data, mainly using basic
principles of physics.
 Theoretical astronomy is oriented towards the
development of computer or analytical models to
describe astronomical objects and phenomena.
 The two fields complement each other, with
theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the
observational results, and observations being
used to confirm theoretical results.

22.  As civilizations developed, astronomical
observatories were assembled
 and ideas on the nature of the universe
began to be explored.
 early astronomy actually consisted of
mapping the positions of the stars and
planets, a science now referred to as
astrometry.

23. notable astronomical discoveries
 the obliquity of the ecliptic was estimated
as early as 1000 BC by the Chinese.
 The Chaldeans discovered that lunar
eclipses recurred in a repeating cycle
known as a saros.
 In the 2nd century BC, the size and
distance of the Moon were estimated by
Hipparchus.

24. During the Middle Ages…
 observational astronomy was mostly
stagnant in medieval Europe, at least until
the 13th century
 Astronomers during that time introduced
many Arabic names that are now used for
individual stars.

25. During the Renaissance..
 Scientific revolution
 Nicolaus Copernicus
proposed a heliocentric
model of the solar system.
 His work was defended,
expanded upon, and
corrected by Galileo
Galilei and Johannes
Kepler.
 Galileo innovated by using
telescopes to enhance his
observations.

26. Observational astronomy
 information is
mainly received
from the detection
and analysis of
visible light or other
regions of the
electromagnetic
radiation

27. Subfield of astronomy for specific
astronomical objects
 Solar astronomy Planetary science

28.  Stellar •Galactic
astronomy astronomy And
Extragalactic
astronomy
•Cosmology

29. Biology
Biology
•from Greek: bio,
"life"; and
•logos, "speech" lit.
"to talk about life“
• also referred to as
the biological
sciences, which is
the scientific study
of life.

30. Biology
 encompasses a set of disciplines that examines
phenomena related to living organisms. The scale
of study can range from sub-component
biophysics up to complex ecologies.
 is concerned with the characteristics,
classification and behaviors of organisms, as well
as how species were formed and their interactions
with each other and the natural environment.

31. Biological fields
 they are grouped by the type of organism
being studied
 botany, the study of plants
 zoology, the study of animals
 microbiology, the study of
microorganisms.

32. Further divided fields for
Biology
 based on the scale at which organisms are
studied
 Based on the methods used to study them
 biochemistry examines the fundamental
chemistry of life
 molecular biology studies the complex
interactions of systems of biological
molecules

33. Further divided fields for
Biology
 cellular biology examines the basic
building block of all life, the cell
 physiology examines the physical and
chemical functions of the tissues and organ
systems of an organism
 ecology examines how various organisms
and their environment interrelate.

34. History of Biology
 The biological fields of botany, zoology, and
medicine date back to early periods of civilization
 while microbiology was introduced in the 17th
century with the invention of the microscope.
 In 19th century, biology became a unified
science; once scientists discovered commonalities
between all living things it was decided they were
best studied as a whole

35. Some key developments in the science of
Biology
 were the discovery of genetics
 Darwin's theory of evolution through
natural selection
 the germ theory of disease
 the application of the techniques of
chemistry and physics at the level of the
cell or organic molecule.

36. Modern Biology
 is divided into sub-disciplines by the type
of organism and by the scale being studied.
 Molecular biology is the study of the
fundamental chemistry of life
 Cellular biology is the examination of the
cell; the basic building block of all life

37. Modern Biology
 Physiology looks at the internal structure
of organism
 Ecology looks at how various organisms
interrelate.

38. Chemistry

39. Chemistry
 from Egyptian kēme (chem), meaning "earth"
 is the science concerned with the composition,
structure, and properties of matter, as well as the
changes it undergoes during chemical reactions
 Chemistry is the study of interactions of chemical
substances with one another and energy

40. Chemistry
 the scientific study of interaction of
substances called chemical substances that
are constituted of atoms
 or the subatomic components that make up
atoms: protons, electrons and neutrons

41. History
 The genesis of chemistry can be traced to the
widely observed phenomenon of burning that led
to metallurgy- the art and science of processing
ores to get metals
 The greed for gold led to the discovery of the
process for its purification, even though, the
underlying principles were not well understood --
it was thought to be a transformation rather than
purification.

42.  Historically, modern chemistry evolved out of
alchemy following the chemical revolution
(1773).
 Chemistry is a physical science related to studies
of various atoms, molecules, crystals and other
aggregates of matter whether in isolation or
combination, which incorporates the concepts of
energy and entropy in relation to the spontaneity
of chemical processes.

43. Disciplines within Chemistry
 are traditionally grouped by the type of
matter being studied or the kind of study
 These include inorganic chemistry, the
study of inorganic matter
 organic chemistry, the study of organic
matter
 biochemistry, the study of substances
found in biological organisms

44.  physical chemistry, the energy related
studies of chemical systems at macro,
molecular and submolecular scales
 analytical chemistry, the analysis of
material samples to gain an understanding
of their chemical composition and structure
 neurochemistry the chemical study of the
mind

45. Physics
• is the science studying the concept of matter and its
motion as well as space and time
• the science that deals with concepts such as force,
energy, mass, and charge.
• is an experimental science, and it is the objective of
physicists to understand some quality of the natural world

46. Physics
 is one of the oldest academic disciplines
and through its modern subfield of
astronomy, it may be the oldest of all
 During the last two millennia, these
sciences became more distinct; physics
emerged as a modern science in the 17th
century

47. The core theories of physics are:
 classical mechanics
 Electromagnetism
 relativity
 Thermodynamics
 quantum mechanics
 optics.

48. Classical mechanics
 is a model of the physics
of forces acting upon
bodies
 It is often referred to as
"Newtonian mechanics"
after Isaac Newton and
his laws of motion

49. Electromagnetism
 describes the interaction of
charged particles with
electric and magnetic fields.
 It can be divided into
electrostatics, the study of
interactions between
charges at rest, and
electrodynamics, the study
of interactions between
moving charges and
radiation

50. Relativity
 is a generalization of
classical mechanics
that describes fast-
moving or very
massive systems

51. Quantum
Mechanics
 is the branch of
physics treating
atomic and subatomic
systems and their
interaction with
radiation in terms of
observable quantities.

52. Condensed
matter
physics
 is the field of
physics that deals
with the
macroscopic
physical properties
of matter.
 is by far the largest
field of
contemporary
physics

53. Atomic, molecular, and optical
 Atomic, molecular, and
optical physics (AMO) is
the study of matter-matter
and light-matter
interactions on the scale
of single atoms or
structures containing a
few atoms.

54. Earth Science
 also known as geoscience, the
geosciences or the Earth Sciences
 is an all-embracing term for the
sciences related to the planet Earth
 including geology, geophysics,
hydrology, meteorology, physical
geography, oceanography, and soil
science.

55. History
 the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s,
which has had a similar impact on the
Earth sciences as the theory of evolution
had on biology
 19th century, paleontology, blossomed
 20th century, the growth of other
disciplines like geophysics

56.  Earth sciences today are closely linked to
climate research and the petroleum and
mineral exploration industries
 The major historic disciplines use physics,
geology, geography, meteorology,
mathematics, chemistry and biology to
build a quantitative understanding of the
principal areas or spheres of the Earth
system.

57.  Geology describes the rocky parts of the Earth's
crust (or lithosphere) and its historic
development. Major subdisciplines are
mineralogy and petrology,geochemistry,
geomorphology, paleontology, stratigraphy,
structural geology, engineering geology
 Geophysics and Geodesy investigate the
figure of the Earth, its reaction to forces and its
magnetic and gravity fields
 Geophysicists explore the Earth's core and
mantle as well as the tectonic and seismic activity
of the lithosphere

58.  Soil science covers the outermost layer of the
Earth's crust that is subject to soil formation
processes (or pedosphere). Major subdisciplines
include edaphology and pedology
 Oceanography and hydrology (includes
limnology) describe the marine and freshwater
domains of the watery parts of the Earth (or
hydrosphere). Major subdisciplines include
hydrogeology and physical, chemical, and
biological oceanography.

59.  Glaciology covers the icy parts of the Earth
(or cryosphere).
 Atmospheric sciences cover the gaseous
parts of the Earth (or atmosphere) between
the surface and the exosphere (~1000 km).
Major subdisciplines are meteorology,
climatology, atmospheric chemistry and
atmospheric physics

60. PALEONTOLOGY
 (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being";
and logos, "knowledge")
 is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth
through the examination of plant and animal
fossils
 This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (
ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilized fasces
(coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical
residues. Studies of prehistoric hominids, their
culture and their behaviors are the purview of two
other disciplines, archaeology and
paleoanthropology.

61. The major subdivisions of
paleontology
 include paleozoology (animals),
 paleobotany (plants)
 micropaleontology (microfossils).
 Paleozoologists may specialize in
invertebrate paleontology, which deals
with animals without backbones

62.  in vertebrate paleontology, dealing with
fossils of animals with backbones,
including fossil hominids (
paleoanthropology).
 Micropaleontologists study microscopic
fossils, including organic-walled
microfossils whose study is called
palynology.

63. Developing Specialties in
Paleontology
 paleobiology, paleoecology, ichnology (the
study of tracks and burrows) and
taphonomy (the study of what happens to
organisms after they expire).
 Major areas of study include the
correlation of rock strata with their
geologic ages and the study of evolution of
lifeforms.

64.  The primary
economic
importance of
paleontology lies in
the use of fossils to
determine the age
and nature of the
rocks that contain
them or the layers
above or below.

65. Paleozoology
 also spelled as palaeozoology
 (Greek: paleon = old and zoon
= animal),
 is the branch of paleontology or
paleobiology dealing with the
recovery and identification of
multicellular animal remains
from geological (or even
archeological) contexts, and the
use of these fossils in the
reconstruction of prehistoric
environments and ancient
ecosystems

66. Botany
Botany

67. Botany
 is the scientific study of plant life.
 As a branch of biology, it is also called plant
science(s), phytology, or plant biology.
 Botany covers a wide range of scientific
disciplines that study plants, algae, and fungi
including: structure, growth, reproduction,
metabolism, development, diseases, and
chemical properties and evolutionary
relationships between the different groups

68. History
 The study of plants and botany began with
tribal lore, used to identify edible,
medicinal and poisonous plants, making
botany one of the oldest sciences.
 From this ancient interest in plants, the
scope of botany has increased to include
the study of over 550,000 kinds or species
of living organisms.

69.  Historically, botany covers all organisms that
were not considered to be animals.
 Some of these "plant-like" organisms include
fungi (studied in mycology), bacteria and viruses
(studied in microbiology), and algae (studied in
phycology).
 Most algae, fungi, and microbes are no longer
considered to be in the plant kingdom. However,
attention is still given to them by botanists, and
bacteria, fungi, and algae are usually covered in
introductory botany courses.

70.  The study of plants has importance for a number of
reasons.
 Plants are a fundamental part of life on Earth.
 They generate the oxygen, food, fibres, fuel and
medicine that allow higher life forms to exist.
 Plants also absorb carbon dioxide through
photosynthesis, a minor greenhouse gas that in large
amounts can effect global climate.
 It is believed that the evolution of plants has changed
the global atmosphere of the earth early in the earth's
history and paleobotanists study ancient plants in the
fossil record.

71.  Scope of botany
- human nutrition
- fundamental life
processes
- medicine and
materials
- environmental
changes

72. Subdisciplines of Botany
Agronomy —Application of
plant science to crop
production
Bryology —Mosses,
liverworts, and hornwarts
Economic botany —The
place of plants in economics
Ethnobotany —Relationship
between humans and plants
Forestry —Forest
management and related
studies

73.  Horticulture—Cultivated
plants
 Paleobotany—Fossil plants
 Palynology—Pollen and
spores
 Phycology - Algae
 Phytochemistry—Plant
secondary chemistry and
chemical processes
 Phytopathology—Plant
diseases

74.  Plant anatomy—Cell and
tissue structure
 Plant ecology—Role of
plants in the environment
 Plant genetics—Genetic
inheritance in plants
 Plant morphology—
Structure and life cycles
 Plant physiology—Life
functions of plants
 Plant systematics—
Classification and naming
of plants

75. Zoology
 Zoology (from
Greek: zoion,
"animal"; and logos,
"knowledge")
 is the biological
discipline which
involves the study of
animals.

76. Subfields of Zoology
 Comparative anatomy studies the structure
of animals
 The physiology of animals is studied under
various fields including anatomy and
embryology
 The common genetic and developmental
mechanisms of animals and plants is
studied in molecular biology, molecular
genetics and developmental biology
 Ethology is the study of animal behavior.

77. History of Zoology
Pre-scientific zoology
 Humans have been fascinated by the other members of the animal
kingdom throughout history.
 In early Europe, they gathered up and treasured stories of strange
animals from distant lands or deep seas, such as are recorded in the
Physiologus, in the works of Albertus Magnus (On Animals), and
others.
 These accounts were often apocryphal and creatures were often
described as "legendary."
 This period was succeeded by the age of collectors and travellers,
when many of the stories were actually demonstrated as true when
the living or preserved specimens were brought to Europe.

78. 16th century developments
 Scientific zoology really started in the 16th
century with the awakening of the new
spirit of observation and exploration
 but for a long time ran a separate course
uninfluenced by the progress of the
medical studies of anatomy and physiology

79. 17th century developments
 In the 17th century, the lovers of the new
philosophy, the investigators of nature by means
of observation and experiment, banded
themselves into academies or societies for mutual
support and intercourse.
 The first founded of surviving European
academies, the Academia Naturae Curiosorum
(1651) especially confined itself to the
description and illustration of the structure of
plants and animals;

80. `17th century
 A little later the Academy of Sciences of
Paris was established by Louis XIV
 The influence of these great academies of
the 17th century on the progress of zoology
was precisely to effect that bringing
together of the museum-men and the
physicians or anatomists which was needed
for further development.

81. 19th century developments
 Development of the microscope
- It was not until the 19th century that the
microscope, was applied to the study of animal
structure, and accomplished for zoology its final
and most important service.
 The perfecting of the microscope led to a full
comprehension of the great doctrine of cell
structure and the establishment of the facts
 Developments in other sciences impacting
zoology

82. Zoology Since 1859: Darwin and Theory of
Evolution
 in 1859, Charles Darwin placed the whole theory
of organic evolution on a new footing, by his
discovery of a process by which organic
evolution can occur, and provided observational
evidence that it had done so.
 This changed the attitudes of most exponents of
the scientific method. Darwin's discoveries
revolutionized the zoological and botanical
sciences, by introducing the theory of evolution
by natural selection as an explanation for the
diversity of all animal and plant life.
 Timeline

83. subtopics DDC LC
Natural Sciences and Mathematics 500 Q
Mathematics 510 QA
Astronomy and Allied Sciences 520 QB
Physics 530 QC
Chemistry and Allied Sciences 540 QD
Earth Sciences 550 QE
Paleontology; Paleozoology 560 QE
Life Sciences: Biology 570 QH
Plants 580 QK
Animals 590 QZ

84. Reference Sources on Astronomy:
 Bibliographies
 Abstract Journals
 Encyclopedias and dictionaries
 Handbooks
 Atlases
 Stars
 Navigations
 chronology

85. Reference Sources
 Astronomy
Bibliography
Drake, Milton. Almanacs of the United
States. N.Y., Scarecrow, 1962. 2v.
- a listing of more than 14,000 almanacs
published from 1963 to 1850, arranged by
state and then chronologically.

86. Astronomy
 Abstract Journals
Sky and Telescope. Cambridge, Sky Pub.
Corp., Harvard College Observatory, 1941-
.V1- Monthly.
- excellent source for general current
information. Contains review articles on
current events, monthly star maps and
calendars, review on important
professional and amateur meetings.

87. Astronomy
 Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
Rudaux, Lucien and Vancouleurs, G. de.
Larousse encyclopedia of astronomy. 2d ed.
N.Y., Prometheus, 1959. 506p. Il.
- a profusely illustrated treatise on astronomy.
Nonalphabetical.
Kleczek, Josip. Astronomical Dictionary. N.Y.,
London, Academic Pr.; Praha, Pub. House of the
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1961. 972p.

88. Biological Sciences
Bibliography
Periodicals U.S. Library of Congress. Science and
Technology Division. Biological Sciences Serial
Publications. 1950-1954
Indexes Biological and Agricultural Index, a
Cumulative Subject Index to Periodicals in the
Fields of Biology, Agriculture and Related
Sciences. 1964-
Abstract Biological Abstracts From the World’s
journals Biological Research Literature. 1926-
Dictionaries A Dictionary of Biology, Abercrombie, Michael,
Hickman, C.J. 1962-
Encyclopedia The Encyclopedia of Microscopy. Clark,
George Linderberg. 1961-
s

89. Biological sciences reference sources
Style manuals Conference Of Biological Editors.
Committee On Form And Style. Style
Manual For Biological Journals. 1964-
History A Hundred Years of Biology. Dawes, Ben.
1952-

90. Natural history reference sources
Bibliographies Bibliography of American
Natural History. Meisel, Max.
1769-1865-
Handbooks Handbooks on American
Natural History, V.1-. 1942-

91. Botany
Bibliographies Bibliographies of Botany; A
Contribution Toward Bibliotheca
Bibliographica. 1909-
Abstract Journal and Torrey Botanical Club. Index to
Indexes American Botanical Literature.
1888-
Dictionaries American Join Committee on
Horticultural Nomenclature.
Standardized Plant Names. 1942-
Directories International Directory of Botanical
Gardens. Howard, Richard a. 1963-
Biography Biographical Index of Deceased
British and Irish Botanists. Britten,
James. 1931-

92. Botany
Handbooks Gray’s Manual of Botany: 8th Centennial
Edition. Gray, Asa. 1950-
Flora Manual of Cultivated Plants Most
Commonly Grown in the Continental
United States and Canada. Bailey, Liberty
Hyde. 1949.
Fungi A Dictionary of the Fungi. Ainsworth,
Geoffrey Clough. 1961
Mosses Mosses With a Hand Lens; Guide to the
Common Mosses and Liverworts of the U.S.
Trees Handbook of the Trees of the Northern
States and Canada East of the Rocky
Mountains.Hough, Romeyn Beck. 1907.

93. Zoology
Guides Guides to the Literature of the
Zoological Sciences. Smith, Roger
Cletus. 1962.
Abstract journals U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. A
and indexes Wildlife Review. 1952.
Dictionaries A dictionary of zoology. Leftwich, A. W.
1963.

94. Chemistry reference sources:
Guides Division of Chemical Literature. Searching
the Chemical Literature. American
Chemical Society. 1961.
Bibliographies Selected Bibliography of Chemistry.
Bolton, Henry Carrington. 1904.
Dissertations Committee on Professional Training.
Directory of Graduate Research. American
Chemical Society. 1953.
Periodical Chemical abstracts. List of periodicals with
abbreviations key to library files. 1961.
Encyclopedias The Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Clark,
George Linderberg. 1957.

95. Chemistry Reference Sources;
Dictionaries Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 6th Ed.
By Arthur and Elizabeth Rose.
Handbooks Handbooks of Chemistry and Physics; A
Ready-reference Book of Chemical and
Physical Data. 1964. Selby, Samuel M.
Directories Chemical Sources. Directories Pub. Co.
1958.
Biography Chemical Who’s Who. 1956. By Winfield
Scott Downs.

96. Earth sciences…
Geology guides The Literature of Geology. Mason, Brian.
1953.
Bibliographies American Geological Institute. Visual
Education Committee, Directory of
Geosciences Films by Wakefield
Dort.1962.
Dissertations Bibliography of Theses Written for
Advanced Degrees in Geology and
Related Sciences. Chronic, John and
Chronic, Halka. 1958.
Abstract journals Geological abstracts, v.1-6.1953-58.
Quarterly.

97. Earth sciences reference sources..
Encyclopedias and Geology and Earth Sciences Source
Handbooks Book for Elementary and Secondary
Schools. Robert Heller.. 1962.
Dictionaries Dictionary of geological terms.
American geological institute. 1962.
Directories Directory of Geosciences Departments
in the Colleges and Universities of U.
S. And Canada.1952.
History The Founders of Geology. Sir
Archibald Geiki.1962.

98. Paleontology reference sources:
Bibliography Bibliography of Vertebrate
Paleontology and Related Subjects.1947.
Fossil indexes Index of Generic Names of Fossil Plants.
1820-1950.
Directories Paleontologi Catalogus Bio-
bibliographicus. Kalman Lambrecht.
1938.
Handbooks The Fossil Book: a Record of Prehistoric
Life. Fenton, Caroll Lane. 1958.

99. Mathematics' reference sources..
Guides Guide to the Literature of Mathematics
and Physics Including Related Works
on Engineering Science.. Park , Nathan
Grier. 1958.
Bibliography Bibliography of Basic Texts and
Monographs on Statistical Methods.
1945-1960.
Current American Mathematical Society. New
Publications. Providence. 1961.
Abstract journals Statistical Theory and Method
Abstracts. Edinburgh

100. THANK YOU!
Prepared by: Dang Brazal