2. Camera File Types
JPEG files
JPEG files record the color and brightness
information for each pixel with three eight bit
numbers, one for each of the red, green and blue
channels (these color channels are the same as the
ones you see in programs like Photoshop or in your
camera's color histogram display).
Each eight bit channel records color on a scale of 0255, giving a theoretical maximum of 16,777,216
tones (256 x 256 x 256). The human eye can detect
somewhere between 10 and 12 million colors, so this
is more than sufficient information to record any
subject.
3. Camera File Types
What is RAW?
A RAW file is an uncompressed image file that
records the data from the sensor ‘as is’, with
minimal processing. Depending on your camera,
this file will most likely contain either 12-bit or 14bit data. When shooting in JPEG, the camera
will take the RAW file, process it with a number of
generic actions (typically contrast/saturation
adjustments, correcting for white balance and
sharpening) before compressing the image down
to an 8-bit JPEG file.
4. Camera File Types
This gradient has been saved in a 24 bit file
(eight bits per channel), enough to render a
smooth gradient.
This gradient has been saved as a 16 bit file. As
you can see, 16 bits is not enough to render a
smooth graduation.
6. Metadata
Metadata may be written into a digital photo file that
will identify who owns it, copyright and contact
information, what camera created the file, along
with exposure information and descriptive
information such as keywords about the photo,
making the file searchable on the computer and/or
the Internet. Some metadata are written by the
camera and some is input by the photographer
and/or software after downloading to a computer.
However, not all digital cameras enable you to edit
metadata;[8] this functionality has been available on
most Nikon DSLRs since the Nikon D3 and on
most new Canon cameras since the Canon EOS
7D.
7. Scanning File Types Tiff vs
Jpg
Photographic Metadata Standards are governed by organizations
that develop the following standards. They include, but are not
limited to:
IPTC Information Interchange Model IIM (International Press
Telecommunications Council),
IPTC Core Schema for XMP
XMP – Extensible Metadata Platform (an ISO standard)
Exif – Exchangeable image file format, Maintained by CIPA
(Camera & Imaging Products Association) and published by
JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries
Association)
Dublin Core (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative – DCMI)
PLUS (Picture Licensing Universal System).
8. Scanning File Types Tiff vs
Jpg
JPEG: Sometimes referred to as JPG. JPEG is probably the most
popular and compatible image format around. JPEG is the
standard file format of most of today's consumer quality digital
cameras and is supported by almost all of today's imaging
software. JPEG uses lossy compression, meaning that some
image data is lost when the file is compressed. The amount of
compression can be varied, the more compression the more data
is discarded and the smaller a file becomes. JPEG is great for
creating smaller file sizes for uploading on the Internet, or for use
with e-mail. It's also a good choice because it's very popular and
likely to be around for a long time. We use Maximum quality
JPEG compression settings that provide you with high quality
images.
TIFF: TIFF format is the standard for most commercial and
professional printing needs. We use the uncompressed TIFF
format meaning that no image data is lost after scanning. TIFF is
a great choice for archiving images when all detail must be
preserved and file size is not a consideration. TIFF files are very
large in size compared to JPEGs because no compression is
used.
