1. How to reconstruct Iraq. By Nicole D., David D., Kahlil T., Laurianne S.

2. Our project We structured our project into a house format. Our background knowledge is our foundation, our social factors is our 1st floor, our economic factors is our 2nd floor, and our government factors is our 3rd floor. The small arrows off to the side is how each item is connected. The cracks in each floor the damage Iraq has experienced. By the end of our project, those cracks will be no more.

3. Foundations- History of Iraq

4. Mesopotamia When Iraq was not yet Iraq, it was known as Mesopotamia, and the Cradle of Civilization, and home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world. People liked this place because it was fertile. It had the Tigris and Euphrates rivers running through it, and they would flood, and go back down, leaving their silt behind. All in all, they followed a cycle much like that of the Nile River in Egypt.

5. The fact that the land was fertile meant that there were going to be wars about who was going to get the land. The Fertile Crescent was ruled successfully by the Assyrians, Medo-Persian, Seleucid, and Parthian empires during the iron age. In the 16th century, after a series of invasions by the Mongols and Turkmens, Iraq fell under Ottoman rule. Also falling under Mamluk and Safavid control. Ottoman rule ended along with World War I and Iraq came to be under the British control, until the establishment of the Kingdom of Iraq in 1932. The Republic of Iraq was put into place in 1958, followed by an attempt to overthrow the government. The Republic fell into the hands of Saddam Hussein and ruled from 1979 to 2003. His rein ended when the US led an invasion. The situations following this invasion continually got worse, and have caused Iraq to be in, or on the brink of Civil War.

6. A word of the Old Civilizations Sumer was an old civilization that dwelled in Southern Iraq. They lived in the Fertile Crescent for over 3000 years, beginning with the first settlement of the Eridu in the mid 6th millennium all the way to the 2nd millennium, which was when Babylonia came into place.

7. 1st floor- Social

8. Iraq’s social Factors Schools in Iraq started to be established in 1921. Enrollment Rates raised over 100% in the 1970’s. The literacy in Iraq is 74.1%. Teacher salaries dropped from $500–1000 a month to $5 a month in 2002-2003. The education in primary schools are ages 6 through 6th grade now, usually male.

9. Education Before 1991, which was when the Gulf War occurred, Iraq had one of the best educational performances in the region. The Primary School gross enrollment was 100%, and the amount of people that could read grew rapidly. Since that time, education has suffered because of war, sanctions, and instability.

10. The Best of education in Iraq Iraq established its education system in 1921, and offered both private and public schools. In the early 1970s, education became free and public to everybody at all levels, and became required at the primary level. By 1984, Iraq’s gross enrollment rates were over 100%, with almost complete gender enrollment. Illiteracy among those that were 15-45 declined to 10%. Spending in education reached 6% of Gross National Spending, and 20% of the total government budget. The average government spending for every student was $620.

11. The Falling of the Education 1980s had war with Iran, which led to a splitting of public resources, the other half going to military spending. What happened as a result was a steep fall in the overall social spending, and with this, the education budget suffered a default. The default continued to grow as the years passed, and there was no solution for this at that time.

12. The Crisis Years 1990-2003 The 90s had the first economic sanctions, and caused the education system to fall further than it already had. The share of ed

13. How we plan to help the social. We plan to work on educating more women and men, as well as prolonging it to be like in the U.S. so they may go to school up to 12th grade instead of sixth grade. We want to get the Iraqi schools back to the way they were, back in the 1970’s.

14. 2nd floor- Economics

15. Natural Resources Oil Natural Gas Phosphates Sulfur.

16. Trade Exports And Imports

17. Exports Exports (2010 est.)--$50.8 billion Export commodities crude oil, crude materials including fuels, food and live animals. Export partners (2009)U.S India, Italy, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Netherlands, and Japan

18. Imports Import commoditiesfood, medicine, manufactured goods. Import partners (2009)Turkey, Syria, U.S China, Jordan, Italy, and Germany.

19. Gross.Domestic.Product Nominal GDP (2010 est.) $82.2 billion. Nominal GDP per capita (2010 est., PPP) $2,564. GDP real growth rate (2010 est.) 0.8%.

20. 3rd floor- Government

21. Government Plan Oligarchy- Rotation = Capitol County = County’s Each County has 4 leaders that are in power for 4 years.

22. Rotation Order 1)- Samarra County 2)- Karkuk County 3)- Irbil County 4)-Mosul County 5)-Ar Rubah County 6)- Karbaba County 7)- An Najaf County 8)- Al Basrah County 9)- A Kut County = Capitol County = County’s

23. Voting Process The Voting process must be secret and individual. Citizen’s will be checked through security and escorted to a room with nothing but a voting machine and it will distribute the form to the individual to proceed in the completion of the form.

24. Bagdad’s Assistance In electing four leaders every four years, there will be four people assigned the task of supreme counsel. The four selected will be assigned to Bagdad for duty.

25. Education to the Government Before this plan can go into running order, they must educate the majority of their population so that votes aren’t wasted.

26. Our end result