Any body can do research if he or she want.

1. Research In Home Science
Yes! You CAN Do a
Research Study
A Presentation by
Dr. Daxaben N.Mehta, Principal, Smt.Sadguna C.U.Shah Home
Science and C.U.Shah Arts & Commerce Mahila College,
Wadhwancity, District : Surendranagar

2. Definition of Research
Research is the
systematic process of
collecting and analysing
information (data) in
order to increase our
understanding of the
phenomenon with which
we are concerned or
interested.

3. Why Do I Need to Know
About Research?
• As a graduate student...
To be able to read and
understand the empirical literature
in your field; to become a critical
consumer of information.
• As a graduate student preparing for
a thesis or dissertation…
To be able to both design and
implement your thesis or
dissertation as well as future
studies that interest you.

4. Why Do I Need to Know
About Research?
• As a future practitioner…
To be able to intelligently participate in
research projects, evaluations, and
studies undertaken by your
institution.
• As an educated citizen ...
To understand the difference between
scientifically acquired knowledge and
other kinds of information.

5. What is Research?
Research is all about addressing an
issue or asking and answering a
question or solving a problem, so…
Identify an issue, question, or problem.
Talk with people who want or need your
study.
Find out what's already known about it.
Talk with experts and/or read their
reviews and the original research on
the topic.

6. What is Research?
Plan, cost, and do your study
accordingly.
Write it up and submit it for
assessment. Better still, do a good job
on it and submit it for publication
Undergrad projects are sometimes
good enough to publish.
Your work will benefit more people if
you publish it.

7. The scientific method
Hypothesis
Observations Theory Predictions
Hypothesis
confirmation
Hypothesis
rejection

8. Research Procedure
1.Select a topic
2.Review existing research and
theory that are relevant
3.Develop a hypothesis or research
question/s
4.Determine the appropriate
methodology/research design
5.Collect relevant data
6.Analyze and interpret the results
7.Present the results in an
appropriate form

9. The problem is the Y of any research project.
Without a focused problem, there is no research.
In order to be able to identify a
research problem, a
researcher needs to know
what are the available sources.
A research problem is usually
posed as a question,
preferably a direct and simple
one.

10. Defining the
Research Problem
►State your research problem.
►Are there any sub-problems?
►What is the background
(literature review) on this
problem?
►What is good about tackling
this problem? Why should
we be interested in
answering the research
question?

11. Defining the
Research Problem
►Discuss your problem with peers
and experts.
►Have you looked at this problem
from all sides to minimize
unwanted surprises?
►Think through the process. Are
you capable of addressing the
issue? Can you foresee any
pitfalls in data collection and
analysis? What tools are available
for you to use?
►What research procedure will you
follow?

12. Types of Research Problems:
1.Descriptive research – asks “what
is” and suggests a survey
research design;
2.Relationship research – asks
what is the relationship between
two or more variables and implies
a correlational design.

13. 3. Difference research – asks what is the
difference between two or more groups/
approaches;
There are generally two ways of stating a
research problem:
1. Declarative or descriptive – usually used in
stating the main problem/ general objective
2. In question form – usually used in stating
the sub-problems/specific objectives

14. In any study, you need to define the key terms or
concepts in the statement of the problem to
avoid confusion or ambiguity.
Two types of definitions:
1. Conceptual definition – definition of a term as
given by authoritative sources (e.g. Webster’s
dictionary; a well-known research study;
textbook, etc..)
2. Operational definition – researcher’s own
definition, based on how it will be used in the
study

15. SEARCHING RESEARCH
LITERATURE
► Hard Copies and Soft Copies
► Online and Offline - Internet
► Research Databases - Websites
► Search Engines
► Institutional Repositories
► University and Institutional Libraries
► Research Scholars and University/College
Teachers
► Blogs - Groups and Networks

16. FORMATION OF HYPOTHESES
►Hypotheses basically state the
assumption on the basis of which analysis
is undertaken.
►There are two types of hypotheses
►Research Hypotheses and Working
Hypotheses
►The Research hypotheses relate to the
theoretical assumptions of the analysis
While
►The working hypotheses are the statistical
hypotheses for statistical analysis of data.

17. To ensure the objectivity in the study of
an identified problem, the researcher has
to be clear as to what variables are to be
examined or investigated.
• A variable is a property
or characteristic that
takes on different
values.
• It is a symbol to which
numbers or values can
be attached or assigned.

18. Types of variables:
1. Independent variables – the cause supposed to
be responsible for the bringing about change in
a phenomenon or situation.
2. Dependent variables – the outcome of change
brought about by change in the independent
variable
3. Intervening variable – a variable whose
existence is inferred but cannot be manipulated
or controlled
4. Moderator variable – a variable that may or may
not be controlled but has an effect on the
research situation/phenomenon.

19. 1.Independent variable:
Education.
2.Dependent variables: Behavior,
knowledge of colour
3.Intervening variable: Policies
4.Moderator variables: civil
status, age, years of work
experience

20. One way of making a study on a problem
more focused is by delimiting it.
Delimiting research is giving full disclosure
of what the researcher intends to do or
does not intend to do.
When a researcher is able to set the
scope and delimitation of his study, he
can make his research manageable. At
the same time, this can direct him to the
choice of research method to employ.

21. Points for delimiting study:
1. Purpose of study
2. Time coverage of investigation
3. Geographical coverage of inquiry
4. Variables to be studied
5. Specific indicators of variables
6. Types and size of respondents if the
study
7. Data collection tools

22. Research Proposal
(More formal than Research
Design)
►Title
►Statement of research
question
 Remember to stress why the
problem is important!
►Background/information
►Literature review.
►Aims and objectives.

23. Research Proposal
(More formal than Research
Design)
►Methods.
►Timetable.
►Data analysis.
►Ethical issues.
►In Funding applications
● Resources/Budge
►Dissemination?

24. Designing the Research
After stating your research
problem, you need to think
About what approach you will
use to the problem.
Will it be quantitative or
qualitative?

25. Types of methodologies
►QuaLitative Measures
● Descriptive
● Numbers not the primary focus
● Interpretive, ethnographic,
naturalistic
►QuaNtitative Measures
● N for numbers
● Statistical
● Quantifiable

26. QuaNtitative measures
►CompareThings
►Count Things
►Survey People About Things

27. QuaNtitative measures
►Comparison studies
● Experimental and control groups
● Instructional methodologies (Colaric;
Cudiner & Harmon)
● Program assessment using before/after
analysis of research papers(Emmons &
Martin)

28. Basic steps of a research
project
►Find a topicWhat, When
►Formulate questionsWhat, Why
►Define populationWho, When
►Select design & measurementHow
►Gather evidenceHow
►Interpret evidenceWhy
►Tell about what you did and found out

29. The Sampling Design Process
Define the Population
Determine the Sampling Frame
Select Sampling Technique(s)
Determine the Sample Size
Execute the Sampling Process

30. The Sampling Design Process
Important qualitative factors in
determining the sample size
the importance of the decision
the nature of the research
the number of variables
the nature of the analysis
sample sizes used in similar studies
incidence rates
completion rates
resource constraints

31. Classification of Sampling
Techniques
Sampling Techniques
Nonprobability Probability
Sampling Techniques Sampling Techniques

32. Classification of Sampling
Techniques
Nonprobability
Sampling Techniques
Convenience Judgmental Quota Snowball
Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling

33. Classification of Sampling
Techniques
Probability
Sampling Techniques
Simple Systematic Stratified Cluster Other Sampling
Random Sampling Sampling Sampling Techniques
Sampling

34. Types of Cluster Sampling
Cluster Sampling
One-Stage Two-Stage Multistage
Sampling Sampling Sampling
Simple Cluster Probability
Sampling Proportionate
to Size Sampling

35. Just go and
do it!
Thank you