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Identity Management Policy:
   The end of the beginning?


Duane Blackburn
Office of Science & Technology Policy

July 28, 2009

                                        Biometrics.gov
Why Identity Matters


     US Constitution
We the People of the United States, in
order to form a more perfect Union,
establish justice, insure domestic
tranquility, provide for the common
defense, promote the general welfare,
and secure the blessings of liberty to
ourselves and our posterity, do ordain
and establish this Constitution for the
United States of America.



                                          Biometrics.gov
IdM Today: Identity Theft




Disclaimer
Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not
imply endorsement of any kind.                                                          Biometrics.gov
IdM Today: Counterterrorism




Disclaimer
Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does
not imply endorsement of any kind.
                                                                                Biometrics.gov
IdM Today: Healthcare




                        Biometrics.gov
IdM Today: Social Networking




Disclaimer
Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not
imply endorsement of any kind.                                                               Biometrics.gov
IdM Today: Object Identity




Disclaimer
Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does
not imply endorsement of any kind.
                                                                                Biometrics.gov
IdM Today: Privacy Invasion?




Disclaimer
Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not
imply endorsement of any kind.                                                               Biometrics.gov
Building an IdM System
       Height    Weight     Sex   Address      Phone Number
 DNA
                                              IP Address
 Biometric                Enrollment
                                              Password
  Name
 Date of Birth                              E-mail

    SSN                                Mother’s Maiden Name
                      Application
 Eye Color                             High School Mascot
 Shoe Size                                       Favorites
Birth Certificate Driver’s License Passport      PIV Card
                                                     Biometrics.gov
Height                        Weight                                                             Sex                                              Address
                                                                                             Enrollment                     Enrollment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Phone Number
    DNA                                                          Enrollment
                                                                                                    Enrollment

                                                                                            Application    Enrollment
                                                                                                                                   Enrollment

                                                                                                                            Application   Enrollment




                                        Enrollment
                                                                        Enrollment

                                                                Application    Enrollment
                                                                                                    Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                          Application    Enrollment
                                                                                                                                   Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                                                          Application   Enrollment                                              IP Address
    Biometric                                  Enrollment

                                        Application   Enrollment
                                                                        Application   Enrollment

                                                                              Application    Enrollment
                                                                                                                  Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                                        Application    Enrollment
                                                                                                                                                 Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                                                                        Application   Enrollment


                       Enrollment                                                     Application   Enrollment                  Application   Enrollment       Application   Enrollment


                              Enrollment
                                               Application   Enrollment
                                                                                            Application    Enrollment                 Application    Enrollment       Application   Enrollment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Password
     Name             Application    Enrollment

                              Application   Enrollment
                                                      Application   Enrollment

                                                             Application   Enrollment
                                                                                                    Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                          Application    Enrollment
                                                                                                                                              Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                                                                    Application    Enrollment
                                                                                                                                                                             Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                                                                                                    Application   Enrollment
                                                                    Application   Enrollment
                                    Application    Enrollment                                                     Application   Enrollment                  Application   Enrollment       Application




Date of Birth
                Enrollment


                       Enrollment
                                            Application   Enrollment

                                                  Application    Enrollment
                                                                           Application   Enrollment

                                                                                  Application   Enrollment
                                                                                                                        Application    Enrollment

                                                                                                                                Application   Enrollment
                                                                                                                                                                  Application    Enrollment

                                                                                                                                                                          Application
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                E-mail
                Application   Enrollment                                                 Application   Enrollment
                                                          Application   Enrollment                                                    Application    Enrollment                 Application
                      Application    Enrollment                                                 Application   Enrollment




       SSN                    Application   Enrollment

                                    Application    Enrollment
                                                                Application    Enrollment

                                                                        Application   Enrollment
                                                                                                       Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                              Application   Enrollment
                                                                                                                                              Application   Enrollment

                                                                                                                                                    Application    Enrollment                     Mother’s Maiden Name
                                                                              Application    Enrollment                                                     Application
                                            Application   Enrollment                                                 Application   Enrollment
                                                                                      Application   Enrollment                                                    Application
                                                  Application    Enrollment                                                 Application   Enrollment



    Eye Color                                             Application   Enrollment

                                                                Application    Enrollment
                                                                                            Application    Enrollment

                                                                                                    Application   Enrollment
                                                                                                                                   Application


                                                                                                                                          Application                                                High School Mascot
                                                                                                          Application    Enrollment
                                                                        Application   Enrollment
                                                                                                                  Application



    Shoe Size                                                                 Application    Enrollment
                                                                                                                        Application
                                                                                      Application   Enrollment

                                                                                            Application                                                                                                  Favorites
                                                                                                    Application




  Birth Certificate                                   Driver’s License Passport                                                                                                                                    PIV Card
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Biometrics.gov
Identity Concentricity



                      Root
                      Core




001001
110110
001101




           One individual (core)
         Multiple identities/identifiers
                                           Biometrics.gov
Evolution of IdM Consciousness

• My little system
• My system and its partners
• My system, partners and others that influence
  us/them
• Collaboration within sectors of interest
• Enlightenment on need to view this holistically
• Holistic studies
• Holistic/individual action




                                                    Biometrics.gov
Government-supported
                 Studies/Work
• President’s Identity Theft Task Force
   • 2006-2007
• NSTC Task Force on Identity Management
   • Jan-Jul 2008
   • First Holistic Analysis
• NSTAC Identity Management Task Force
   • Dec 2008 – May 2009
   • External Advisory Committee
   • Initial tasking: Secure Authentication via Internet
• OECD/WPISP
   • Mar 2008 - Present
   • “The Role of Digital Identity Management in the Internet
     Economy: A Primer for Policymakers”
• CIO Council’s ISIMC
   • Established 2008
   • Addressing USG Credentialing issues
• 60-day Cyber Security review
   • Feb-May 2009
                                                                Biometrics.gov
Common Themes - Importance

• Identity Management is a critical, though often
  underappreciated, component of successful
  applications in a variety of sectors
• IdM can help remove barriers to collaboration and
  innovation by ensuring trust
• People/things have only one “true” identity, but
  several aliases with varying degrees of
  confidence in the linkages to the “true” identity.
   • How to enable and manage these identities properly in
     a single application is difficult, but is even more difficult
     across interconnected systems
• IdM activities in one application impacts and
  relies upon others, though these impacts aren’t
  normally understood or accounted for                               Biometrics.gov
Common Themes – R&D

• Technology available now is good, but
  improvements are needed to improve
  capabilities, resiliency, privacy protection,
  convenience and security
• Research is needed on how to best combine
  different technologies
• Researcher access to useful data is an inhibitor
• Side to side comparisons of technology options is
  difficult/confusing and isn’t keeping pace with
  new products



                                                      Biometrics.gov
Common Themes - Standards

• Interoperability is difficult if the systems do not
  share definitions and data structures
   • Increases the chance of errors, which would be
     propagated throughout the interconnected systems
• Market-based and consensus-supported
  standards most likely to be universally accepted
• The existence and use of universal standards (or
  lack thereof) is often viewed as an indicator of a
  market/technology’s maturity




                                                        Biometrics.gov
Common Themes - Privacy

• Improving IdM can actually enhance privacy
  protection over the status quo – if done properly
• Outreach is an important aspect of privacy policy
   • Even if the privacy policy is correct, negative public
     perception will scuttle a program quickly
• Privacy isn’t just for lawyers
   • Building protections directly into the technology will
     provide greater assurance that the protections are
     implemented thoroughly and consistently.
• A single IdM privacy breach creates enduring
  problems in multiple systems
• Privacy and security aren’t mutually exclusive

                                                              Biometrics.gov
Common Themes – Need for Governance

• Identity-based systems are inherently connected
  to one another. Overall governance is required to
  manage this properly rather than ad-hoc or not at
  all
• All levels of government have the responsibility to
  ensure the safety and wellbeing of its citizenry –
  and IdM has clear impacts on national security,
  the economy, cyberspace, and individual
  healthcare
• Government must provide leadership and work
  with all stakeholders to create favorable
  conditions for the development of IdM that
  benefits users
                                                        Biometrics.gov
What about cybersecurity?

• Identity management is a small but critical
  component of cyber security
• Cyber security is a small but critical component of
  identity management



• Which of the above you initially think of depends
  on your background – but both are true




                                                        Biometrics.gov
Other Interesting Points – NSTC
      Future State Vision




                              Biometrics.gov
Looking to the Future

• Standards development
• Policy coordination
• Public/Private partnership




                                   Biometrics.gov
We certainly want to get this right…




Disclaimer
Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does
not imply endorsement of any kind.                                                       Biometrics.gov
Duane Blackburn
dblackburn@ostp.eop.gov
      202-456-6068




                          Biometrics.gov

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Identity Management Policy - The End of the Beginning?

  • 1. Identity Management Policy: The end of the beginning? Duane Blackburn Office of Science & Technology Policy July 28, 2009 Biometrics.gov
  • 2. Why Identity Matters US Constitution We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Biometrics.gov
  • 3. IdM Today: Identity Theft Disclaimer Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not imply endorsement of any kind. Biometrics.gov
  • 4. IdM Today: Counterterrorism Disclaimer Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not imply endorsement of any kind. Biometrics.gov
  • 5. IdM Today: Healthcare Biometrics.gov
  • 6. IdM Today: Social Networking Disclaimer Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not imply endorsement of any kind. Biometrics.gov
  • 7. IdM Today: Object Identity Disclaimer Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not imply endorsement of any kind. Biometrics.gov
  • 8. IdM Today: Privacy Invasion? Disclaimer Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not imply endorsement of any kind. Biometrics.gov
  • 9. Building an IdM System Height Weight Sex Address Phone Number DNA IP Address Biometric Enrollment Password Name Date of Birth E-mail SSN Mother’s Maiden Name Application Eye Color High School Mascot Shoe Size Favorites Birth Certificate Driver’s License Passport PIV Card Biometrics.gov
  • 10. Height Weight Sex Address Enrollment Enrollment Phone Number DNA Enrollment Enrollment Application Enrollment Enrollment Application Enrollment Enrollment Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment IP Address Biometric Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Password Name Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Date of Birth Enrollment Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Application E-mail Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Application Enrollment Application Enrollment SSN Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Mother’s Maiden Name Application Enrollment Application Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Eye Color Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Application High School Mascot Application Enrollment Application Enrollment Application Shoe Size Application Enrollment Application Application Enrollment Application Favorites Application Birth Certificate Driver’s License Passport PIV Card Biometrics.gov
  • 11. Identity Concentricity Root Core 001001 110110 001101 One individual (core) Multiple identities/identifiers Biometrics.gov
  • 12. Evolution of IdM Consciousness • My little system • My system and its partners • My system, partners and others that influence us/them • Collaboration within sectors of interest • Enlightenment on need to view this holistically • Holistic studies • Holistic/individual action Biometrics.gov
  • 13. Government-supported Studies/Work • President’s Identity Theft Task Force • 2006-2007 • NSTC Task Force on Identity Management • Jan-Jul 2008 • First Holistic Analysis • NSTAC Identity Management Task Force • Dec 2008 – May 2009 • External Advisory Committee • Initial tasking: Secure Authentication via Internet • OECD/WPISP • Mar 2008 - Present • “The Role of Digital Identity Management in the Internet Economy: A Primer for Policymakers” • CIO Council’s ISIMC • Established 2008 • Addressing USG Credentialing issues • 60-day Cyber Security review • Feb-May 2009 Biometrics.gov
  • 14. Common Themes - Importance • Identity Management is a critical, though often underappreciated, component of successful applications in a variety of sectors • IdM can help remove barriers to collaboration and innovation by ensuring trust • People/things have only one “true” identity, but several aliases with varying degrees of confidence in the linkages to the “true” identity. • How to enable and manage these identities properly in a single application is difficult, but is even more difficult across interconnected systems • IdM activities in one application impacts and relies upon others, though these impacts aren’t normally understood or accounted for Biometrics.gov
  • 15. Common Themes – R&D • Technology available now is good, but improvements are needed to improve capabilities, resiliency, privacy protection, convenience and security • Research is needed on how to best combine different technologies • Researcher access to useful data is an inhibitor • Side to side comparisons of technology options is difficult/confusing and isn’t keeping pace with new products Biometrics.gov
  • 16. Common Themes - Standards • Interoperability is difficult if the systems do not share definitions and data structures • Increases the chance of errors, which would be propagated throughout the interconnected systems • Market-based and consensus-supported standards most likely to be universally accepted • The existence and use of universal standards (or lack thereof) is often viewed as an indicator of a market/technology’s maturity Biometrics.gov
  • 17. Common Themes - Privacy • Improving IdM can actually enhance privacy protection over the status quo – if done properly • Outreach is an important aspect of privacy policy • Even if the privacy policy is correct, negative public perception will scuttle a program quickly • Privacy isn’t just for lawyers • Building protections directly into the technology will provide greater assurance that the protections are implemented thoroughly and consistently. • A single IdM privacy breach creates enduring problems in multiple systems • Privacy and security aren’t mutually exclusive Biometrics.gov
  • 18. Common Themes – Need for Governance • Identity-based systems are inherently connected to one another. Overall governance is required to manage this properly rather than ad-hoc or not at all • All levels of government have the responsibility to ensure the safety and wellbeing of its citizenry – and IdM has clear impacts on national security, the economy, cyberspace, and individual healthcare • Government must provide leadership and work with all stakeholders to create favorable conditions for the development of IdM that benefits users Biometrics.gov
  • 19. What about cybersecurity? • Identity management is a small but critical component of cyber security • Cyber security is a small but critical component of identity management • Which of the above you initially think of depends on your background – but both are true Biometrics.gov
  • 20. Other Interesting Points – NSTC Future State Vision Biometrics.gov
  • 21. Looking to the Future • Standards development • Policy coordination • Public/Private partnership Biometrics.gov
  • 22. We certainly want to get this right… Disclaimer Use of advertisements in this presentation is for demonstration purposes only and does not imply endorsement of any kind. Biometrics.gov
  • 23. Duane Blackburn dblackburn@ostp.eop.gov 202-456-6068 Biometrics.gov