1. The Executive Branch CARRIES OUT LAWS

3. The Presidency

4. The Job of the Vice President

5. Presidential Succession

6. The Cabinet as Advisers

7. The Cabinet

8. Selecting the Heads of Departments

9. The Role of the Cabinet

10. The Executive Office and the White House Staff

11. Executive Office of the President

14. Unofficial Qualifications Experience in Government Senator Governor “Campaign Che$t” Majority Views: Conservative Moderate Liberal

16. The Job of the Vice President Only Two Official Duties: Votes in the Senate to break a tie Replacing the President when unable to carry out his duties Unofficial Jobs: “Balancing the Ticket” Other Special Tasks as Needed by President Vice President Joe Biden

17. Presidential Succession 43 men have been President 9 were Vice Presidents who became President on the death or resignation of a President Constitutional Sources: Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 Twenty-Fifth Amendment (1967)

19. 1,000’s of workers

20. Billions of dollars in budgets

21. Article II, Section 2, Clause 1:“The President…may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of the respective offices…”

22. The Cabinet

24. Experience managing large organizations

25. Interest Groups

26. Balance:

27. Geographic

28. Rural & Urban

29. Gender

30. Ethnicity

33. 15 departments

34. Other agencies, commissions, and councils

35. Executive Office of the President (EOP)

36. White House Office

37. 3 goals:

38. Offer Advice/information for decisions

39. Carry out ideas (write bills, enact laws, etc.)

41. White House Office Key Staff and Personal Advisers Do not need to be confirmed by Congress Chief of Staff: Manages White House White House Counsel: Legal Advice Press Secretary: Briefings for Media Rahm Emmanuel Bob Bauer The Go-To Guys Robert Gibbs

43. Constitutional Sources of Power

44. Informal Sources of Power

45. Limits on Presidential Powers

46. Roles and Duties of the President

47. Constitutional Roles

48. Unofficial Roles

49. Presidential Leadership

50. The Qualities of Presidential Leadership

53. Limitations on Power Checks and Balances: Appointments must be confirmed by the Senate (Legislative) Recess Appointments (loophole) Veto can be overridden (Legislative) Power of the Purse (Legislative) Constitutionality of Presidential Acts (Judiciary)

54. Expansion of Power Informal Powers: Acquiring territory (Louisiana Purchase, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, etc.) National Crises Civil War Great Depression Mandate: strong support of the people “The Bully Pulpit”

56. Constitutional Roles Head of State (ceremonial duties) Chief Executive Chief Legislator Chief Diplomat Command in Chief

57. Unofficial Roles Economic Planner Head of his political party Campaigner

58. Qualities of Presidential Leadership Public Support Communication Timing Flexibility Compromise Political Courage

60. The Executive Departments

61. Independent Agencies

62. Independent Regulatory Commissions

63. The Civil Service System

64. The Beginning of the Civil Service System

65. The Modern Civil Service System

66. Political Activities

67. The Many Jobs of the Bureaucracy

68. The Work of the Bureaucracy

69. The Growing Influence of Bureaucrats

74. The Civil Service System Civil servants: federal government workers Patronage: government jobs Spoils system: hiring only your supporters Pendleton Act (1883): reform of government employment Political Appointees: president chooses (≈2,200) Career civil servant: not chosen

75. The Modern Civil Service Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Independent Agency of the Executive Branch Director appointed by President Senate approves appointment Main recruiter for jobs Civil Service Exams Hatch Act (1939): fed. workers can vote, but not participate in any other political activities Federal Employees Political Activities Act (1993)

76. The Bureaucracy ≈3 million employees Only 300,000 work in Washington D.C. Bureaucrats influence national policy: Writing rules and regulations to carry out laws Helping Congress write proposed laws Settling arguments over what regulations mean Advising Congress and other decision-makers

77. Growing Influence of Bureaucrats Growth of the nation Growth of technology Economic problems Pressure of client groups International problems