2. FEUDALISM
Feudalism: A highly decentralized political system in which public powers of minting, justice,
Taxation and defense were vested in the hands of a private lord.
3. WHAT WAS THE RELATIONSHIP
BET WEEN FEUDALISM AND THE RISE
OF NATIONAL MONARCHIES?
4. Fief: contract in which someone granted
something of value to someone else in return for a
service
• Land grant implied subordination
• Vassal
• Lord
• Homage
Most developed and lasted the longest in France
• 10th and 11th centuries-minimal feudal pyramids
• 12th & 13th powerful lords insisted on pyramid structure
FEUDALISM 101
5. Lord
Land grant implied subordination
Vassal
Could grant land to subordinate
Vassals
Homage
Duty owed in return for Land Grant
Ceremonial or Military
7. FEUDALISM AND ADMINISTRATIVE
GOVERNMENT IN ENGLAND
England
Battle of Hastings 1066
William the Conqueror (1066-1100)
Normans—extensive grants of English land
King
Only the king could coin money
National land tax
Summon population to arms
All landholders owed loyalty to crown
9. THE DOMESDAY BOOK 1085
Compiled by William to survey his English lands
Who owned the land before 1066.
Who owned the land at the time of Domesday in 1086.
How it changed hands.
What that land was worth, and what manors it was associated with.
How many peasants (called bordars and villani) tended that land.
10. HENRY I (1100-1135)
Created the Exchequer
Appointed sherif fs to supervise counties
Traveling circuit judges
Checked power of landowners and sheriffs
11. HENRY II (1154-1189)
Henry II (1154-1189)
Grandson of Henry I
Ruled Normandy; Anjou; Aquitaine & England through
marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor originally married to Louis VII of France
Louis had marriage annulled when she failed to bear
him sons
Eleanor received the land (her dowry) back
Henry married her 8 weeks later and the lands of
Aquitaine went to Henry
Expanded use of juries to determine facts in civil (not
criminal) cases
Conflict with the Church
Henry’s knights murder Thomas Becket Archbishop of
Canterbury in 1170 after he sides with the Church
against Henry
Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer written in context
of pilgrimage to Canterbury
13. Richard I (aka Richard Lionheart) (R 1188-1199)
3 rd Crusade
Spent only 6 months in England During his reign
Imprisoned in Germany and Ransomed by John I
14. JOHN I OF ENGLAND (R. 1199-1216)
Taxes and fines on aristocracy and free artisans to
recover lands in France and ransom Richard I
1214 failed military campaign in France
1215 Runnymede, forced to sign Magna Carta
15. Henry III (1216-1272)
Perfected legal system ―English Common Law‖
Taxed both Nobles and commoners in proportion to their
income
16. EDWARD I OF ENGLAND (R.
1272-1307)
Parliament
Assembly of nobles, clergy and townsmen
Announce tax levies
Hear judicial cases involving higher nobility
Review local administration
Hear complaints
18. FRANCE
• Centralized
Bureaucracy
• Protectors of
Popes
• King as
Feudal Lord
19. Produced uninterrupted line of
sons for 300 years
France
Long-lived
Direct rule over Paris and
surrounding area
Capet Dynasty
Rich agriculture
Protectors of popes
Patronized University of Paris
(Sorbonne)
20. Louis VI (the Fat) (1108-1137)
Consolidated control over land around Paris
Louis VII (1137-1180)
Incited rebellions by Henry II’s sons against
their father
Kept Henry II from increasing power in France
21. Philip II (1179-1223)
Philip II (1179-1223)
Went on 3 rd Crusade with Richard Lionheart
Built a wall around Paris before he left on Crusade
Claimed homage from John in return for lands in
France (which John already owned as son of Henry)
Confiscated lands
Appointed royal officials with judicial, military and
administrative authority (no separation of powers)
22. Louis IX (Saint Louis) (1226-1270)
• Increased French
control of lands in
France
• Engaged in last
crusades
• Purchased Holy
Crown of Jesus
Christ from Baldwin
II of Constantinople
• Expelled all Jews
engaged in Usury
from France
• Instituted an
Inquisition
• Engaged in self-
flagellation
23. PHILIP IV (1285-1314)
• Wars against Flanders and
England
• Raised taxes on commoners but
not nobility who were exempt
from paying direct taxes to
crown
• Estates General
• Expelled all Jews from France
• Burned Grand Master of Knights
Templar at the stake
24. CENTRALIT Y OF CHURCH TO
POWER OF KING
INDEPENDENCE OF PRINCES
Germany
Territories
Switzerland
Eastern France
Belgium & Netherlands
Northern Italy
Relied heavily on cooperation with Church
Church leaders frequently members of royal family
appointed by emperor
Henry IV & Henry V (1056-1125)
Conflicts with Dukes of Saxony & Pope Gregory VII
Civil war
Investiture
Enabled German princes to rule ―principalities‖ with larger
independence than existed in France or England
New Emperors must be elected from among the Princes
and approved by the Pope
25. INVESTITURE CONFLICT
Pope Gregory VII (1073 -1085)
Election violently supported by a mob of Romans
Violated terms of Papal decree of 1059
Caused friction between Pope and Henry IV
Could a lay person appoint Bishops or Abbots?
Gregory VII prohibited all clerics from accepting church
offices from a layman even if the layman was a king
Henry IV refused to accept this and appointed a new
archbishop in Milan
Gregory reminded Henry that Gregory was the successor
to St. Peter and Henry owed Gregory the same
obedience
Gregory renounced his obedience to Gregory reminding
Gregory that his election as Pope violated the decree of
1059
Gregory excommunicated Henry and called on his
subjects to rebel
Saxon Nobility renewed their civil war
Henry must humble himself at Canossa