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Environmental Challenges
Population and Resources
Nearly 80 million person population increase
  each year, mostly in developing world
= strained resources and systems
Developed World
Nearly 85% of earth’s resources are consumed
 by 20% of the world’s population
Environmental challenges 1
Global Warming
Global warming= increase in global
  temperatures
 abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide
  concentrated in the atmosphere
The recent temperature trend is accompanied by a
                   similar, highly-correlated upward trend in atmospheric
                               concentrations of carbon dioxide.
                                  Is it due to human activity?




The "Keeling Curve" of CO2 concentrations as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory
in Hawaii.
Source: http://www.research.noaa.gov/spotlite/archive/images/jimomedal_graph.gif
Normal CO2 Levels
 Short Wave and Long Wave Radiation
1) Sun emits rays called short-wave radiation
   (light rays)
2) Short wave radiation is either absorbed into
   the earth’s surface or reflected back into
   space
High CO2 Levels
Environmental challenges 1
Environmental challenges 1
Consequences
• Canada’s Arctic regions’ sea ice is shrinking
• Warmer weather= forest fires & Prairie
  droughts
• British Columbia- salmon survival decreased
  by 1/3 since early 1990s
• Polar bear depletion
Kyoto Protocol
December 1997- 180 countries
  - agreement among industrialized nations to
  reduce emission of six greenhouse gases
Canada- agreed to cut emissions 5.2% (1990
  levels) by 2012
US- withdrew in 2001 (US was responsible for
  25% worldwide emissions)= big setback for
  Kyoto Protocol
Ozone Depletion
Ozone layer=naturally occurring protective
  shield in the stratosphere, 25 km+ into space
Job= absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from
  the sun
protects humans, plants, and animals
Ozone Gaps and Holes
Gaps and holes= harmful rays

How? Scientists think it’s due to human activity
Environmental challenges 1
CFCs
Chlorofluorocarbons= danger gas that
  chemically bonds to the ozone layer and eat
  away at the o.l.
Where do you find CFCs?
Consequences?
• Skin cancer
• Altered ocean ecosystems fishing
  tourism, logging
• Harmful to flora and fauna of Canada’s north
Montreal Protocol
1987- Montreal Protocol- industrial nations
  agreed to cut use of CFCs
Acid Rain
SO2and NOx carried long distances by strong
  winds deposited in acidic
  rain, snow, fog, dust
Deposition Effects
Effects
Environmental challenges 1
Cda vs USA?
• 2/3 of CDA’s caused by INDUSTRY
• 2/3 of USA’s from ELECTRICAL UTILITIES
Consequences
• Eastern Canada, the Alps, the
  Appalachians, the US, and Japan
• Animals and plants
• Ecosystems
• Corrodes steel
• Lung capacity
Acid Rain Regime
•   Lower emissions fossil fuels
•   1990- Clean Air Act- tradeable permits
•   1991- Air Quality Accord-US and Canada
•   1993-emissions reduced by 30%
Environmental Awareness
1962- Rachel Carson- Silent Spring
1987- UN Commission on the State of the
  Environment asked people of the developed
  world to reduce resource consumption & develop
  a sustainability lifestyle
1992- Earth Summit- Agenda 21 (encourage
  development of a sustainable world economy)
1992- World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity-
  earth stewardship
However…
There has been little progress by governments
  and corporation
Implementation=Losses

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Environmental challenges 1

  • 2. Population and Resources Nearly 80 million person population increase each year, mostly in developing world = strained resources and systems
  • 3. Developed World Nearly 85% of earth’s resources are consumed by 20% of the world’s population
  • 5. Global Warming Global warming= increase in global temperatures  abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide concentrated in the atmosphere
  • 6. The recent temperature trend is accompanied by a similar, highly-correlated upward trend in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. Is it due to human activity? The "Keeling Curve" of CO2 concentrations as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Source: http://www.research.noaa.gov/spotlite/archive/images/jimomedal_graph.gif
  • 7. Normal CO2 Levels Short Wave and Long Wave Radiation 1) Sun emits rays called short-wave radiation (light rays) 2) Short wave radiation is either absorbed into the earth’s surface or reflected back into space
  • 11. Consequences • Canada’s Arctic regions’ sea ice is shrinking • Warmer weather= forest fires & Prairie droughts • British Columbia- salmon survival decreased by 1/3 since early 1990s • Polar bear depletion
  • 12. Kyoto Protocol December 1997- 180 countries - agreement among industrialized nations to reduce emission of six greenhouse gases Canada- agreed to cut emissions 5.2% (1990 levels) by 2012 US- withdrew in 2001 (US was responsible for 25% worldwide emissions)= big setback for Kyoto Protocol
  • 13. Ozone Depletion Ozone layer=naturally occurring protective shield in the stratosphere, 25 km+ into space Job= absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun protects humans, plants, and animals
  • 14. Ozone Gaps and Holes Gaps and holes= harmful rays How? Scientists think it’s due to human activity
  • 16. CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons= danger gas that chemically bonds to the ozone layer and eat away at the o.l.
  • 17. Where do you find CFCs?
  • 18. Consequences? • Skin cancer • Altered ocean ecosystems fishing tourism, logging • Harmful to flora and fauna of Canada’s north
  • 19. Montreal Protocol 1987- Montreal Protocol- industrial nations agreed to cut use of CFCs
  • 20. Acid Rain SO2and NOx carried long distances by strong winds deposited in acidic rain, snow, fog, dust
  • 24. Cda vs USA? • 2/3 of CDA’s caused by INDUSTRY • 2/3 of USA’s from ELECTRICAL UTILITIES
  • 25. Consequences • Eastern Canada, the Alps, the Appalachians, the US, and Japan • Animals and plants • Ecosystems • Corrodes steel • Lung capacity
  • 26. Acid Rain Regime • Lower emissions fossil fuels • 1990- Clean Air Act- tradeable permits • 1991- Air Quality Accord-US and Canada • 1993-emissions reduced by 30%
  • 27. Environmental Awareness 1962- Rachel Carson- Silent Spring 1987- UN Commission on the State of the Environment asked people of the developed world to reduce resource consumption & develop a sustainability lifestyle 1992- Earth Summit- Agenda 21 (encourage development of a sustainable world economy) 1992- World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity- earth stewardship
  • 28. However… There has been little progress by governments and corporation Implementation=Losses