3. • the concept has a millennial history
• there are many possible definitions
• is it the opposite of vulnerability?
• should it focus on the community scale?
• an objective, a process or a strategy? .
Resilience
4. RESILIENCE:
as a material has brittle
strength and ductility:
society must have an optimum
combination of resistance to
hazard impacts and ability
to adapt to them.
8. Can we really understand a holistic
concept like resilience by breaking
it down into its component parts?
Is the category approach helpful or
merely a hindrance to understanding?
11. Is resilience a paradigm?
Paradigm: a conceptual or methodological
model underlying the theories and practices
of a science or discipline at a particular time.
14. Proposition: the opposite of resilience
is not vulnerability, or failure to
prepare for disaster, it is corruption.
15. • corruption
• political decision-making
• shoddy building (often wilful)
• ignorance (sometimes wilful)
• seismicity.
What causes earthquake disasters?
- in probable order of importance -
16. • difficult to define
• virtually impossible to measure
• extremely pervasive, endogenous
• moral and ethical frameworks vary
• links with other ills (black economy).
Corruption
22. • it is different for natural, social
technological and intentional disasters
• the principal problem refers to
exceptional high-magnitude events
• 'black swans' do not exist in this field
• neither do 'fat-tailed' distributions
(but skewed distributions do exist)
• scenarios for uncertainty are difficult.
Challenges of coping with uncertainty
31. It is often argued that the
concept of resilience is best
applied at the community level.
32. • a social grouping that may or may not
occupy a definable physical space
• an open-ended concept with no
predefined geographical scale
• a heterogeneous group of people with
different views and perspectives
• a power structure that exists for the
benefit of the powerful (elite capture).
What is a community?
34. • a source of factions and conflict
• dominated by powerful individuals
• indifferent to disaster risk reduction
• lacking in social cohesion
• indisposed to act without coercion.
Communities may be...
35. BENIGN (healthy)
at the service of the people
MALIGN (corrupt)
at the service of vested interests
interplay dialectic
Justification Development
[spiritual, cultural, political, economic]
IDEOLOGY CULTURE
39. Broad professional training
in emergency management
Professional experience
and training
Disciplinary training
(e.g. bachelor's degree)
Common
culture
Common
language
Common
objectives
40. • advances in knowledge
have had a valuable impact
• the whole DRR problem is
better known than ever before
• interdisciplinary research and problem-
solving have made some progress
• but the balance is still weighted heavily
in favour of a worsening situation.
In a positive sense...
41. Armaments
Drug trade
People trafficking
Forced migration
Censorship
Tax havens
Tax avoidance
Domination
Repression
Polarisation
Expoitation
Dictatorship
Rape
Attrocities
Denial of asylum
Warfare
Asymetrical conflict
Militias
Terrorism
Poverty
Torture
Enslavement
Suppression of dissent
Racism
Domestic violence
Hunger
Refugees
