STOMATOLOGY

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6. These bacteria possess biochemical capacities for the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases .

9. There are two types of calculus: Supragingival calculus is the hard deposit on top of the teeth, the kind we can see and feel. Subgingival calculus forms below the gums. It is just as hard and adherent as supragingival calculus, this allows the bacteria to congregate in greater numbers. Though it is difficult to remove plaque formed on top of/within subgingival calculus, it is necessary to do because these pathogens cause more periodontal tissue breakdown.

11. Supragingival dental plaque, early stage in formation. Supragingival dental plaque, late stage in formation.

12. If plaque is allowed to build up on the teeth, toxin or enzymes produced by the bacteria can damage the attachment of the gums, periodontal ligament, and bone to the teeth.

14. If the inflammation is allowed to continue, the bone will begin to demineralize and dissolve. This stage is known as periodontitis . As the bone dissolves around the teeth, the teeth become unsupported and will fall out.

15. As more bone is destroyed, the tooth begins to loosen and, as the pockets get deeper, abscesses often occur. Sometimes the gum will shrink as bone underneath is destroyed so that part of the root will become visible in the mouth

17. 2.Local contributing factors may increase the risk or severity of periodontal disease: 1.Oral hygiene: 2.Food impaction 3.Tauma from occlusion

20. Classification of gingival disease Gingival disease Chronic gingivitis Gingival hyperplasia System Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Acute papilla gingivalista Acute multiple abscesses of the gingiva Margingnal gingvitis Hyperplastic gingvitis Puberty gingivitis Pregnancy gingvitis Drug-induced Hereditary gingival fibromatosis Epulis Gingivitis associated systemic diseases

21. Classification of periodontitis

23. Eatiology Smear for fusospirochaetal bacteria fusospirochaetal bacteria Some reasons Defense of host ANUG

24. Existing gingivitis and periodontitis are important contributing factor Deep pocket are suitable for bacteria growth Local or systemic factor make bacteria grow

30. Multiple papillae Acute suppurative inflammation 3.Acute multiple abscesses of the gingivae Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Acute papilla gingivalista Acute multiple abscesses of the gingivae

37. 2.Hereditary gingival fibromatosis

43. The main topic Definition : Dental plaque Calculus Classification of periodontal diseases