The document discusses the field of pediatrics, including: 1. It outlines the different stages of childhood by age, from fetal period to adolescence, describing key features and health care needs at each stage. 2. It describes the characteristics of pediatrics, highlighting differences between pediatric and adult patients in areas like anatomy, physiology, immunology and types of diseases seen. 3. It discusses the scope and tasks of pediatrics, which involves caring for infants, children and adolescents, and promoting their growth, development and overall health.

1. 儿科学 Pediatrics (Introduction) Rongxiu Zheng, MD Pediatric Dpt. General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University

7. 1. infective disease 2. psycho-behavior problem 3. accidental injury 4. congenital anomalies 5. prevention of adult disease in childhood 儿科学Pediatrics Tasks in 21’ century

12. Changes in body proportions from the 2nd fetal mo to adulthood. (From Robbins WJ, Brody S, Hogan AG, et al: Growth. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1928.)

13. Images from http://www.yoursurgery.com/ProcedureDetails.cfm?BR=4&Proc=19 Pediatric Anatomy NOT TO SCALE

14. Pediatric Anatomy Images from http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/ Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/Motor%20Systems/infant_skull.jpg and http://www.uoftbookstore.com/online/prodimg/49090.jpg NOT TO SCALE

15. Pediatric Airway Considerations

17. Pediatric Respiratory Rates Age Rate (breaths per minute) Infant (birth–1 year) 30–60 Toddler (1–3 years) 24–40 Preschooler (3–6 years) 22–34 School-age (6–12 years) 18–30 Adolescent (12–18 years) 12–16

19. Pediatric Pulse Rates Age Low High Infant (birth–1 year) 100 160 Toddler (1–3 years) 90 150 Preschooler (3–6 years) 80 140 School-age (6–12 years) 70 120 Adolescent (12–18 years) 60 100

20. Low-Normal Pediatric Systolic Blood Pressure Age * Low Normal Infant (birth–1 year) greater than 60* Toddler (1–3 years) greater than 70* Preschooler (3–6 years) greater than 75 School-age (6–12 years) greater than 80 Adolescent (12–18 years) greater than 90

25. 儿科学Pediatrics disparity in immunology

26. Pediatric Characteristics in Basic Medicine Children differ greatly from adults in pathological changes osteomalacia Rickets Vitamin D deficiency bone marrow hematopoiesis hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac and liver Stress Lobar pneumonia bronchopneu-monia Streptococcus pneumoniae Adolescents or Adults Infants

36. 儿科学Pediatrics ⑴ Function of various organ system; (2) Degree of immunity to disease; (3) Response to the effects of disease; (4) Drug dosages and tolerance to drugs; (5) Mental and motor ability, and (6) Pattern of emotional response. There are differences for these various age levels in

39. Schematic illustration of the sensitive or critical periods in prenatal development. Dark boxes denote highly sensitive periods; light boxes indicate states that are less sensitive to teratogens. (From Moore KL: Before We Are Born: Basic Embryology and Birth Defects, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1977.)

48. Which age stages do the children of 5 days, 5 months and 15 year-old belong to respectively? What are their features? What should their health care be? 【 Question 】

49. Thanks for Attention!