This document discusses carotid endarterectomy for stroke prevention. It provides background on strokes, defines different types of strokes, and outlines diagnostic techniques. The bulk of the document focuses on carotid endarterectomy, describing what it is, the history of the procedure, how it is performed, and results from major clinical trials demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing stroke risk compared to medical management alone for patients with significant carotid artery stenosis. The document emphasizes awareness of new techniques and treatments to prevent strokes.