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CHAPTER 1 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1) Who were jobbers?
2) In 1720, what did the English Parliament do in response to corporate high jinks?
3) What was the South Sea Company?
4) What did the Bubble Act make a criminal offense?
5) What is the genius of the corporation as a business form and its reason for its remarkable rise?
6) What does "limited liability" mean?
7) How did NJ & Delaware seek to attract valuable incorporation business to their jurisdictions?
8) Between 1898 & 1904, America went from having 1,800 corporations to having how many?
9) By the end of the 19th century, courts had fully transformed the corporation into a what?
10) In 1886 the Supreme Court decided that corporations should be protected by what Amendment?
11) In 1908, AT&T launched an advertising campaign, the first of its kind, that aimed at doing what?
12) What term is used to describe the trend of corporations crafting softened images of themselves with
promises of good corporate citizenship & practices of better wages & working conditions?
13) What package of regulatory reforms designed to restore economic health by, among other things, curbing
the powers & freedoms of corporations, did President Roosevelt create in 1934?
14) What was formed in 1973 which operated in cartel-like fashion to control the world's oil supply?
15) What was introduced in 1948 that enabled corporations to take advantage of their newfound mobility without
suffering punishing financial penalties?
16) The deregulatory logic of economic globalization was deepened in 1993 with the creation of what?
17) Fill in the blank: Corporations now ______________ society, perhaps more than governments themselves do.
18) What do corporations use today to create unique & attractive personalities for themselves?
WHAT COMES TO MIND WHEN YOU HEAR/READ THE WORD
                “CORPORATION”
           CORPORATION VS BUSINESS
WHAT IS A CORPORATION?




CLIP 1: WHAT IS A CORPORATION?
-CORPORATION: A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS WORKING TOGETHER TO SERVE A
VARIETY OF OBJECTIVES.
-“CORPUS”: LATIN “BODY OF PEOPLE.”
-THE MAIN OBJECTIVE:
-TO EARN LARGE, GROWING, SUSTAINED, LEGAL RETURNS ($$$) FOR THE
PEOPLE WHO OWN THE BUSINESS.
-FORMS:
      -BUSINESS
      -GOVERNMENT
      -POLITICAL
      -RELIGIOUS
      -CHARITABLE (NON-PROFIT)
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:

1) LIMITED LIABILITY
    -A PERSON’S FINANCIAL LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO THE
    VALUE OF A PERSON’S INVESTMENT

2) PERPETUAL SUCCESSION
   -THE CONTINUATION OF A CORPORATION’S EXISTENCE
   DESPITE THE DEATH, BANKRUPTCY, EXIT FROM THE
   BUSINESS, ETC. OF ANY OWNER/MEMBER


DISADVANTAGES:

1) COST & TIME TO ESTABLISH & MAINTAIN
2) LEGAL REQUIREMENTS & REGULATORY RED TAPE
THE CORPORATION HAS BECOME THE WORLD’S DOMINANT ECONOMIC
                         INSTITUTION

WE ARE INESCAPABLY SURROUNDED BY THEIR CULTURE, ICONOGRAPHY, &
                         IDEAOLOGY

CORPORATIONS:

GOVERN OUR LIVES

DETERMINE WHAT WE EAT

WHAT WE WATCH

WHAT WE WEAR

WHERE WE WORK

WHAT WE DO
“THE CORPORATION’S DRAMATIC RISE TO
  DOMINANCE IS ONE OF THE REMARKABLE
  EVENTS OF MODERN HISTORY, NOT LEAST
BECAUSE OF THE INSTITUTION’S INAUSPICIOUS
             BEGINNINGS.”



                HISTORY

        CLIP 2: BIRTH & EVOLUTION
THE RISE OF THE CORPORATION IN EUROPE
•EARLY ON, THE CORPORATION WAS ENGULFED IN CORRUPTION & FRAUD.


•JOBBERS
STOCKBROKERS WHO PROWLED LONDON’S COFFEE SHOPS IN SEARCH OF INVESTORS TO SELL SHARES IN
BOGUS COMPANIES.


•SOUTH SEA COMPANY:
CORPORATION FORMED TO CARRY ON EXCLUSIVE TRADE (MONOLOPY) WITH SPANISH COLONIES OF SOUTH
AMERICA. IN EXCHANGE, IT ASSUMED THE NATIONAL DEBT ENGLAND INCURRED DURING THE WAR OF SPANISH
SUCCESSION.


•SOUTH SEA BUBBLE:
TO WIN OVER POLITICIANS, THE COMPANY GAVE STOCKS IN THEIR BUSINESS. THE POLITICIANS THEN SOLD
THEM BACK TO THE COMPANY FOR PROFIT.


•BUBBLE ACT:
CRIMINAL OFFENSE TO CREATE A COMPANY PRESUMING TO BE A CORPORATE BODY & TO ISSUE TRANSFERABLE
STOCKS WITHOUT LEGAL AUTHORITY.


•1720: ENGLISH PARLIAMENT OUTLAWED THE CORPORATION.
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS/CREATIONS
       COTTON GIN: 1793
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS/CREATIONS
       CLERMONT (1807)
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS/CREATIONS
CUMBERLAND ROAD: CUMBERLAND, MD – VANDALIA, IL
                 (1811-1839)
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS/CREATIONS
       TELEGRAPH (1860)
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS/CREATIONS
TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD (1869)
THE RISE OF THE CORPORATION IN AMERICA
     GREW OUT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
                 (MID 1700‘S - MID 1800’S)


-INDUSTRIALIZATION IN AMERICA INVOLVED 3 IMPORTANT
DEVELOPMENTS:
1) TRANSPORTATION
2) ELECTRICITY
3) TECHNOLOGY
FIRST TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

FINISHED: MAY 10, 1860 AT PROMONTORY SUMMIT, UTAH
THE 2 FEDERALLY CHARTERED ENTERPRISES THAT BUILT THE
                        RAILROAD:

1)UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD CORPORATION
2)CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY
THE RAILROAD & COPORATE AMERICA

-AS THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY GREW, SO DID THE NUMBER OF
CORPORATIONS TO RUN IT

-US LAID MORE THAN 100,000 MILES OF TRACK BETWEEN 1865-1885

-BY MIDDLE OF 19TH CENTURY, MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE BEGAN TO
INVEST IN CORPORATE SHARES OF RAILROAD CORPORATIONS

-LIMITIED LIABILITY BORN

      -LIABILITY OF SHAREHOLDERS LIMITIED TO THE AMOUNTS
      THEY INVESTED IN A COMPANY
ECONOMIC PARADIGM CHANGE: AGRARIAN TO MANUFACTURING


-AS INDUSTRIES & FACTORIES AROSE, PEOPLE MOVED FROM FARM TOWNS
TO CITIES.
-BY 1900 3 AMERICAN CITIES HAD A POPULATION OVER 1 MILLION:


                        NEW YORK: 3.5 MILLION
                        CHICAGO: 1.7 MILLION
                      PHILADELPHIA: 1.3 MILLION
REVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION
-NEW JERSEY & DELAWARE: SOUGHT TO ATTRACT CORPORATIONS BY
GETTING RID OF UNPOPULAR GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS




DEREGULATION:
-THE REMOVAL OR REDUCTION OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL ON HOW
BUSINESS IS DONE.
14TH AMENDMENT
PASSED AT END OF CIVIL WAR TO GIVE EQUAL RIGHTS TO
               AFRICAN-AMERICANS.
 “ NO STATE CAN DEPRIVE A PERSON OF LIFE, LIBERTY,
        OR PROPERTY WITHOUT DUE PROCESS.”




CORPORATIONS ARGUED THAT THEY ARE A “PERSON” &
      IN 1886 THE SUPREME COURT AGREED.
CLIP 3: A LEGAL “PERSON”
THE CORPORATION AS A “PERSON”
-THE SUPREME COURT DECISION RECONCEIVED THE CORPORATION AS A
FREE & INDEPENDENT BEING
-THE CORPORATION ENJOYS MANY OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS SUCH AS
THE ABILITY TO:
      -OWN PROPERTY
      -SIGN BINDING CONTRACTS
      -PAY TAXES
      -HAVE CERTAIN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
      -PARTICIPATE IN SOCIETY


-CORPORATIONS ALSO HAVE RIGHTS NOT GRANTED TO INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS
      -THE RIGHT TO SIGN TREATIES
AS THE CORPORATION’S SIZE & POWER GREW, SO DID THE NEED TO
               DISSUADE PEOPLE’S FEARS OF IT.


EARLY 1900’S: AMERICANS VIEWED CORPORATIONS AS THREATENING TO
            THEIR SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS & GOVERNMENTS.


CORPORATIONS HAVE HAD TO DEVELOP WAYS TO SOFTEN THEIR IMAGE
                     WITH THE PUBLIC.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)

-The deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-
making.
      -CSR honors the 3 P’s:
      -People, Planet, Profit

-Shareholders vs Stakeholders

Shareholder:
-An individual, group, or organization that legally owns shares of
stock in a company.
       *Has a financial stake in the company.

Stakeholder:
-A person, group, or organization that affects or can be affected by
an organization's actions.
       *Has an interest in the company.
FOR CLASS PURPOSES:
1) EMPLOYEES
2) CUSTOMERS
3) SOCIETY: COMMUNITY/ENVIRONMENT
EARLY CSR

-1908: AT&T, ONE OF AMERICA’S LARGEST CORPORATIONS AT THAT TIME,
HAD A MONOPOLY ON TELEPHONE SERVICES

-LAUNCHED ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN AIMED TO PERSUADE A SKEPTICAL
PUBLIC TO LIKE THE COMPANY

-1908 – LATE 1930’S: REFERED TO ITSELF AS A “FRIEND & NEIGHBOR”
EARLY CSR

-GENERAL MOTORS WANTED TO CHANGE PUBLIC’S OPINION OF
“CORPORATION” AS COLD, IMPERSONAL, & SUBJECT TO DISTRUST

-USED “FAMILY” TO GIVE ITSELF A MORE PERSONAL, HUMAN, FRIENDLY
IMAGE
CSR TECHNIQUES CORPORATIONS USED TO CRAFT
IMAGES OF THEMSELVES AS SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE
NEW CAPITALISM
  BEFORE WE DISCUSS “NEW” CAPITALISM WE MUST FIRST UNDERSTAND
                      REGULAR CAPITALISM


-AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED ON FREE ENTERPRISE.
1) LITTLE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION (DEREGULATION).
2) OPEN COMPETITION (FREE MARKET)
NEW CAPITALISM

-THE TREND OF SOFTENING A CORPORATION’S IMAGE
WITH PROMISES OF GOOD CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP &
PRACTICES OF BETTER WAGES & WORKING CONDITIONS
WITHOUT THE PUSH OF GOVERNMENTS & UNIONS.

-STATES THAT CORPORATIONS NEED TO TAKE CARE OF
THEIR EMPLOYEES.




-BELIEVED CAPITALISM WOULD NOT SURVIVE UNLESS
EQUALITY & COOPERATION EXISTED BETWEEN WORKERS
& CAPITALISTS.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

-ARGUES THAT CORPORATIONS SHOULD MAKE
DECISIONS BASED NOT ONLY ON SHORT-TERM FINANCIAL
FACTORS SUCH AS PROFITS OR DIVIDENDS, BUT ALSO
BASED ON THE LONG-TERM SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR ACTIVITIES.

-STATES THAT CORPORATIONS NEED TO TAKE CARE OF
THE ENVIRONMENT.
BRANDING


-SIMILAR TO BRANDING ON THE RANCH.

-USED TO DIFFERENTIATE YOUR COMPANY (COW) FROM ALL OTHER
COMPANIES (CATTLE).

-USED BY CORPORATIONS TO CREATE UNIQUE & ATTRACTIVE
PERSONALITIES FOR THEMSLEVES.

-CORPORATIONS’ BRAND IDENTITIES ARE PERSONIFICATIONS OF
WHO THEY ARE & WHERE THEY’VE COME FROM.

-ENABLES THEM TO CREATE INTELLECTUAL & EMOTIONAL BONDS
WITH THE GROUPS THAT THEY DEPEND ON:
      -CONSUMERS & EMPLOYEES
FORTUNE MAGAZINE’S WORLD’S MOST ADMIRED COMPANIES


1)APPLE

2)GOOGLE

3)AMAZON.COM

4)COCA-COLA

5)STARBUCKS

18) NIKE (ONLY SPORTS COMPANY IN TOP 50)

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The corporation chapter 1

  • 1. CHAPTER 1 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1) Who were jobbers? 2) In 1720, what did the English Parliament do in response to corporate high jinks? 3) What was the South Sea Company? 4) What did the Bubble Act make a criminal offense? 5) What is the genius of the corporation as a business form and its reason for its remarkable rise? 6) What does "limited liability" mean? 7) How did NJ & Delaware seek to attract valuable incorporation business to their jurisdictions? 8) Between 1898 & 1904, America went from having 1,800 corporations to having how many? 9) By the end of the 19th century, courts had fully transformed the corporation into a what? 10) In 1886 the Supreme Court decided that corporations should be protected by what Amendment? 11) In 1908, AT&T launched an advertising campaign, the first of its kind, that aimed at doing what? 12) What term is used to describe the trend of corporations crafting softened images of themselves with promises of good corporate citizenship & practices of better wages & working conditions? 13) What package of regulatory reforms designed to restore economic health by, among other things, curbing the powers & freedoms of corporations, did President Roosevelt create in 1934? 14) What was formed in 1973 which operated in cartel-like fashion to control the world's oil supply? 15) What was introduced in 1948 that enabled corporations to take advantage of their newfound mobility without suffering punishing financial penalties? 16) The deregulatory logic of economic globalization was deepened in 1993 with the creation of what? 17) Fill in the blank: Corporations now ______________ society, perhaps more than governments themselves do. 18) What do corporations use today to create unique & attractive personalities for themselves?
  • 2. WHAT COMES TO MIND WHEN YOU HEAR/READ THE WORD “CORPORATION” CORPORATION VS BUSINESS
  • 3. WHAT IS A CORPORATION? CLIP 1: WHAT IS A CORPORATION?
  • 4. -CORPORATION: A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS WORKING TOGETHER TO SERVE A VARIETY OF OBJECTIVES. -“CORPUS”: LATIN “BODY OF PEOPLE.” -THE MAIN OBJECTIVE: -TO EARN LARGE, GROWING, SUSTAINED, LEGAL RETURNS ($$$) FOR THE PEOPLE WHO OWN THE BUSINESS. -FORMS: -BUSINESS -GOVERNMENT -POLITICAL -RELIGIOUS -CHARITABLE (NON-PROFIT)
  • 5. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES: 1) LIMITED LIABILITY -A PERSON’S FINANCIAL LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO THE VALUE OF A PERSON’S INVESTMENT 2) PERPETUAL SUCCESSION -THE CONTINUATION OF A CORPORATION’S EXISTENCE DESPITE THE DEATH, BANKRUPTCY, EXIT FROM THE BUSINESS, ETC. OF ANY OWNER/MEMBER DISADVANTAGES: 1) COST & TIME TO ESTABLISH & MAINTAIN 2) LEGAL REQUIREMENTS & REGULATORY RED TAPE
  • 6. THE CORPORATION HAS BECOME THE WORLD’S DOMINANT ECONOMIC INSTITUTION WE ARE INESCAPABLY SURROUNDED BY THEIR CULTURE, ICONOGRAPHY, & IDEAOLOGY CORPORATIONS: GOVERN OUR LIVES DETERMINE WHAT WE EAT WHAT WE WATCH WHAT WE WEAR WHERE WE WORK WHAT WE DO
  • 7. “THE CORPORATION’S DRAMATIC RISE TO DOMINANCE IS ONE OF THE REMARKABLE EVENTS OF MODERN HISTORY, NOT LEAST BECAUSE OF THE INSTITUTION’S INAUSPICIOUS BEGINNINGS.” HISTORY CLIP 2: BIRTH & EVOLUTION
  • 8. THE RISE OF THE CORPORATION IN EUROPE •EARLY ON, THE CORPORATION WAS ENGULFED IN CORRUPTION & FRAUD. •JOBBERS STOCKBROKERS WHO PROWLED LONDON’S COFFEE SHOPS IN SEARCH OF INVESTORS TO SELL SHARES IN BOGUS COMPANIES. •SOUTH SEA COMPANY: CORPORATION FORMED TO CARRY ON EXCLUSIVE TRADE (MONOLOPY) WITH SPANISH COLONIES OF SOUTH AMERICA. IN EXCHANGE, IT ASSUMED THE NATIONAL DEBT ENGLAND INCURRED DURING THE WAR OF SPANISH SUCCESSION. •SOUTH SEA BUBBLE: TO WIN OVER POLITICIANS, THE COMPANY GAVE STOCKS IN THEIR BUSINESS. THE POLITICIANS THEN SOLD THEM BACK TO THE COMPANY FOR PROFIT. •BUBBLE ACT: CRIMINAL OFFENSE TO CREATE A COMPANY PRESUMING TO BE A CORPORATE BODY & TO ISSUE TRANSFERABLE STOCKS WITHOUT LEGAL AUTHORITY. •1720: ENGLISH PARLIAMENT OUTLAWED THE CORPORATION.
  • 11. IMPORTANT INVENTIONS/CREATIONS CUMBERLAND ROAD: CUMBERLAND, MD – VANDALIA, IL (1811-1839)
  • 12. IMPORTANT INVENTIONS/CREATIONS TELEGRAPH (1860)
  • 14. THE RISE OF THE CORPORATION IN AMERICA GREW OUT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (MID 1700‘S - MID 1800’S) -INDUSTRIALIZATION IN AMERICA INVOLVED 3 IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS: 1) TRANSPORTATION 2) ELECTRICITY 3) TECHNOLOGY
  • 15. FIRST TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD FINISHED: MAY 10, 1860 AT PROMONTORY SUMMIT, UTAH
  • 16. THE 2 FEDERALLY CHARTERED ENTERPRISES THAT BUILT THE RAILROAD: 1)UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD CORPORATION 2)CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY
  • 17. THE RAILROAD & COPORATE AMERICA -AS THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY GREW, SO DID THE NUMBER OF CORPORATIONS TO RUN IT -US LAID MORE THAN 100,000 MILES OF TRACK BETWEEN 1865-1885 -BY MIDDLE OF 19TH CENTURY, MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE BEGAN TO INVEST IN CORPORATE SHARES OF RAILROAD CORPORATIONS -LIMITIED LIABILITY BORN -LIABILITY OF SHAREHOLDERS LIMITIED TO THE AMOUNTS THEY INVESTED IN A COMPANY
  • 18. ECONOMIC PARADIGM CHANGE: AGRARIAN TO MANUFACTURING -AS INDUSTRIES & FACTORIES AROSE, PEOPLE MOVED FROM FARM TOWNS TO CITIES. -BY 1900 3 AMERICAN CITIES HAD A POPULATION OVER 1 MILLION: NEW YORK: 3.5 MILLION CHICAGO: 1.7 MILLION PHILADELPHIA: 1.3 MILLION
  • 19. REVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION -NEW JERSEY & DELAWARE: SOUGHT TO ATTRACT CORPORATIONS BY GETTING RID OF UNPOPULAR GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS DEREGULATION: -THE REMOVAL OR REDUCTION OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL ON HOW BUSINESS IS DONE.
  • 20. 14TH AMENDMENT PASSED AT END OF CIVIL WAR TO GIVE EQUAL RIGHTS TO AFRICAN-AMERICANS. “ NO STATE CAN DEPRIVE A PERSON OF LIFE, LIBERTY, OR PROPERTY WITHOUT DUE PROCESS.” CORPORATIONS ARGUED THAT THEY ARE A “PERSON” & IN 1886 THE SUPREME COURT AGREED.
  • 21. CLIP 3: A LEGAL “PERSON”
  • 22. THE CORPORATION AS A “PERSON” -THE SUPREME COURT DECISION RECONCEIVED THE CORPORATION AS A FREE & INDEPENDENT BEING -THE CORPORATION ENJOYS MANY OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS SUCH AS THE ABILITY TO: -OWN PROPERTY -SIGN BINDING CONTRACTS -PAY TAXES -HAVE CERTAIN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS -PARTICIPATE IN SOCIETY -CORPORATIONS ALSO HAVE RIGHTS NOT GRANTED TO INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS -THE RIGHT TO SIGN TREATIES
  • 23. AS THE CORPORATION’S SIZE & POWER GREW, SO DID THE NEED TO DISSUADE PEOPLE’S FEARS OF IT. EARLY 1900’S: AMERICANS VIEWED CORPORATIONS AS THREATENING TO THEIR SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS & GOVERNMENTS. CORPORATIONS HAVE HAD TO DEVELOP WAYS TO SOFTEN THEIR IMAGE WITH THE PUBLIC.
  • 24. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) -The deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision- making. -CSR honors the 3 P’s: -People, Planet, Profit -Shareholders vs Stakeholders Shareholder: -An individual, group, or organization that legally owns shares of stock in a company. *Has a financial stake in the company. Stakeholder: -A person, group, or organization that affects or can be affected by an organization's actions. *Has an interest in the company.
  • 25. FOR CLASS PURPOSES: 1) EMPLOYEES 2) CUSTOMERS 3) SOCIETY: COMMUNITY/ENVIRONMENT
  • 26. EARLY CSR -1908: AT&T, ONE OF AMERICA’S LARGEST CORPORATIONS AT THAT TIME, HAD A MONOPOLY ON TELEPHONE SERVICES -LAUNCHED ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN AIMED TO PERSUADE A SKEPTICAL PUBLIC TO LIKE THE COMPANY -1908 – LATE 1930’S: REFERED TO ITSELF AS A “FRIEND & NEIGHBOR”
  • 27. EARLY CSR -GENERAL MOTORS WANTED TO CHANGE PUBLIC’S OPINION OF “CORPORATION” AS COLD, IMPERSONAL, & SUBJECT TO DISTRUST -USED “FAMILY” TO GIVE ITSELF A MORE PERSONAL, HUMAN, FRIENDLY IMAGE
  • 28. CSR TECHNIQUES CORPORATIONS USED TO CRAFT IMAGES OF THEMSELVES AS SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE
  • 29. NEW CAPITALISM BEFORE WE DISCUSS “NEW” CAPITALISM WE MUST FIRST UNDERSTAND REGULAR CAPITALISM -AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED ON FREE ENTERPRISE. 1) LITTLE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION (DEREGULATION). 2) OPEN COMPETITION (FREE MARKET)
  • 30. NEW CAPITALISM -THE TREND OF SOFTENING A CORPORATION’S IMAGE WITH PROMISES OF GOOD CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP & PRACTICES OF BETTER WAGES & WORKING CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PUSH OF GOVERNMENTS & UNIONS. -STATES THAT CORPORATIONS NEED TO TAKE CARE OF THEIR EMPLOYEES. -BELIEVED CAPITALISM WOULD NOT SURVIVE UNLESS EQUALITY & COOPERATION EXISTED BETWEEN WORKERS & CAPITALISTS.
  • 31. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT -ARGUES THAT CORPORATIONS SHOULD MAKE DECISIONS BASED NOT ONLY ON SHORT-TERM FINANCIAL FACTORS SUCH AS PROFITS OR DIVIDENDS, BUT ALSO BASED ON THE LONG-TERM SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR ACTIVITIES. -STATES THAT CORPORATIONS NEED TO TAKE CARE OF THE ENVIRONMENT.
  • 32. BRANDING -SIMILAR TO BRANDING ON THE RANCH. -USED TO DIFFERENTIATE YOUR COMPANY (COW) FROM ALL OTHER COMPANIES (CATTLE). -USED BY CORPORATIONS TO CREATE UNIQUE & ATTRACTIVE PERSONALITIES FOR THEMSLEVES. -CORPORATIONS’ BRAND IDENTITIES ARE PERSONIFICATIONS OF WHO THEY ARE & WHERE THEY’VE COME FROM. -ENABLES THEM TO CREATE INTELLECTUAL & EMOTIONAL BONDS WITH THE GROUPS THAT THEY DEPEND ON: -CONSUMERS & EMPLOYEES
  • 33. FORTUNE MAGAZINE’S WORLD’S MOST ADMIRED COMPANIES 1)APPLE 2)GOOGLE 3)AMAZON.COM 4)COCA-COLA 5)STARBUCKS 18) NIKE (ONLY SPORTS COMPANY IN TOP 50)