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Data visualization
- 1. Data Visualization The Ideas of Edward Tufte
- 11. Lie
- 13. Lie Graphical Increase = 783% Lie Factor=14.8 Data Increase = 53%
- 14. Truth
- 15. Graphical Change = 527% Lie Factor=2.8 Data Change = 188%
- 16. Graphical Change = 27,000% Lie Factor=48.8 Data Change = 554%
- 20. Context
- 21. Before stricter enforcement After stricter enforcement
- 24. NY MA CT RI
- 25. Principles of Graphical Integrity Data Representations proportional to Data Real dollars, instead of deflated dollars #Dimensions in graph = #Dimensions in data Provide context
- 26. Data-Ink
- 27. Data-Ink Ratio = 𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑘𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑘
- 44. Principles Above all else, show the data Maximize the data-ink ratio, within reason Erase non-data-ink Erase redundant data-ink Revise and edit
- 45. Chart JunkVibrations, Grids, and Ducks
- 46. Vibrations
- 58. Takeaways Maintain Graphical Integrity Minimize Data-Ink Ratio, within reason Avoid Chartjunk Use Multifunctioning Graphical Elements, if possible Keep Labels with data
- 59. Dr. Edward Tufte
- 60. David Giard MCTS, MCSD, MCSE, MCDBA blog: DavidGiard.com tv: TechnologyAndFriends.com e-mail: DavidGiard@DavidGiard.com
Notes de l'éditeur
- Hand-drawn graph from the 1880’s, showing Paris train schedule.Attributed to the French engineer Ibry.Source: E.J. Marey, La Methode de Graphique (Paris, 1885)
- William Playfair (1759-1823)3 series over time:-Wheat prices-Labor wages-Monarch
- From 1960 census:# of families per county with very low income (<$3,000)# of families per county with very high income (>$10,000)
- Charles Joseph Minard, French Engineer, 1781-1870“It may well be the best statistical graphic ever.” – TufteTan line = Napoleon’s march to Moscow in the winter of 1812. (422,000 men – 100,000 men)Black = Napoleon’s retreat to Poland. (422,000 men – 100,000 men)Width of lines represents size of army. (100,000 men - 10,000 men)Bottom line is linked to lower graph, showing dates and temperatures (very cold winter)Auxiliary troop movements are shown.Crossing Berzina River was a disaster.Variables: -Size of army -Location -Direction of movement -Temperature -Dates
- From NY Times, 1978Fuel economy standards increased by 53%Graphic shows fuel economy increased by 783%Lie factor = 14.8
- From NY Times, 1978Fuel economy standards increased by 53%Graphic shows fuel economy increased by 783%Lie factor = 14.8
- From TheLos Angeles Times, 1979Lie factor = 2.8(also horizontal spacing of X-axis is wrong)
- Time, 19791-dimensional data is shown as 3-dimensional objectsIncrease of 454% is shown as volume increase of 27,000%Lie factor=48.8, a record!
- Source: Washington Post, 1979Graphic suffers from bias of 2-dimensional figures representing 1-dimensional data points.But also represents Nominal dollars – not Real (or inflation-adjusted) dollars
- Source: Sunday Times (London), 1979
- New York Times, 1978
- Data-ink = ink that directly shows the data and will result in loss of data if erasedAll else = decorations, metadata and redundant data.Proportion of a graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant display of data-information.1.0 – proportion of graphic that can be erased without loss of data-information
- Duck-shaped building in Flanders, NY3 types of chart junk:1) Unintentional optical art2) Grid3) Self-promoting graphical duck
- Moire’ EffectGraphic appears to vibrate or shimmer