This document discusses different types of measurement scales used in research including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. It also describes different methods for measuring attitudes and opinions through scaling techniques, including Thurstone scaling, Guttman scaling, and Likert scaling. These scaling methods involve presenting participants with statements about a topic and having them rate their level of agreement on a numeric scale to quantify subjective information and measure attitudes or reactions along a continuum.

1. MEASUREMENT DESIGNS

10. Ordering of level of measurement

13. E.G. Attitudes that people might have towards persons with AIDS.

15. Rating the scale items…

16. PLOT THE GRAPH

18. Make table Statement Number Median Q1 Q3 Interquartile Range 10 10 6 10.5 4.5 7 10 7.5 11 3.5 46 10 8 11 3 5 10 8.5 11 2.5

21. Develop the cumulative scale

24. To create set of potential scale items

25. Rating the items 1= strongly unfavorable to the concept 2= somewhat unfavorable to the concept 3= undecided 4= somewhat favorable to the concept 5= strongly favorable to the concept

26. Administrating the scale On a 1-5 response scale : 1= strongly disagree 2= disagree 3= undecided 4= agree 5= strongly agree