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Beijing,[object Object],Cambridge,[object Object],Chicago,[object Object],Delhi,[object Object],Dubai,[object Object],Hong Kong,[object Object],Johannesburg,[object Object],London,[object Object],Los Angeles,[object Object],Madrid,[object Object],Manila,[object Object],Moscow,[object Object],Network Effectiveness: ,[object Object],An Interactive Working Session for Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights and Justice Leaders,[object Object],October 6, 2009,[object Object],Diana Scearce (Diana_Scearce@monitor.com),[object Object],Mumbai,[object Object],Munich,[object Object],New York,[object Object],Palo Alto,[object Object],Paris,[object Object],San Francisco,[object Object],São Paulo,[object Object],Seoul,[object Object],Shanghai,[object Object],Singapore,[object Object],Tokyo,[object Object],Toronto,[object Object],This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.,[object Object],Zurich,[object Object]
Network Basics,[object Object]
Networks Are Changing the Way the World Works,[object Object],Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com,[object Object]
Obama Used Networks to Mobilize 13 M Supporters,[object Object],“One of my fundamental beliefs…is that real change comes from the bottom up.  And there’s no more powerful tool for grass-roots organizing than the Internet.”,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Twitter “Emboldened” Iranian Election Protesters ,[object Object],“If anyone had questions about the power of citizen media, those questions were answered by the Iran protests.”,[object Object],[object Object],Source: ethanzuckerman.com/blog  Twitter, youTube Time Magazine  ,[object Object]
We’re Witnessing the Death of Old Models…,[object Object],“While newspaper circulation has long been in decline, the latest figures show the drop is accelerating…Weekday circulation declined 7.1% for the six months that ended March 31, compared with the previous year.”,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Way Our Work Gets Done Is Changing,[object Object]
Nonprofits Need to Find Ways to Scale Impact,[object Object],Increasing Number of Nonprofits,[object Object],More Competition for Resources,[object Object],Many Nonprofits Not at Scale,[object Object],82% of nonprofits operate on annual budgets of under $1 million,[object Object],Networks are oneanswer,[object Object],Sources: “Index of National Fundraising Performance, 2009 First Calendar Quarter Results”, Target Analytics, 2009, Alliance Trends. “The Non-Profit Sector in Brief,” National Center for Charitable Statistics, 2008.,[object Object]
What are networks?,[object Object],Groups of individuals or organizations connected through meaningful relationships.,[object Object]
We’re most interested in networks with…,[object Object],Many participants,[object Object],Ability to self-organize ,[object Object],Fueled by new technologies,[object Object],Source of photo: http://www.midnightpoutine.ca/archives/flashmob1.jpg,[object Object]
Networks Have Been Around for a Long Time…,[object Object]
There Are New Technologies for Sharing Content…,[object Object],…and new online spaces for building relationships,[object Object]
Advances in the Science of Networks and Complexity,[object Object],Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com,[object Object],“If someone tells you that you can influence 1,000 people, it changes your way of seeing the world.”,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Result = “Working Wikily”,[object Object],“… wikis and other social media tools are engendering a new, networked mindset—a way of working wikily—that is characterized by principles of openness, transparency, decentralized decision-making, and distributed action. ",[object Object], - Working Wikily 2.0,[object Object],Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com,[object Object]
What Do We Mean by “Working Wikily”?,[object Object],Established Ways of Working,[object Object],Working Wikily,[object Object],[object Object]
Firmly controlled
Planned
Proprietary
One-way 	communication,[object Object],[object Object]
Loosely controlled
Emergent
Public
Two-way 	conversation,[object Object],Where are you on these continuums? The answer will be different for different situations,[object Object]
Working Wikily Can Address Diverse Challenges,[object Object],Working Wikily Potential,[object Object],Problem,[object Object],[object Object]
Unmet needs
Lack of power
Duplication and fragmentation of effort
Lack of shared knowledge
Untapped talent and wisdom
Suboptimal impact and challenges with growth
Build community
Engage people
Advocate for policy change
Coordinate resources and services
Develop and share knowledge
Innovate
Get to scale,[object Object]
Engage People,[object Object],2008: 400,000 Volunteers in ,[object Object],104 Countries,[object Object],1985:,[object Object],Single-site Effort in US,[object Object]
Advocate for Policy Change ,[object Object],2008: 3.2 Million Members,[object Object],1998: Email to,[object Object],100 friends,[object Object]
Coordinate Resources and Services,[object Object],Total Loans,[object Object],2009: $66 million,[object Object],Total Loans,[object Object],2006: $1 million,[object Object]
Develop and Share Knowledge,[object Object],14 Countries,[object Object],1,300 Trained Volunteers,[object Object],Interagency Program ,[object Object],Integrated Fire Management,[object Object]
Innovate,[object Object],“Open Sourcing Social Solutions”,[object Object],Internal, Proprietary,[object Object], R&D Labs,[object Object]
- EGYPT- ,[object Object],Get to Scale,[object Object],…transformingcommunities through collaborations to address root causes of poverty and homelessness,[object Object],Typical HFH country programs produce 200 houses each year,[object Object],In Egypt, HFH builds 1,000 houses a year, on average,[object Object],Source: Jane Wei-Skillern and Kerry Herman, “Habitat for Humanity—Egypt,” Harvard Business School Cases, October 3, 2006.,[object Object]
Working Wikily Isn’t Easy…,[object Object],Common Challenges: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Designing and catalyzing networks
Determining network boundaries
Building trust among participants
Participant engagement and communications
Managing and adapting to evolution and growth
Tracking and evaluating impactSource for Network Graphic: orgnet.com,[object Object]
Eight Lessons We’re Learning About “Working Wikily”,[object Object],Design your experiments around a problem to solve, not the tools,[object Object],Experiment a lot, invest in understanding what works and what doesn’t, and make only new mistakes,[object Object],Set appropriate expectations for time and effort required,[object Object],Prioritize human elements like trust and fun,[object Object],Understand your position within networksand act on this knowledge,[object Object],Push power to the edges,[object Object],Balance bottom-up and top-down strategies for             organizing people and effort,[object Object],Be open and transparent; share what you are                                  doing and learning as a matter of course,[object Object]
Understanding Your Network,[object Object],Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com,[object Object]
How Are Networks Structured?,[object Object]
Periphery,[object Object],Cluster,[object Object],Link,[object Object],Node,[object Object],Core,[object Object],Hub,[object Object],A Few Helpful Definitions,[object Object]
Network Structures Can Take Many Forms,[object Object],Source for Network Graphics: orgnet.com,[object Object]
A Typology of Organizing Structures,[object Object],Centralized,[object Object],[object Object]
Membership organizations (Organizations with network component)
Nonprofits with explicit network strategy and structure
Coalition / Alliance (network of organizations)
Networks of networks
Ad hoc networksDecentralized,[object Object],Note: These categories often overlap. Most of the examples fit in to multiple categories.,[object Object],Developed from: Plastrik, Taylor, “Net Gains,” (2006); Anklam, “Net Work,” (2007); Krebs, Holley. “Building Smart Communities,” (2006).Source for Network Graphics: orgnet.com ,[object Object]
Nonprofits without Explicit Network Structure,[object Object],Good for:,[object Object],[object Object]
 Quality control, reliability
 Service-delivery
 Accountability,[object Object]
Fundraising
Question: Is the nature of membership changing?,[object Object]
Controlled knowledge transfer
Resource sharingNonprofits with Explicit Network Structure (Hub-Spoke),[object Object]
Good for:,[object Object],[object Object]
Rapid mobilization
Efficient access to knowledge or local relationshipsNonprofits with Explicit Network Structure (Multi-Hub),[object Object]
Good for:,[object Object],[object Object]
Contained knowledge transfer
Organizing around joint goalsCoalition / Alliance ,[object Object]
Good for:,[object Object],[object Object]
Environment scanning
Movement building
Resilient & adaptive actionNetworks of Networks—Organizations ,[object Object],Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com,[object Object]
Good for:,[object Object],[object Object]

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Net Effectiveness Oct 6

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. When Institute started work with Packard two years ago/When Heather was researching her book, few of these books had been written, few blogs existedSince then, there has been an explosion in study of networks, attempt to gain understandingExplosion in blogs (Beth’s blog), books (Clay Shirky), events, training
  2. Obama has tried a number of interactive Internet applications for his governmentCitizen’s briefing book: initiated during the transition for citizens to submit their ideas to the president. 44,000 proposals and 1.4 million votesEmbarrassing results …. Highest ranking idea was about marijuana legalization (despite being in the middle of two wars and an economic recession) In March, Office of Science and Technology Policy crowd-sourced to see how to best become transparent Got good ideas as well as a bunch of unrelated, pithy debates Currently, Joe Biden and his “middleclass task force” asks for comments from web-users Also,Twitter, youtube, Facebook, Flickr all have whitehouse accounts to disseminate informationPositives of Gov 2.0Expectation that citizens are to be consulted about everything all the timeInternet, in democratizing access to facts and figures, encourages decisions based on facts Negatives of Gov 2.0Extermists (either positive or negative) are more likely to participate, pushing the moderate voice asideEasy to spread lies Groups can simulate support to take over the public voice
  3. Many upsets in the industry: closures, jobs lost, bankruptcy filings Rocky Mountain News folded; Boston Globe up for sale; SF Chronicle struggling; Seattle PI has gone online-only; Conde Nast closes Portfolio magazineTribune Company filed for bankruptcy reorganization in December 2008; GateHouse Media effectively broke by mid-2008; Journal Register, Philadelphia Newspapers, and the Minneapolis Star-Tribune went into bankruptcy early in 2009.According to the American Society of News Editors, 2,400 full-time professional newsroom jobs were lost at American dailies in 2007 and 5,900 more in 2008.Newspaper ad revenues fallen 23% in last two years.Chart highlights continuing losses in newspaper circulation in the US: Losses accelerated to 4.6 % daily and 4.8% Sunday, in the six months ending 30 Sep 2008. Chart represents aggregate data for US newspapers. Source: Deutsche Bank Securities in “State of the News Media 2009.”Online news consumption increased: number of unique visitors to newspaper websites each month was up 15.8% to 65 million in the third quarter of 2008 over a year earlier.Source: “State of the News Media 2009,” Pew Project for Excellence in Journalism, www.stateofthemedia.org
  4. Rise of non-profit (esp. investigative) and citizen journalism and new business modelsWeb allows news coverage to be increasingly “hyperlocal” Witness the rise of numerous online publications dedicated to covering only community news: Voice of San Diego, Chi-Town Daily News, MinnPost, New Haven Independent, Arizona GuardianVoice of San Diego: focuses on investigative reporting on local issues in San Diego. Maintains specific geographic focus without state or national coverage. Voice of San Diego, like many, is nonprofit corporation supported by foundations, donors, audience contributions, etc.Increasing popularity of news sites fostering amateur reporters filing pictures, stories, reports on local events: iReport, Twitter, uReportiReport: started by CNN, site contains user-generated content to tell the mainstream media about the “stories [they’re] not used to seeing”Twitter: during Mumbai terrorist attacks, information about militants and bloodshed posted in real time over Twitter News organizations experimenting with non-profit model and new business models, as revenue from traditional sources declines: Huffington Post, ProPublica, Global PostHuffington Post: over concern that layoffs at newspapers stunting investigative journalism, site announced it will collaborate with Atlantic Philanthropies to bankroll a group of investigative journalists (an initial budget of $1.75 million)ProPublica: seeing investigative journalism as being at risk (very expensive to produce), founders started non-profit organization with independent newsroom dedicated to investigative journalism (works with budget of $10 million)Global Post: focuses on international coverage. Content generated by correspondents who are paid in cash and given ownership in company—not staffers. Solicits ideas for stories from readers.“The advent of Internet and interactive web technologies has given rise to a new breed of citizen journalists, who are contributing and making news as the mainstream media.”Merinew, May 2, 2009“There is an option that might make [newspapers] stronger: Turn them into nonprofit, endowed institutions. [This] would enhance newspapers’ autonomy while shielding them from the economic forces that are now tearing them down.”New York Times, January 27,2009
  5. Not organizations (or markets)Not 2-way partnerships or alliancesInformal networking (cocktail parties)
  6. Top picture: “How to Improve Health for All” competitionBottom picture: “Tracking Trends and Ideas: Meeting Disaster” competition – entry: “Time to Take a Holistic View of disasters**Caption: “Indonesian children smile and cheer as U.S. Navy helicopters fly in purified water and relief supplies to a small village on the Island of Sumatra, Indonesia”
  7. Determining the boundaries of the network: who is in and who is out?Communicating the value of networks: (Barr, Ocean Conservancy/ ICC)Internal organizational resistance: (Ocean Conservancy/ ICC; Habitat)Incentives not always aligned; organizations resist changeInnovators dilemmaBuilding trust:Between participants and the network leadership (Kiva, MoveOn.org, Save Darfur Coalition) Scaling and meeting resource demands: (Kiva)Tracking and evaluating impact: (All)Letting go of control; worrying about getting “credit”
  8. Work on networks over the past couple years… been trying to tease out:What does a healthy network look like?Very subjective concept, just like for us – young, old, male, femaleThat said – just like with people, does seem to be a general consensus on what healthy tends to be, and conversely what unhealthy tends to be
  9. Need more chaotic picture …. Lots of people (people organizing outside of office) -- like a rally, community organizing Biological metaphor (like ant hill or honeycomb) put 2 or 3 and she’ll pick one