a - Normalizing a Data Model

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Dimara Hakim

Technologie

What Is Normalization? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Normal Forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ketergantungan Fungsional ,[object Object]

Ketergantungan Fungsional Penuh ,[object Object],[object Object]

Ketergantungan Transitif / Ganda ,[object Object]

First Normal Form (1NF) ,[object Object]

Second Normal Form (2NF) ,[object Object]

Third Normal Form (3NF) ,[object Object]

NORMALIZATION VS. DENORMALIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cont…. NORMALIZATION VS. DENORMALIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object]

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When an attempt is made to modify tables that have not been sufficiently normalized undesirable sideeffects may follow. This can be further specified as an update, insertion or deletion anomaly depending on whether the action that causes the error is a row update, insertion or deletion respectively. If a relation R has more than one key, each key is referred to as a candidate key of R. Most of the practical recent works on database normalization use a restricted definition of normal forms where only the primary key (an arbitrary chosen key) is taken into account and ignoring the rest of candidate keys. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic approach for database normalization up to third normal form by taking into account all candidate keys, including the primary key. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated on many real world examples

ALGORITHM FOR RELATIONAL DATABASE NORMALIZATION UP TO 3NF

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Normalization work as through a series of stages called normal forms Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to entitles. In order to meet performance requirements you may have to denormalize portions design. Denormalization produces a lower normal form. Normalization is a very important database design ingredient and the highest level is always the desirable. A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key. A table is in fourth normal form if it is in third normal form and has no independent multivalued dependencies. Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity. It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where one or more nonprime attributes functionally determine other nonprime attributes. A determinant is any attribute whose value determines other values within a column. A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency. Attributes should clearly define participation, connectivity, and document cardinality. An attribute that is part of a key is known as a(n) attribute. important nonprime prime entity Data redundancy produces. slower lookups robust design efficient storage use data integrity problems Solution 1) Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. Answer :- True 2) Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to entities. Answer :- False 3) In order to meet performance requirements, you may have to denormalize portions of the database design. Answer :- True 4) Denormalization produces a lower normal form. Answer :- True 5) Normalization is a very important database design ingredient and the highest level is always the most desirable. Answer :- False 6) A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key. Answer :- True 7) A table is in fourth normal form if it is in third normal form and has no independent multivalued dependencies. Answer :- True 8) Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity. Answer :- True 9) It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where the primary key may rely on one or more nonprime attributes to functionally determine other nonprime attributes. Answer :- True 10) A determinant is any attribute whose value determines other values within a column. Answer :- False 11) A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency. Answer :- False 12) Attributes should clearly define participation, connectivity, and document cardinality. Answer :- False.

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