1.
8
11. Matapos buuin ang tsart, ibahagi ito sa klase. Talakayin ang
kahalagahan ng “Mga Aral ng Katipunan” ni Jacinto sa panahon ng himagsikan at
sa kasalukuyan.
Gawain 2. Deklarasyon ng Kalayaan sa Kawit
1. Noong ika-12 ng Hunyo 1898, inihayag nina Emilio Aguinaldo at mga
hepe ng rebolusyon ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas bilang nagsasariling bansa.
Basahin ang deklarasyon ng independensiya.
And having as witness to the rectitude of our intentions, the
Supreme Judge of the Universe, and under the protection of the
Powerful and Humanitarian Nation, the United States of America, we
do hereby proclaim and declare solemnly in the name and by
authority of the people of these Philippine Islands,
That they are and have the right to be free and independent;
that they have ceased to have any allegiance to the Crown of Spain;
that all political ties between them are and should be completely
severed and annulled; and that, like other free and independent
States, they enjoy the full power to make War and Peace, conclude
commercial treaties, enter into alliances, regulate commerce, and do
all other acts and things which an Independent State has a right to
do.…
And, lastly, it was resolved unanimously that this Nation,
already free and independent as of this day, must use the same flag
which up to now is being used, whose design and colors are found
described in the attached drawing, the white triangle signifying the
distinctive emblem of the famous Society of the ‘Katipunan’ which by
means of its blood compact inspired the masses to rise in revolution;
the three stars, signifying the three principal Islands of this
Archipelago—Luzon, Mindanao and Panay where this revolutionary
movement started; the sun representing the gigantic steps made by
the sons of the country along the path of Progress and Civilization;
the eight rays, signifying the eight provinces—Manila, Cavite,
Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas—
which declared themselves in a state of war as soon as the first
revolt was initiated; and the colors of Blue, Red, and White,
commemorating the flag of the United States of North America, as a
manifestation of our profound gratitude towards this Great Nation for
its disinterested protection which it lent us and continues lending us.
Declaration of Philippine Independence, 12 Hunyo 1898, sa
Sulpicio Guevara (ed.), The Laws of the First Philippine Republic
(The Laws of Malolos), 1898-1899 (Manila: National Historical
Commission, 1972), pp. 204, 205-206.

2.
9
Glosari
Annul – mawalang bisa
Cease – itigil
Commemorate – gunitain
Disinterested protection – pagtulong nang walang interes o motibo
Distinctive – katangi-tangi
Emblem – simbolo
Humanitarian – makatao
Manifestation – pagpapakita
Profound – malalim
Rectitude – katuwiran
Sever – putulin
Solemnly – mataimtim
Unanimous –pinagkaisahan ng lahat
2. Sumali sa isang grupo at sagutin ang mga tanong.
Impormasyong Nakuha at Nahinuha
a. Ano ang ibig
sabihin ng
kasarinlan o
kalayaan?
b. Ano ang mga
sinisimbolo ng
bandila: kulay,
hugis, araw at
bituin?
c. Ano ang
kahalagahan ng
bandila sa isang
republika?
d. Ano ang tingin
ng republika ng
Pilipinas sa
Estados Unidos?

3.
10
e. Ayon sa mga
may-akda ng
deklarasyon,
mahalaga ba ang
Estados Unidos sa
republika? Bakit o
bakit hindi? Ano
ang tingin mo?
3. Ipaliwanag ang mga sagot sa klase.
Gawain 3. Saligang Batas ng Malolos
1. Makalipas ang pitong buwan mula nang inihayag ang kalayaan sa
Kawit ay inaprubahan ng Kongreso ng Malolos ang Saligang Batas ng Republika
ng Pilipinas noong Enero 1899. Binigyang laman nito ang kalayaang ipinaglaban.
Basahin ang sipi mula sa Konstitusyon ng Malolos.
Titulo Artikulo
Preamble WE, the Representatives of the Filipino people, lawfully
convened, in order to establish justice, provide for the common
defense, promote the general welfare, and to secure for
ourselves the blessings of liberty, imploring the aid of the
Supreme Legislator of the Universe to help us attain these
objectives, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned the following.
Title I. The
Republic
Art. 1. The political association of all the Filipinos constitutes a
NATION, whose state shall be known as the Philippine
Republic.
Art. 2. The Philippine
Republic is free and independent.
Art. 3. Sovereignty resides exclusively in the people.
Title II. The
Government
Art. 4. Government of the Republic is popular, representative,
alternative, and responsible, and shall exercise three (3)
distinct powers: namely the legislative, the executive, and the
judicial…
Title III. Religion Art. 5. The State recognizes the freedom and equality of all
religions, as well as the separation of the Church and the
State.
Title IV. The
Filipinos and
their National
and Individual
Rights
Art. 20. Neither shall any Filipino be deprived:
1. Of the right to freely express his ideas or opinions, orally or
in writing, through the use of the press or other similar means.
2. Of the right of association for purposes of human life and
which are not contrary to public morals; and lastly,
3. Of the right to send petitions to the authorities, individually or
collectively.

4.
11
Title VII. The
Executive
Power
Art. 56. The Executive Power shall be vested in the President
of the Republic, who shall exercise it through his Department
Secretaries.
Title VIII. The
President of the
Republic
Art. 58. The President of the Republic shall be elected by
absolute majority of votes by the Assembly and by the special
Representatives, convened in chamber assembled. His term of
office shall be four years, and may be reelected.
Sulpicio Guevara, The Laws of the First Philippine Republic (The Laws of
Malolos), 1898-1899 (Manila: National Historical Commission, 1972), pp.
104-05, 107, 112-13.
Glosari
Convene – magtipun-tipon
Implore – hingin
Preamble – pauna
Public morals – mabuti at matuwid na kaugalian na masasabing tanggap ng isang
lipunan
Sovereignty – kalayaan ng bansang magpasya
Vested – ipinagkaloob
2. Sumali sa grupo at sagutin ang mga sumusunod.
Tanong Sagot
Probisyong
Nagpapatunay
ng Sagot
a. Sino ang may
hawak ng
kapangyarihan?
Paano ito naiiba sa
kalagayan ng isang
kolonya?
b. Ano ang mga
katangian ng
gobyerno ng
Pilipinas?
Ipaliwanag ang mga
katangiang ito sa
sariling salita.
Maaaring magbigay
ng halimbawa.