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;fwf/0ftof k|sf]k cyjf cfktsfn b'jnfO{ ;ªs6sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 .
}
cyjf ;ªs6 eGgfn] crfgs kg]{ cyjf k6s–k6s hgwgsf] Iflt
x'gu/L pTkGg x'g] ljgfzsf/L cj:yfnfO{ a'emfpF5 . csf]{ cy{df cfktsfn
]
eg]sf] s'g} klg vt/fo'Qm 36gfaf6 hgwgsf] Iflt x'g] cj:yf xf] h;sf]
;fdgf ug{ ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;|ft ck"0f{ x'G5 . dxfdf/L o:t} b'Mvb 36gf
]
xf], h;sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;d'bfo ;Ifd /x]sf] x'bg .
F}
To;}u/L /f]usf sf/0f /fi6«JofkL ¿kdf, If]qLo :t/df jf ;d'bfo :t/df
åGå, lx+;f x'g;S5 . o:tf] cfktsfn ljleGg cj:yf kf/ ub}{ k"jf{j:yfdf
gcfP;Ddsf] cj:yfdf hg;ªVofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f k|efljt x'G5 . o;sf]
;dfwfgsf] nflu :yfgLo / /fli6«o :t/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qaf6 ;d]t
kxn tyf cfjZos ;xof]u h'6fpg'kg]{ l:ylt pTkGg x'G5 . o:tf]
;ªs6sf] ;dodf åGå/t kIfaf6 cfkTsfnLg dfgjLo ;xfotf ;d]t
ca?4 x'g;S5 . ;'/Iffsf] sf/0f p4f/stf{x¿ vt/fdf k5{g . o;/L x]bf{
cfkTsfnLg cj:yf cgk]lIft ¿kdf pTkGg x'g] cj:yf xf] . o; cj:yfdf
dflg;sf] hLjgk4lt c:jefljs / c;xh x'G5 . cfkTsfnLg cj:yf
lgDgcg';f/sf 36gf ePdf pTkGg x'G5 M
e"sDk, Hjfnfd'vL, af9L, klx/f]h:tf k|sf]ksf 36gf .
o'4, lx+;f, b'36gf, k|bif0f, cfuhgL, cftªsh:tf dfgjpT;lh{t
{ "
k|sf]k ePdf .
/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, wfld{s, g}lts, ;ªu7gfTds,
Joj:yfksLo cj:yf sdhf]/ ePdf .
g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs Oltxf;df ePsf] !(() sf] dxfe"sDk, @)@) ;fnsf]
e"sDk, @)@! ;fnsf] lxdtfn lj:kmf]6, @)#* ;fnsf] af9L, @)$% ;fnsf]
e"sDk / @)%@ ;fn kl5sf] åGåsf] cj:yf cfkTsfnLg pbfx/0fx¿ x'g .


b]zsf] ;fdflhs tyf /fhg}lts ;d:ofaf6 kg]{ k|ToIf c;/n] dflg;x¿
z/0ffyL{sf] ¿kdf hLjg ljtfpg afWo x'G5g . ;+oQm /fi6«;ª3Lo z/0ffyL{
'
pRr cfof]usf cg';f/ cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt JolQm tyf ;d'bfo
;}lgs ljb|fx, cfGtl/s åGå, n}l+ us lje]b, hftLo bªuf, dfgjclwsf/
]
pNnª3gh:tf sf/0fn] tTsfn cfˆgf] 3/ 5f]8g afWo eO/x]sf 5g . o:tf

lj:yflkt ;d'bfonfO{ cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt dflgPsf] 5 . logLx¿sf
;fdfGo :jf:Yo ;d:ofsf cltl/Qm k|hgg :jf:Yo ;d:ofdf ;d]t Wofg
lbg' cTofjZos x'G5 . z/0ffyL{ pRr cfof]un] s'g} klg JolQm cfkmgf]
b]zeGbf cGoq 5 / p cfkmgf] b]zdf kmls{g ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts cK7of/f]sf]
sf/0fn] of t hfg ;Sb}g cyjf hfg vf]Hb}g jf p;sf] Hofg vt/fdf 5 eg]
To:tf] cj:yfsf] JolQmnfO{ z/0ffyL{ egL JofVof u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] ;d'bfonfO{
klg cGo dfgjLo ;xfotfsf] cltl/Qm k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;'lglZrttf
cTofjZos x'G5 .
k|sf]khGo hf]lvd / dxfdf/L
ljZjsf w]/h;f] efudf ePsf cg]s lsl;dsf k|sf]ksf 36gfsf] cg'ejaf6
}
clwsf+z k|sf]ksf sf/0fn] hg:jf:Yodf b]vf kg]{ ;d:ofx¿ Ps} lsl;dsf
x'g] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfndf a/fa/ b]vf kg]{ emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, k|hgg
:jf:Yo, cf}nf], sdnlkQ, sfnfhf/h:tf 5 k|sf/sf dxfdf/Lsf k|sf]kn]
a9L k|efj kfg]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .
k|sf]kn] :jf:Yo If]qdf kfg]{ c;/ k|sf]kcg';f/ dfq km/s geP/ k|sf]k
k|efljt If]qsf] k|sf]k x'gcl3 / ePkl5sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts
'
tyf /fhg}lts cj:yfcg';f/ klg km/s x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] k|sf]ksf]
k"jtof/L / p4f/sf ultljlw ;~rfng ubf{ :jf:Yodf kg{;Sg] c;/sf
{
af/]df lgSof}n ug{ k|sf]k k|efljt If]qdf pknAw :jf:Yo ;]jfsf af/]df
{
klg ljrf/ ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . o;sf cltl/Qm k|efljt If]qsf hg;d'bfosf]
:jf:Yo /Iffsf nflu hg:jf:Yo;DaGwL gLlt / OdfGbfl/tfn] 7"nf] e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug]{ ePsfn] :jf:Yo sfo{stf{df dfgjLo lrGtgsf] ljsf; x'g' h?/L
b]lvG5 .
;?jf /f]ux¿sf] lgoGq0f
la/fdL x'g] ;ªVof / d[To' ;ªVof 36fpg ;?jf /f]ux¿sf] lgoGq0f ug'{
cfjZos x'G5 . ;?jf /f]ux¿sf] ;do d} klxrfg ug{ k|sf]k x'gcl3 g}
'

;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 / e/kbf]{ agfpg' k5{ . o;sf nflu :km]o/
kl/of]hgfsf] ;?jf /f]u lgoGq0f dfkb08sf] cWoog ug'k5{ . {
z'4 kfgLsf] cfk"lt{
:j:y eP/ afFRg :jR5 vfg] kfgL klxnf] ;t{ xf] . b"lift / To;df klg
ckof{Kt vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ jf k|of]uaf6 k|sf]k k|efljt hg;d'bfodf /f]u
km}lng], /f]uLsf] ;ªVof / d[To' j[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf w]/} x'G5 . vfg]kfgLsf
nflu :jR5 kfgLsf] cfk"lt{sf ;fy} JolQmut ;/;kmfOsf nflu klg
kof{Kt kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ x'gk5{ . kLl8tnfO{ ;ªqmfds /f]uaf6 arfpg :km]o/
'
kl/of]hgfsf] vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{;DaGwL dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjog h?/L 5 .
;/;kmfO
k|sf]kkl5 ;/;kmfO, kmf]x/ d}nf tyf 9n lgsf;sf] plrt Joj:yfkgsf]
sdL ePdf jf zf}rfnosf] k|of]u gul/Fbf ;?jf /f]u km}lng] ;Defjgf a9]/
hfG5 . k|sf]k k|efljt If]qdf z'4 lkpg] kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] kof{Kt
;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] tof/L x'gk5{ . dfgj dnd"qsf] plrt lj;h{g
'
ug{ ;s]df lb;fsf] dfWodaf6 km}lng] /f]ux¿sf] /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 .
sL6–lgoGq0f
k|sf]kkl5 nfdv'66h:tf sL/fsf] j[l4b/ Jofks x'g] / o:tf sL6af6 ;g]{
]
cf}nf], hfkfgL OG;]kmnfOl6;, 8]uh:tf /f]uaf6 d[To'b/ a9g] u5{ . ctM
F '
k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIfdf sL6–lgoGq0f klg Ps xf] .
:jf:Yo -xfOlhg_ k|a4{g
c:j:ys/ jftfj/0f tyf ;/;kmfOsf] sdLn] b"lift kfgL / vfgfsf]
dfWodaf6 ;g]{ /f]usf ;ªqmd0f j[l4df ;xof]u k'U5 . k|sf]k k|efljt
;d'bfonfO{ z'4 kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO, 9n lgsf;, zf}rfnosf] plrt
k|of]u cflbaf/] lzIff lbg'sf ;fy} kfgLsf wf/f, 9n, zf}rfno cflbsf]
/]vb]v, dd{t;Def/sf af/]df klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] x'gk5{ . '
:jf:Yo ;]jf
k|sf]ksf] 36gf x'gcl3 g} :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg] k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b9 kfl/Psf]
' [
x'gk5{ . o;sf nflu ;a} :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df a]Unfa]Un} t/ ;dGjofTds
'
k|sf]k k"jtof/L / Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] x'gk5{ / lgoldt
{ '
¿kdf To;sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] hfFr ul/Psf] x'gk5{ . '


dxfdf/Lsf k|sf/ /
lgoGq0fsf pkfo
a8{kmn'
a8{ˆn'nfO{{ …xfOnL k]yf]hl] gs PlePg OgkmnPGhfÚ klg eGg] ul/G5 . of]
'
s'v/f, xfF; tyf hªunL r/fr'?ªuLdf ljiff0f'åf/f nfUg] ;?jf /f]u xf] .
'
of] /f]u obfsbf ;'u/df klg nfUg] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgstf{x¿sf] bfaL 5 .
F '
dflg;df klg OgkmnPGhf /f]u nfUg] u5{ t/ dflg;df x'g] /f]usf] lsl;d
'
leGg} x'G5 . r/fr'?ªuLdf nfUg] s]xL pkhfltsf laiff0f'n] dflg;df
uDeL/ k|lts"n k|efj kfg{;S5 . r/fr'?ªuLdf of] /f]usf] klxrfg ;j{kyd
|
;g !*&* df ePsf] lyof] eg] ;g !((& df dflg;df nfu]sf] yfxf
ePsf] lyof] .
dflg;df a8{km n' nfUg] sf/0f
of] /f]u OgkmnPGhf …PÚ laiff0f'n] ubf{ x'G5 . laiff0f'nfO{ To;sf ;txdf
'
x'g ;Sg] !^ j6f lxdUn'l6lgg -h;nfO{ H elgG5_ / ( j6f Go"/fldlg8]h
–h;nfO{ N elgG5_ k|fl] 6gx¿sf] cfwf/df ljleGg k|hfltdf ljefhg
ul/Psf 5g . tL k|hfltdWo] H5N1, H3N2, H7N7 / H9N2 n] dfq
dflg;df /f]u nfu]sf] kfOG5 . OgkmnPGhf …PÚ laiff0f'n] xfF;, s'v/f,
' '
;'u/, 3f]8f tyf cGo hgfj/x¿df dxfdf/L km}nfpF5 . dflg; tyf
F '
r/fr'?ªuLdf nfUg] H5N1 / H7N7 laiff0f' ;ªqmfds x'g] eP klg
dflg;df of] ;lhn} ;g{ ;Sb}g .
oL laiff0f' ^)) l8u|L ;]lG6u|8 tfkdf #) ldg]6, @@) l8u|L ;]lG6u|8
] ]
tftf] kfgLdf $ lbg;Dd / z"Go l8u|L ;]lG6u|8df ! dlxgf;Dd afFRg
]
;S5g . t/ oL hLjf0f'nfO{ kmdf{lng jf cfof]l8gsf] k|of]un] eg] ;lhn}
gi6 ug{ ;lsG5 .
a8{km n'sf] pTklQ / Oltxf;
of] /f]u ;g !((& b]lv r/fr'?ªuLaf6 dflg;df ;g{ yfn]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .


;f] jif{ xªusªudf H5N1 OgkmnPGhfsf !* hgf /f]uL dWo] ^ hgfsf]
'
d[To' ePsf] lyof] . xªusªudf ;g !((( df H9N2 OgkmnPGhf / ;g
'
@))# df H5N1 OgkmnPGhfsf] k|sf]k b]lvPsf] lyof] . ;g @))# df
'
H7N7 OgkmnPGhfn] xNof08df Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] *#
'
hgf la/fdL ePsf lyP . ;g @))$ df yfONof08 / leotgfddf olsg
ePsf @# /f]uLdWo] !( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
H5N1 OgkmnPGhfsf] k|sf]k ljleGg r/fr'?ªuL, s'v/f tyf ;'u/ /
' ' F '
dflg;df klg b]lvPsf] 5 . dflg;df of] /f]u 6sL{, O/fs, ch/a}hfg,
OlhK6, tfOjfg, blIf0f sf]l/of, hfkfg, rLg, yfONofg08, OG8f]gl] ;of,
leotgfd / SofDaf]l8ofdf e]l6Psf] lyof] . g]kfndf eg] xfn;Dd of] /f]u
s'v/f, r/f tyf dflg;df e]l6Psf] 5}g .
'
dflg;df ;g]{ k|lqmof
a8{ˆn'sf] hLjf0f' s'v/fsf] ¥ofn tyf ;'nLdf sDtLdf !) lbg;Dd /xg
'
;S5 . s'v/fsf] Ps u|fd ;'nLdf nfvf}+ s'v/fnfO{ ;ªqmd0f ug{;Sg]
' '
ljiff0f' x'G5g . o;sf] hLjf0f' k|bl" ift efF8f, cfxf/f, ;'nL, df6f], xfjf /
kmf]xf]/ h'Qfsf] dfWodaf6 Pp6f s'v/f kmfd{af6 csf]df kmfd{df ;g]{ u5{ .
' {
a;fOF ;/]/ cfpg] r/fx¿n] klg of] /f]u ;fg{ ;S5g .
dflg;df of] /f]u ;ªqmldt lhpFbf] jf d/]sf] r/fsf] k|ToIf ;Dks{af6
;5{ . ljiff0f'n] ;ªqmd0f u/]sf] !* b]lv &@ 306fdf o;sf nIf0f
b]lvG5 . r/fsf] ;'nL, df;' / c08faf6 klg o;sf] hLjf0f' ;g{ ;S5 .
a8{km n'sf] nIf0f
OgkmnPGhf …PÚ sf] ljiff0f'n] r/fx¿df ;fdfGob]lv clt uDeL/ nIf0fx¿
'
b]vfpF5 . cs:dft w]/} s'v/fx¿ dg],{ km'n kfg{ aGb ug],{ 6fpsf] ;'lGgg],
'
bfgf gvfg], ltvf{pg], ;]tf] 5]g{] / kIfwft x'g] o;sf k|dv nIf0f x'g .
'
dflg;df Hj/f] cfpg], vf]sL nfUg] tyf 3fF6L b'Vg] nIf0f b]vf k5{ . s]xL
dflg;sf] kmf]S;f]df uDeL/ c;/ k/]/ lgdf]lgof klg x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
/f]u 3fts aGg k'U5 .
s'v/f kmfd{sf sfdbf/x¿, r/fr'?ªuLsf] cf}ifwf]krf/ tyf k|of]uzfnfdf
'
;+nUg JolQmx¿nfO{ /f]u ;g]{ ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . of] /f]u hf];snfO{ klg
' }

nfUg ;Sg] ePtfklg k'/fgf /f]uL tyf /f]u;Fu n8g] Ifdtf sd ePsfnfO{
rf8}F nfU5 .
a8{km n'af6 aRg] pkfo / pkrf/
df;' tyf c08fdf /f]usf ljiff0f' kfOg] ePklg tL ljiff0f' ^ ;o l8u|L
;]lG6u|8sf] tftf]df #) ldg]6df g} d5{g . ctM df;' tyf c08f ksfpFbf
To;sf] leqL tfkqmd ;ft ;o l8u|L ;]lG6u|8 k'usf] s]xL a]/d} ljiff0f' dg]{
] ]
ePsf]n] ksfP/ vfPsf] df;' jf c08faf6 of] /f]u ;g{ ;Sb}g . o;
/f]uaf6 aRg lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg'k5{ M
zªsf:kb cj:yfsf r/fr'?ªuLnfO{ lgu/fgLdf /fVg] / To;sf]
cf];f/ k;f/ aGb ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg] .
/f]uL jf zªsf:kb s'v/fsf] df;' tyf c08f 5'bf ;'/lIft kf]zfs
' F
tyf pks/0fsf] k|of]u ug]{ / 5f]Pdf /fd|/L xft w'g] .
s'v/f kmfd{ / Xofr/Lx¿df h}ljs ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ nfu" ug]{ .
'
s'v/fsf] df;' tyf c08f /fd|/L ksfP/ dfq vfg] .
'
hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{ :jf:Yo lzIff ;+kif0f ug]{ .
]|
JolQmut ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbg] .
/f]usf] zªsf nfu]df t'?Gt ;DalGwt :jf:Yo s]Gb|df va/ ug]{ .
dflg; tyf s'v/fdf nfu]sf] o; /f]usf] ljz]if pkrf/k4lt ljsl;t
'
ePsf] 5}g . /f]uL r/fr'?ªuLnfO{ tyf hgfj/nfO{ gi6 kfg]{ / ltgsf kmfd{
jf vf]/ lg;ªqmldt ug{' g} o;af6 aRg] klxnf] pkfo xf] . la/fdL
dflg;nfO{ 5'66} /fvL nIf0fcg';f/ ;xof]ufTds pkrf/ ug'k5{ . ljb]zdf
{
PlG6efO/n cf}iflwx¿ k|of]u ul/g] ePtfklg g]kfndf tL cf}iflw pknAw
gx'g,' dxFuf] x'g' / To;sf gsf/fTds k|efjx¿ a9L x'g] ePsf]n] k|of]udf
NofOPsf] 5}g . g]kfndf o; /f]usf] lgoGq0fsf nflu lgDg pkfo cjnDag
ul/Psf] 5 M
lhNnfl:yt :jf:Yo tyf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nox¿, lhNnf kz';jf ]
sfof{nox¿sf /]lk8 /]:kf]G; 6Ldx¿ / ;a} kz'–Sjf/]G6fOg r]s
kf]i6x¿nfO{ ;r]t /flvPsf] 5 .
/f]usf] afx'No ePsf b]zx¿af6 r/fr'?ªuL, ck|zf]lwt df;' tyf


cGo r/fhGo kbfy{sf] cfotdf k|ltaGw nufOPsf] 5 .
r/f / r/fhGo kbfy{sf] Sjf/]G6fOg k4lt, /f]usf] ;le{nG; tyf
]
cg'udgdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .
/f]unfO{ lelqg glbg ;ªs6sfnLg sfo{of]hgf nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .
kz'kG5Ldf /f]u lgbfgsf nflu s]lGb|o kz'/f]u lgbfg k|of]uzfnf,
/fli6«o kG5L /f]u lgbfg k|of]uzfnf tyf If]qLo kz'/f]u lgbfg
k|of]uzfnfx¿df / dfgjdf /f]u lgbfgsf] nflu /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo
k|of]uzfnfdfkm{t sfd ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 .
dfgjdf /f]usf] tYo ;"rgf ;+kif0f Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
]|
xfn} ljleGg bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]udf $ jif]{ a8{kmn' lgoGq0f
cfof]hgfcGtu{t dfgj tyf r/fr'?ªuLdf /f]usf] vf]h tyf
k|of]uzfnf ;'b9Ls/0f of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 .
[
dxfdf/L lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkg
;?jf /f]usf] dxfdf/L k|foM JolQmut, 3/]n' / dfgjl;lh{t jftfj/0fLo
cj:yfsf sf/0f km}lng] x'bf o;sf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0f dflg;sf] 1fg,
F
wf/0ff / Jojxf/sf] kl/jt{gaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . :jf:Yo lj1fgsf]
k|rlnt egfO …pkrf/eGbf /f]syfd pQdÚ (Prevention is better than
cure) n] dflg;nfO{ /f]u nflu;s]kl5 pkrf/ ug'eGbf /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf
{
b]lvgf;fy /f]syfd ug'{ k|efjsf/L x'g] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . ;fdfGotof
dxfdf/L Joj:yfkgdf /f]u ;g]{ / km}ng] ;Defjgfsf] Go"gLs/0f ub}{
/f]syfdsf r/0fa4 pkrf/ljlw ckgfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

dxfdf/Lcl3sf] k"j{tof/L of]hgf
lhNnf k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt, g]kfn /]8qm;, g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L,
g]kfn k|x/L tyf cGo ;DalGwt lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo u/]/ lhNnfsf]
cfkTsfnLg k"jtof/L / k|sf]k k|ltsf/fTds of]hgf tof/ kfg'k5{ . of]
{ {
k"j{tof/L of]hgfdf c:ktfndf ul/g] k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] of]hgf /
;fd'bflos txdf lbg'kg]{ :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf lhNnfdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkgdf
d'Vo e"ldsf v]Ng] lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo sfod u/L ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg /


;j{;ne kx'rsf] jftfj/0f tof/ kfg'k5{ . of]hgfdf lj:t[t :jf:Yol:ylt
' F {
cfsng / pknAw x'g] :jf:Yo ;'ljwf, :yfgLo ;|ft–;fwg, hgzlQmsf]
]
k|fyldstfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L hf]lvdsf] klxrfg ug'k5{ . jt{dfg ;dodf
{
pknAw eO/x]sf] :jf:Yo ;]jfn] k|sf]ksf] ;dodf s;/L sfd ug{;S5
eGg] ljifosf] klg lgSof]n ug'k5{ .
{ {
;"rgf ;ªsng
k|sf]ksf] ;Defljt hf]lvddf /x]sf If]qdf ;/sf/L lgsfo, :jf:Yo sfof{no,
/]8qm;, g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L, g]kfn k|x/L, g]kfn :sfp6 tyf cGo
;ª3;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|sf]ksf af/]df b|t–;"rgf ;ªsng k|0ffnLsf]
"
ljsf; u/L To;nfO{ ;'b9 kfg'k5{ . lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no / hg:jf:Yo
[ {
sfof{nodf ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf u/L u|fdL0f txaf6 ;"rgf ;ªsng ug]{
/ tTsfn} clen]v ug]{ sfd ug'k5{ . o:tf] s]Gb| rf}la;}306f v'nf /xg]
{
Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] x'gk5{ .
'
tflnd
:jf:Yo sfo{stf{nfO{ ;/sf/n] cfjZos tflnd lbg'k5{ . o;sf ;fy}
;d'bfosf :jo+;jsn] klg tflnd k|fKt ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug'k5{ .
] {
cfkTsfnLg k"jtof/L tyf k|sf]k Joj:yfkgdf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'sf
{ {
;fy} u|fdL0f txb]lv ;DalGwt :jf:Yo lgsfo;Dd e/kbf]{ ;"rgf k|jfx
ug{;d]t :jo+;js tflndsf] k|j4{g ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
]
cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft
k|sf]kkl5 pTkGg x'g;Sg] cfkTsfnLg cj:yfsf nflu cfjZos kg]{
cf}iflw tyf pks/0f :yfgLo ;d'bfodf / :jf:Yos]Gb|df df}Hbft /fVg'
h?/L x'G5 . lhNnf c:ktfn jf lhNnf :jf:Yo jf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nodf
cfk"lt{ x'g] cf}iflw tyf pks/0f tTsfn cfk"lt{ ug{;Sg] u/L tof/L
cj:yfdf /fVg'k5{ .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO
k"jtof/L of]hgf agfpFbf ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ;/;kmfOh:tf
{
ljifodf ;+j]bgzLn /xg'k5{ . jftfj/0f k|b"if0f x'g] lqmofsnfknfO{


lg?T;flxt u/L :jR5 jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug'k5{ . o;sf nflu ;d'bfo
{
cfkm}n] klg ;ts{tf ckgfpg'k5{ .
F
dxfdf/Laf6 k|efljt ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg To;sf] ;Defjgf, sf/0f
/ k|efjaf/] k|efljt x'g;Sg] ;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t u/fpg'k5{ . vf; ;d'bfodf
cf}nf] /f]un] x/]s jif{ lgoldth;f] dxfdf/Lsf] ¿k wf/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5
eg]] of] ;?jf /f]u nfUg] sf/0f s] xf], s;/L ;5{, /f]usf nIf0f s:tf
x'G5g, /f]uaf6 s:tf] vt/f pTkGg x'g;S5 eGg] ljifodf ;d'bfodf
r]tgf clej[l4 ug'k5{ . o;af6 /f]u km}lng / dxfdf/Lsf] ¿k lng glbg
{
;d'bfon] cfkm}F ;r]t / ;hu eP/ kxn ug{;S5 .
emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, Dofb]Hj/f]h:tf /f]u d'Votof ;/;kmfOsf] sdLsf
sf/0f km}nG5 . o:tf /f]usf] dxfdf/L km}lng] ;Defljt :yfgdf hgr]tgf
sfo{qmd;Fu} JolQmut, 3/fo;L, ;fd'bflos / jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO cleofg
rnfpg' a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . w]/h;f] ;?jf /f]u b"lift kfgLsf] k|of]uaf6
}
dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}ng] u5{g . b}lgs pkof]u ul/g] kfgL z'4 / ;kmf x'g'
:jf:Yosf] b[li6sf]0fn] clgjfo{ zt{ g} xf] . t;y{, ;d'bfodf b"lift kfgLaf6
s:tf :jf:Yo ;d:of pAhG5g eGg]af/] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} kfgL z'4 kfg]{
Jofjxfl/s tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug{ clek|l] /t ug'k5{ . {
:jR5 vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgsf nflu kfgLsf] ;|ft, ;ªsng ug]]{ 7fpF /
]
3/]n' pkof]usf nflu kfgL /fVg] efF8fnufotdf kfgL b"lift x'g] sf/0faf/]
;a}df 1fg x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . kfgLsf] ;|ft ;kmf eP klg 3/;Dd
]
NofpFbf–NofpFb} klg b"lift x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . ctM :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf]
plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ xf] eg] kfgLaf6 km}ng] /f]uhGo dxfdf/L w]/xb;Dd }
lgoGq0f x'G5 .
3/]n' tyf jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0fsf nflu b}lgs dfgjLo lqmofsnfk /
cfr/0fn] k|dv e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] x'G5 . jftfj/0fLo z'4tfsf nflu
'
3/fo;L kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;'/lIft Joj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] lgoldt
/]vb]v, dd{t;Def/ ul/g'k5{ . v'nf 7fpFdf lb;flk;fa / kmf]xf]/ ug]{
s'/fsf] sfg'gL / Jojxfl/s ¿kdf lgoGq0f x'gk5{ . ;fj{hlgs kmf]xf]/
'
Joj:yfkgsf] pko'Qm Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
plNnlvt sfo{ dxfdf/L lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgsf ;fwf/0f pkfo x'g .


o:tf sfo{af/] a'emg / sfof{Gjog ug{ pRrcWoog jf ljz]if1tfsf] h?/t
kb}g . o;sf nflu cfwf/e"t 1fg, ;sf/fTds wf/0ff, ;xof]uL efjgf /
{
;Defljt hf]lvdk|lt rgfvf] eP k'U5 .
k|sf]ksf] ;dodf ug'kg]{ p4f/ tyf Joj:yfkg
{
s'g} klg /f]u dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}lng] ;Defjgf b]vfk/]df tTsfn}
;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfodf va/ ug'k5{ . o:tf /f]usf] :yfoL lg?k0fsf
{
nflu /f]usf] ;|ft klxrfg u/L pkrf/ ug{ ljz]if1 / lrlsT;ssf] ;xof]u
]
lng' cfjZos x'G5 . /f]u lgbfgsf nflu pkrf/ ubf{ / /f]uLsf /]vb]v
ubf{;d]t cGo dflg;df /f]u g;g]{ plrt ljlw ckgfpg'k5{ . dxfdf/Lsf]
cj:yfdf k|efljt JolQmsf] clen]v /fvL, To;;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{
pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . o;af6 eljiodf dxfdf/Lsf ;Defljt sf/0faf/]
cWoog u/L lgoGq0fsf pkfo vf]Hg;d]t ;Da4 kIfnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 .
:jf:Yo l:yltsf] cfsng
k|sf]k ePsf] :yfg / To; j/k/sf] :jf:Yo l:ylt a'‰g :jf:Yo :jo+;jsnfO{
]
tTsfn kl/rfng ug'k5{ . ;d'bfodf s;}nfO{ ck|Tofl;t /f]u nfu]sf]
{
cfef; x'gf;fy :jf:Yo s]Gb|df ;"rgf ug'k5{ . k|f/lDes :jf:Yo l:yltsf]
{
cfsng ug{ :jf:Yo s]Gb|af6 pknAw kmf/fd e/]/ jf e/fP/ ;DalGwt
lgsfodf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . :jf:Yo sfof{non] klg k|sf]khGo 36gf
ePsf] @$ 306fleqdf d"Nofªsg 6f]nL k7fO;Sg'k5{ .
:jf:Yo ;]jf
lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{non] dxfdf/L km}lng;Sg] If]qdf :yfgLo :jf:Yo
;+:yf, g]kfn /]8qm;, k|x/L, ;]gf, lghL :jf:Yo ;+:yf, :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf / :yfgLo ;d'bfo;Fu ;xof]u lnO{ cfkTsfnLg :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg
ug{ ;dGjo ug'k5{ . cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf 3fOt]sf] pkrf/ tyf Joj:yfkg
{
/ ;/;kmfOsf sfo{sf cltl/Qm hg:jf:Yo;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifodf
:jf:Yo;]jf s]lGb|t x'gk5{ .
'
cfkTsfnLg p4f/
;?jf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvfsf] ;+of]hgdf s'g} klg k|sf]khGo sf/0faf6


x'g;Sg] dxfdf/L Joj:yfkg ug{ cfkTsfnLg k"jtof/L / k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
{
sfo{qmd ;~rflnt x'G5g . o:tf sfo{qmdcGt{ut of]hgf th'df, Ifdtf
{
clej[l4, ;r]tgf sfo{qmd, ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx¿aLr ;dGjo sfod
ug]h:tf sfo{qmd;d]t ;~rfng x'g] u/]sf 5g . jiff{ofddf af9L /
{
klx/f]sf] k|sf]kkl5 b]vfkg{] dxfdf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ If]qLo / lhNnf
txsf :jf:Yo lgsfox¿df Go"gtd cfkTsfnLg cf}iflw tyf cfjZos
;fdu|L k|sf]kcufj} k7fpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . :yfgLo ;+:yf /
;xhstf{sf] ;xof]udf ;d'bfon] oL If]qaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]
ePsfn] ;xhstf{x¿n] ;d'bfosf] dxfdf/LhGo hf]lvdsf] klxrfg ul//fVg'
/fd|f] x'G5 .
cfkTsfnLg :jf:Yo;]jf / /fxt Joj:yfkgsf nflu s]Gb|, If]q / lhNnf
txsf cfkTsfnLg k|ltsf/ 6f]nLsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] x'G5 . lhNnf
:jf:Yo sfof{nosf] cu'jfOdf lhNnfdf k|ltsf/ 6f]nLn] If]q / s]Gb|sf]
lgb]{zgdf s'g} klg /f]uhGo dxfdf/Lsf] k|ltsf/sf] Joj:yfkg u5{ .
;}4flGts / gLltut ¿kdf o:tf 6f]nLsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP klg
jf:tljs ¿kdf k|sf]k / dxfdf/Lsf] ;dodf cfjZos p4f/ tyf /fxt
Joj:yfkg ug{] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos tflnd, ;Lk / 1fg lbg]
cj;/ eg] ldnfPsf] kfOPsf] 5}g . To;}n] :yfgLo ;+:yfn] ;/f]sf/jfn;Fu
;dGjo u/L tflnd / hgr]tgf clej[l4df ;3fp k'¥ofpg' h?/L 5 .
bL3{sfnLg Joj:yfkg
;d'bfodf dxfdf/Laf6 d[tssf] ;ªVof, k|efljt JolQm, k|sf]k lgoGq0fsf]
Nffut / s'n Iflt nufotsf] tYout k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L ;DalGwt
lgsfodf k|:t't ug'{k5{ . oL tYosf] cfwf/df hg;d'bfodf ;r]tgf
clej[l4sf sfo{qmd th'df ug{ ;xh x'G5 . o;af6 eljiodf dxfdf/Lsf]
{
;Defljt If]qsf] klxrfg u/L k"jf{g'dfg, ;~rf/ / ;dGjosf nflu
k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnL / tYofªs ;ªsngdf ;xof]u ldN5 . To;}sf] cfwf/df
{ ]
bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ ug{ / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 . dxfdf/L lgoGq0f
/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;/sf/af6 klg cfjZos gLltut / sfg'gL Joj:yf
ldnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{ ;hu / ;lqmo /fVg'k5{ . dxfdf/L lgoGq0f
/ Joj:yfkg :jf:Yo lj1fgsf] Jofks / ax'kIfLo ;/f]sf/sf] If]q xf] .

ctM dxfdf/L lgoGq0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf k"jtof/L k|ltsf/, k'g/fjnf]sg
{
tyf d"Nofªsg sfo{sf] ;dGjo eP k6s–k6s bf]xf]l/g] dxfdf/Lsf] :yfoL
lgbfg ug{ ;xof]u ldN5 .
ljBdfg sfg'gL Joj:yfdf ;'wf/
dxfdf/Lsf] lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfndf ljBdfg P]g, sfg'g
/ lgodx¿ kof{Kt / k|efjsf/L ePsf] b]lvFbg . hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL
}
sfg'gsf] cefj cem} klg vl6sPsf] 5 . g]kfndf lakm/ lgoGq0f P]g,
@)@) / ;ªqmfds /f]u P]g, @)@) dfq} sfof{Gjogdf 5g . lakm/ cfpg
glbg afnsnfO{ vf]k nufpg' clgjfo{ ug]{ qmddf k|dv k|:tfjgfsf ;fy
'
lakm/ lgoGq0f P]g– @)@) cfPsf] lyof] . kmntM ljZjsf ;fy} g]kfnaf6
klg lakm/ pGd"ng ePsf] dflgPsf] 5 .
;ªqmfds /f]u P]g, @)@) sf] k|:tfjgfn] g]kfn clw/fHoe/ s'g} klg
efudf ;ªqmfds /f]u km}lnPdf jf km}lng] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf To;n]
pu|¿k lng gkfpg]u/L] /f]syfd jf lgoGq0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] nIo
lnPsf] kfOG5 . ;f] P]gn] s'g} klg ;?jf /f]usf] /f]syfd, lgoGq0f /
Joj:yfkg ug{] bfo/fnfO{ km/flsnf] agfPsf] 5 eg] g;g]{ /f]usf] dxfdf/LnfO{
j]jf:tf u/]sf] 5 . ctM ;a}vfn] ;?jf /f]usf] dxfdf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf
nflu cfjZos sfg'g, gLlt tyf lgod :ki6 ¿kdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
oL lgodsf] k|fb'ef{j x'gklxn] :jf:Yo dGqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu,
'
:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo / ;ª3;+:yfx¿n] 7f8f] sfo{qmd ;~rfng
u/L hg:jf:Yosf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf lyP . jt{dfg ;dodf eg]
:jf:Yo sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg If]qut¿kdf ;dfof]hg u/L
PsLs[t :jf:Yo sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g yfn]sf 5g . o:tf] Joj:yf
ePkl5 k|dv ¿kdf /f]uhGo dxfdf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg x]g{] Olk8]ldof]nf]hL
'
tyf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvfaf6} k|sf]k Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd;d]t ;~rflnt
x'gu/]sf 5g .
]
g]kfndf b]lvPsf ;d:of
/f]uhGo dxfdf/L lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf k|dv ;d:ofnfO{
'


b]xfocg';f/ lng ;lsG5 M
P]gsfg'gdf Joj:yf ePcg';f/ sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg',
s]Gb|Lo txdf ag]sf gLlt, lgod, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd If]q tyf
lhNnf txdf ;dodf gk'Ug' / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, cg'udg /
d"Nofªsg gx'g,'
k|sf]khGo sf/0faf6 :jf:Yo If]qdf kg{;Sg] gsf/fTds c;/af/]
kof{Kt 1fg gx'g' tyf hfgsf/L ePsf tYonfO{ klg a]jf:tf ug',{
dxfdf/LhGo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ljljw If]qsf ;ª3;+:yf /
;fem]bf/aLr k|efjsf/L ;dGjo x'g g;Sg' .
plNnlvt ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;/sf/L txaf6 gLltut Joj:yfsf]
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g' cfjZos 5 . k|sf]khGo sf/0faf6 l;lh{t
dxfdf/L lgoGq0fsf nflu ;j{kIfLo ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/Lsf] cfjZostf
k5{ . ctM o;sf] Joj:yfkgsf] k|dv lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] lgsfon] k|efjsf/L
'
e"ldsf v]Ng' cfjZos 5 .
s]Gb|Lo:t/df th'df ul/Psf] gLlt / of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{
{
If]q / lhNnf txsf :jf:Yo lgsfox¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; x'g klg h?/L 5 .
o;sf cnfjf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;d]tsf] k|efjsf/L ;dGjo
sfod ug{;s] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;fy{s aGg;S5 . ljsf; xf]; jf /fxt
Joj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs lgsfo / lghLIf]qaLrsf] ;fem]bf/L Ps ckl/xfo{
cfjZostf xf] . ;/sf/L lgsfo / u}/;/sf/L ;ª3;+:yfaLrsf] ;dGjo
k|efjsf/L gePdf ;fdflhs sfo{df pTkGg x'g] cj/f]wh:t} o; If]qdf
klg ;d:of pTkGg x'g ;Sb}g eGg ;lsGg .
g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;]jf clwsf+z j}bl] zs ;xof]udf lge{/ /x]sf] kl/k|Iodf
]
o;sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf ;d]t cGt/f{li6«o ;fem]bf/ lgsfosf] e"ldsf pNn]Vo
/xFb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfIf]qsf k|dv ;xof]uLdf ljZj
'
:jf:Yo ;ªu7g, o'lg;]km tyf cGo ;+oQm /fi6«;ª3Lo ;+:yfx¿, bft[;:yf
' +
/ cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf k5{g . oLdWo] dxfdf/L lgoGq0f /
Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljZj :jf:Yo ;ªu7g, o'lg;]km, ;+oQm /fi6«;ª3Lo
'
hg;ªVof Joj:yfkg sf]if, ljZja}ªsnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L

;+:yfn] a]Unfa]Un} k|lqmofaf6 ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf 5g . ;+oQm '


/fi6«;ª3 dftxtsf lgsfo / låkIfLo lgsfon] ;/sf/;Fu gLlt–lgdf{0fb]lv
sfof{Gjog tx;Dd k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg eP/ sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5g .
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ljleGg ljifo / If]qdf
sfof{Gjog txdf sfd u/]sf 5g . dxfdf/L lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgsf
nflu k|fljlws Pj+ cfly{s j}b]lzs ;xof]u :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cleGg
cªusf ¿kdf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . sltko dxfdf/Lsf] lgbfg / /fxt
Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;d]t bft[ lgsfosf] d'v tfSg'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf dxfdf/L Joj:yfkgsf nflu /fli6«o Ifdtf ljsf;qmd k|f/lDes
cj:yfd} /x]sf] 5 . ev{/} dfq :jf:Yo sfo{qmd ljs]Gb|Ls/0f u/L /f]uhGo
dxfdf/Lsf] /fxt Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf lhNnf / :yfgLo txnfO{ lbg] sfo{
cf/De ePsf] 5 . ljBdfg cl:y/tf / czflGt tyf ;ªqmd0fsfnLg
cj:yfdf b'ud / lk5l8Psf ;d'bfodf cfjZos dfgjLo tyf cGo
{
;|ft;fwg ckof{Kt x'g] ePsfn] w]/n] k|sf]kaf6 kLl8t x'gkg]{ / Hofg;d]t
] } '
u'dfpg'kg]{ cj:yf pTkGg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ljBdfg ;d:of ;dfwfgsf
nflu gLltlgdf{tf / lgb]{zs txdf lhDd]jf/L / uDeL/tfsf]] cefj
b]lvG5 . Pstkm{ s]Gb|Lo:t/df lgwf{l/t gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, If]q tyf
lhNnf tx;Dd k'Ug l9nf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]tkm{ If]q, lhNnf /
{
:yfgLo tx;Dd dxfdf/L Joj:yfkgsf lgwf{l/t ;|ft;fwg ;dod} gk'Ug]
]
/ r'xfj6 x'g] sf/0fn] klg dxfdf/LhGo /fxt Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L x'g
g;s]sf] k|tLt x'G5 .
o; cj:yfdf gLltlgdf{0f ug]{ lgsfon] cfkm}F lhDd]jf/ eP/ :jf:Yo
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d"Nofªsg ug'{ h?/L 5 . To;}u/L,
:jf:Yo sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog txsf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ / :jo+;jssf] Ifdtf
]
ljsf;df Wofg k'Ug' klg h?/L 5 . k|sf]khGo dxfdf/L Joj:yfkgsf
k"jtof/L / /fxt Joj:yfkgdf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfaLr ;dGjo :yfkgf
{
ug]{ / o:tf ;d:ofaf/] k|;, /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehgdfkm{t r]tgfd"ns
]
sfo{qmd k|;f/0f u/L nlIft p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .


pk;+xf/
;/sf/sf] tYofªscg';f/ dxfdf/Laf6 yf]/} dfq dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf]
b]lvPklg o;sf] jf:tljs tYofªs ;ªsng ug]{ Joj:yf clxn];Dd
gePsfn] olt g} dflg; dxfdf/Laf6 d5{g eGg] oyfy{ yfxf kfpg
;lsPsf] 5}g . ljz]ifu/L kfgLhGo sf/0faf6 dxfdf/L pTkGg x'g] ePklg
cGo k|sf]ksf 36gfkl5 klg o;sf] hf]lvd j[l4 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . sltko
cj:yfdf cGo s'g} k|sf]k geP klg dxfdf/Ln] w]/} dflg;nfO{ cfˆgf]
l;sf/ agfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
;/sf/n] dxfdf/L Joj:yfkgsf] k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg cGt{lgsfo
;dGjo u/L ;xsfo{ clej[l4 ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . k|sf]ksf ;dodf
:yfgLo lgsfo, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf jf gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;dGjo /
;xsfo{ ug]{ wf/0ff /x]sf] eP klg To;n] k|lta4tf kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
sltko cj:yfdf u|fdL0f ;d'bfo :jf:YosdL{ cfpg]5g eGg] cfz ub}{
hLjgd/0fsf] bf];fFwdf /xg] u/]sf y'k|} pbfx/0f kfpg ;lsG5, t/
:yfgLo lgsfon] ;df:o ;dfwfgsf nflu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/]sf]
x'bg . o; cj:yfdf dxfdf/Lsf] k|sf]k km}lng'nfO{ c;fdfGo 7fGg klg
F}
;lsFbg . To;}n] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] k|lta4tf
}
;a}n] lng' h?/L 5 .

;Gbe{;fdu|L
:km]o/ kl/of]hgf, dfgjLo a8fkq tyf Go"gtd dfkb08 -g]kfnL ;+:s/0f_, k|sf]k
k"jtof/L ;~hfn g]kfn, sf7df8f},+ @)^$, .
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g]kfn ;/sf/ u[xdGqfno, l8;f:6/ l;gfl/of] ckm g]kfn, ;g @))$ .
pd]z s§]n, g]kfndf /f]uhGo dxfdf/Lsf] cj:yf / /fxt Joj:yfkg, kof{j/0f dfl;s,
k"0ff{ªs %#, h]7 @)^@ .

:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu / Olkl8ldof]nf]hLsf ljleGg k|sfzgx?
kof{j/0f dfl;ssf ljleGg cªsx?


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