Diabetes Mellitus - Defination, Symptoms, Types, Insulin Evolution, Insulin Side effects, Diabetes oral medication & side effects, The concept of Ayurveda, Pukhraj DB Control consists, Effect of Aloe vera, Karela, Amla, Giloy & Jamun on Diabetes, Non-medical management, Diet, Cholesterol, Exercise.

1. CONTROL YOUR DIABETES
WITH
PUKHRAJ
DB CONTROL

3. Pancreas
The bulk of the pancreas is an
exocrine gland secreting pancreatic
fluid into the duodenum after a meal.

5. Diabetes Mellitus
a group of diseases characterized by high levels of
blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin
production, insulin action, or both.
Symptoms

6. Consists of 3 types:
1) Type-1 diabetes (IDDM)
2) Type-2 diabetes (NIDDM)
3) Gestational diabetes
Complications:
- Stroke
- Heart attack
- Kidney disease
- Eye Disease
- Nerve Damage
Diabetes Mellitus

7. - Pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin are destroyed.
- Results in insulin dependence
-This form of diabetes usually strikes children and young
adults, although disease onset can occur at any age.
Type-1 Diabetes

8. Type-2 Diabetes
- Blood glucose levels rise due to
1) Lack of sufficient insulin production,
2) Body cells do not react to insulin (insulin resistant).
- Associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes
- Can be controlled by losing weight, following a healthy diet,
doing plenty of exercise and monitoring blood glucose levels.
- Approximately 90% of all cases of
diabetes worldwide are of this type.
- eventually leads to β-cell failure
(resulting in insulin dependence)

9. Type-2 Diabetes

10. Gestational Diabetes
- A form of glucose
intolerance that is diagnosed in some
women during pregnancy.
-Undiagnosed
gestational diabetes can raise the risk
of complications during childbirth.
The baby may be bigger than he/she
should be.
-Women whose diets
before becoming pregnant were high
in animal fat and cholesterol had a
higher risk for gestational diabetes

11. Stage 1 Insulin was extracted from the glands of cows and
pigs. (1920s)
Stage 2 Convert pig insulin into human insulin by removing
the one amino acid that distinguishes them and
replacing it with the human version.
Stage 3 Insert the human insulin gene into E. coli and
culture the recombinant E.coli to produce insulin
(trade name = Humulin®). Yeast is also used to
produce insulin (trade name is Novolin®) (1987).
Insulin Drug Evolution

12. Insulin Side Effects:
♦ rash,
♦ itching,
♦ swelling,
♦ dizziness,
♦ trouble breathing
Too much insulin can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia).
The symptoms include: cold sweat,
shaking,
rapid heart rate.

13. 1. Metformin: improves insulin’s ability to move glucose into
cells (esp. muscles).
Side effects:
Disturbance to the gut, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Abdominal pain,
Loss of appetite
Diabetes – Oral Medications
3. Glipizide: Stimulate more insulin production.
Side effects:
Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhoea.
2. Pioglitazone: make cells more sensitive to insulin (esp. fatty cells).
Side effects:
Stomach pain, Blood in your urine, Painful urination, Headache
Gradual weight gain, Muscle pain, Back pain, Tooth problems.

14. The universe is made up of five elements: Air, Fire, Water,
Earth and Space. These elements are represented in humans by :
—Vata (Air & Space):
responsible for force, circulation, respiration
and elimination,
—Pitta (Fire & Water) :
responsible for digestion and metabolism.
—Kapha (Water & Earth):
responsible for growth and protection.
The Concept of Ayurveda

15. Pukhraj DB Control

16. Effect of Aloe Vera on Diabetes:
Research shows that Aloe Vera leaf pulps lower
the blood glucose level of IDDM and NIDDM,
but not of Non- Diabetics.
Aloe Vera reduces blood glucose level by enhancing
glucose metabolism, which could be by an anti-
oxidant mechanism.
Research indicated the presence of several
hypoglycemic-activity-possessing elements in the
Aloe Vera gel.
Other Actions of Aloe Vera:
Healing properties, Effects on immune system,
Antioxidant properties, Cardiovascular effects,
Antineoplastic effects, Anti-inflammatory effects.

17. Effect of Karela on Diabetes:
Research shows that Karela is not like most
medicinal drugs, which are effective only in one
target organ or tissue; rather, it influences glucose
metabolism all over the body.
Karela reduces the amount of glucose that is released
into the blood.
Karela has been shown to be effective in treating
Type I diabetes by increasing pancreatic insulin
secretion.

18. Action of Amla:
i. Hypoglycemic,
ii. Antioxidant,
iii. Antihepatotoxic,
iv. Hypotensive, etc.
Action of Giloy:
i. Useful in Diabetes,
ii. Improves digestion power,
iii. Relieves excessive thirst,
iv. Improves strength, etc.
Action of Jamun:
Jamun contain a type of carbohydrate called
Jamboline, which lower the conversion of starch
into glucose in cases of increased production of
glucose.

19. Non-Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus
1. Healthy Diet
2. Regular Exercise
3. Avoidance of Tobacco

20. Diet
Total Calorie Distribution:
Carbohydrate: (55-60% of total calorie)
i. Avoid sugar, honey and sweets,
ii. Restrict Mayda based products,
iii. Main source should be Mixed coarse grains,
Pulses, Cereals, Salads, Soybean.
Protein: (10-15% of total calorie)
i. Protein from vegetable sources,
ii. Low fat milk,
iii. Fish and lean meat.

21. Fat: (20-25% of total calorie)
Unhealthy Fats:
Saturated Fats are found in animal products
such as- Red meat, Milk diary products and Eggs.
Trans fats are found in liquid vegetable oils
which get solid.
Healthy Fats:
Unsaturated fats which come from plant and
fish and which remain liquid at room temperature.
-- Use more than one edible oil, such as-
(Sunflower oil / Rice bran oil ) with (Soybean oil / Mustard oil )
-- Cholesterol should not exceed 300mg per day.
Fibers:
Whole grains (oats, barley, etc.), Whole pulse,
Soybean, Green leafy vegetables.

22. Common Salt:
i. Up to 6 g per day.
ii. Pickle, Papad, Chatni, should be restricted.
Fruits and Sweets:
i. Whole fruits are recommended, however, very sweet
fruits or fruit juices should be avoided.
ii. Soft drinks, soda and juice should be reduced.
iii. The amount of sugar in recipe should be reduced.
Alcohol:
Alcohol intake is best avoided. It causes obesity and
worsen the control of diabetes.
Tobacco:
Smoking and use of tobacco in any form should be
prohibited.

23. Check your Cholesterol
Several kinds of blood fats:
•LDL (bad) cholesterol
- can narrow or block blood vessels.
•HDL (good) cholesterol
- helps remove cholesterol deposits
•Triglycerides
- can raise your risk for heart attacks.

24. Exercise
Physical activity promotes weight reduction
and improves insulin sensitivity, thus lowering
blood glucose levels.
Together with dietary treatment, a programme of
regular physical activity and exercise should be
considered for each person.

25. मधुमेह मुक जीवन का राज