1. NEUROPSYCHIATRIC
MANIFESTATIONS OF
SYSTEMIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS

2.  Systemic Lupus is an autoimmune disorder
affecting multiple organs.
 Inflammation and tissue damage occurs due to
the body attacking its own cells and tissues.
 It is a type III reaction in which antibody-
immune complexes precipitate and cause a
further immune response.

3.  the production of unusual antibodies in the
blood.
 Eight times more common in women than men.
 About 10% of people with lupus isolated to the
skin will develop the systemic form of lupus
(SLE).

4.  Heart
 Joint
 Skin
 Lungs
 Blood vessels
 Liver
 Kidney
 CNS

5.  headache
 Seizure
 Transient ischemic attack, stroke, movement
disorders, cerebral venous thrombosis,
idiopathic intracranial hypertension, optic
neuritis, cranial nerve palsies, cerebellar
syndromes, transverse myelitis, and other rare
neurological symptoms.

6.  Amnesia,
 Acute confusional state
 Delirium, dementia
 Depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive
disorder,
 Hallucinosis, and schizophrenia-like psychosis.

7.  Mechanism is still unknown but some theories
are talked about are:
 The presence of a vasculopathic state
(abnormal vessel walls without inflammatory
cell infiltrates) of small vessels which alters
cerebral microcirculation.

8.  NSAIDS: Ibuprofen
 Corticosteroids cream for rash
 Antimalaria drugs
 Corticosteroids for immunosupression
 Antidepressant medication
 Antipsychotics

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in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurology.
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lupus erythematosus: Part 1: Clinical presentation and
pathogenesis. Med Klin (Munich) 2002;97:730–7.
 Hochberg MC, Petri M. Clinical features of systemic lupus
erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1993;5:575–86.
 Hay EM, Black D, Huddy A, Creed F, Tomenson B, Bernstein RM,
et al. Psychiatric disorder and cognitive impairment in systemic
lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35:411–6.
 Kasitanon N, Louthrenoo W, Piyasirisilp S, Sukitawut W,
Wichainun R. Neuropscyhiatric manifestations in Thai patients
with systemic lupus erythematosus: A 15 year experience. Ann
Rheum Dis. 2002;61:96.