the mechanism that help the needs for affection, personal security, personal meaning and defense against effects that may be distracting.

1. A STUDY OF EGO DEFENSE
MECHANISM FOUND IN THE KITE
RUNNER BY KHALLED HOSSEINI

2. 1.1 Background
2.2 Research Question
2.1.1 What kind of ego defense mechanism is
used by the characters of The Kite Runner?
2.1.2 How do the characters of The Kite Runner apply
the ego defense mechanism?
2.1.3 Why do the characters of The Kite Runner apply
the ego defense mechanism?
2.3 Objective of the Study
2.4 Significant of the Study
2.5 Scope and Limitation
2.6 Definition of Key Term - Id
- Ego
- Superego

3. CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE RELATRED
LITERATURE
2.1Review of the Related Theories
2.1.2 Psychology Literature
• “Psychology literature is psychology study of the writer, as type
as and an individual, or the study of the creative process, or the
study of the psychological type and laws present within works
of literature upon its readers (audience psychology).”

4. 2.1.2 Theory of Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud
• Id is the original system of personality that most basic system in which there is
innate instincts (Sigmund Freud, 1991 32)
• Ego is a personal system that acts as a referral of individuals to objects of
reality, and perform its function on the principle of reality (Sigmund Freud,
1991 :33-34)
• Superego is a personality system that contains the value and rules that are
evaluative (Sigmund Freud, 1991:34-35)
Id
Ego
Superego

5. 2.1.3 Ego Defense
Mechanisms
is as a strategy used by
individuals to prevent the
emergence of the open of id
impulses and to face the
pressure of the superego over
the ego, with the aim that
anxiety can be reduced or
mitigated.

6. Anxiety
is “Feeling of being threatened, in the event of conflict that
controls the ego.” (Boeree, 2005:42)
• Realistic Anxiety
• Moral Anxiety
• Neurotic Anxiety

7. Kinds of Ego Defense
Mechanism
1.Repression
- buried the thoughts
or desires that
cannot be accept

8. 2. Sublimation
Sublimation is an ego defense mechanism that uses a
higher way out that socially more acceptable.”

9. 3. Projection
The projection is an
ego defense
mechanism that
transfers the drive,
attitude, or behavior
that cause an anxiety
to others

10. 4. Displacement
Displacement is an ego defense mechanism that takes its
energy to the object or another person if original object could
not be reached

11. 5. Rationalization
Rationalization is to find
a justification or excuse
for his attitude, so even
become more
acceptable to the ego
than the actual reason

12. 6. Formation Reaction
Reaction is the formation of ego defense mechanisms that act
contrary to the unconscious desires

13. 7. Regression
Regression is a
setback due to stress
on behavior and the
typical of an early
developmental stage

14. Review of Previews Study
Agus Santoso, the student of Petra Christian University, 2006.
A Study of Heathcliff’s anxiety as Seen in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering
Height. He formulates some problems, they are: (1) How does the
anxiety reflected in Heatchilif’s life? (2) What are the effects of
Heathchilif’s anxiety as seen in this novel?

15. CHAPTER III
METHOD AND PROCEDURES OF RESEARCH
3.1 Approach
3.2 Method
3.3 Source of Data
3.4 Procedures of data Collection
3.5 Procedures of data Analysis

16. CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS
1.1 Data analysis
“When it became abundantly clear that I hadn’t inherited a
shred of his athletic talents, he settled for trying to turn me
into a passionate spectator. Certainly I could manage that,
couldn’t I? I faked interest for as long as possible. I cheered
with him when Kabul’s team scored against Kandahar and
yelped insults at the referee when he called a penalty against
our team. But Baba sensed my lack of genuine interest and
resigned himself to the bleak fact that his son was never going
to either play or watch soccer. “

17. A moral anxiety happens when someone faces an
emotional conflict.
To reduce the anxiety, Amir did a formation reaction by
doing the opposite of true desire.
Reaction formation involves adopting opposite feelings,
impulses or behavior. Someone adopting a reaction
formation defense strategy would treat a spouse or
loved one in the same manner in which they’d treat a
hated enemy.

18. Research findings
Ego Defense Mechanism
Formation Reaction : 5times
repression : 4 times
Rationalization : 3times
Displacement : 2 times
Sublimation : 1 time
Characteers
Amir : 9 times
Baba : 2 times
assef : 2 times
Sohrab : 1 time
Soraya : 1 time
Causes
Moral Anxiety : 14 times
Realistic Anxiety : 2 times

19. Chapter V
Conclusion
Formation reaction is mostly used by the
characters
Amir is the most Characters use the defense
mechanism