A presentation on the first two chapters ofthe "saraswati foundation of information technology, class IX". Writers of this book are- reeta sahoo and

2. Topic: Make a PowerPoint
Presentation on Chapter 1 &
Chapter 2

3. Contents:
•Introduction
•What is a Computer? Characteristics of Computer
•Applications and Components of computer
•Data and Information
•What is Memory? Characteristics of Memory
•Primary vs. Secondary Memory
•Data Representation in Memory
Chapter:1 Computing Technology

4. INTRODUCTION
The word “computer” may be used for any device
that is employed to compute or calculate. Such a
device operates on data to transform them into a
useful form. The electronic computer which is
composed of switches, wires and circuits for the flow
of electricity, has thoroughly established itself in
business, science and technology and public
administration within a period of 40-50 years of its
invention. As the electronic computer has increased
the calculating power of human brain billion times, it
may be said that the invention of computer is the most
important event of the modern age.

5. What is a Computer?
Computer is an electronic machine that helps us
to store and process our data and/or instruction
at a high speed with accuracy. It can receive
information, perform basic operations like
calculations and comparisons and produce results
according to the given instructions in a desirable
form.A computer mainly works on the principle
of input, process and output.

6. Characteristics of Computer

10. Data & Information
The word ‘data’ is the plural of datum which means fast.
Data are facts or the raw material of information. Data
are represented by symbols. After processing the data,
information is produced. Thus information is data
arranged in an order that would be useful to the user.
Information is produced due to the output of data
processing operations that is acquired by people to
achieve specific purposes.

11. WHAT IS MEMORY?
The memory or storage section of the
computer consists of the devices used
to store the information that will be
used during the computations. The
memory unit is an essential
component in any digital computer
since it is needed for storing the
programs that are executed by the
CPU. Memory can be divided into two
categories:
 Primary Memory
Secondary Memory

12. Characteristics of Memory
Storage Capacity
Access Modes
Access Time
Permanence of Storage
Physical Characteristics

13. Primary vs. secondary memory

16. Chapter: 2 Input & Output Devices
Contents
•Introduction
•What are Input Devices?
•What are Output Devices?
•Secondary Storage

17. INTRODUCTION
The word computer may be used for any device
that is employed to compute or to calculate. Such
peripherals are those devices, which help us to
input data inside the computer or the CPU and
take the output/results from the CPU.
Before a computer can process your data, you
need some method to input the data into the
machine. The device you use will depend on what
form this data takes ( text, sound, artwork, etc.)
The term ‘input’ and ‘output’ are both used as
verbs to describe the process of entering or
displaying the data, and as nouns referring to the
data itself entered into or displayed by the
computer.

18. What are Input Devices?
All instruction are accepted by the CPU
through electrical pulses from various kinds
of input devices.These input devices are as
old as the computers although till date they
have undergone a lot of changes.

19. KEYBOARD
Keyboard is the most common
and simplest input device. It
allows you to communicate
with the computer. The
computer keyboard is used to
enter text information into the
computer, as when you type
the contents of a report. The
keyboard can also be used to
type commands directing the
computer to perform certain
actions.

20. The mouse is a hand-held device that
controls a pointer on the screen. The mouse
pointing device sits on your work surface
and is moved with your hand. In older
mouse, a ball in the bottom of the mouse
rolls on the surface as you move the
mouse and internal rollers sense the ball’s
movement and transmit the information to
the computer via the cord of the mouse.
The newer optical mouse doesn’t use a
rolling ball, but instead uses a light and a
small optical sensor to detect the motion of
the mouse by tracking a tiny image of the
desk surface.

22. Output Devices
Output devices carry the results of
various operations performed by the
user, but before disclosing them to the
operator, they interpret them into
communicative language of man to
machine i.e., the High Level Language.

23. PRINTERS
Printers are the
primary output
devices used to
prepare permanent
documents. He printer
generates a
permanent hard copy
of our work on paper.
A basic classification
of printers is
Character Printers
Line Printers
Page Printers

24. SPEAKERS
Computers also produce sound
output, ranging from simple
beeps altering the user
impressive game sound effects,
to concert quality music. The
circuitry to produce sound may
be included on the motherboard,
but high quality audio output
from a PC usually requires a
sound card in one of the
expansions slots, connected to a
set of good quality external
speakers or headphones.

25. Secondary Storage

26. A memory card or flash memory card is
a solid state electronic flash memory
data storage device used with digital
cameras, hand- held and mobile
computers, telephone, music player,
video game consoles, and other
electronics. They offer high re-recorded-
ability, power-free storages, small form
factor and rugged environmental
specifications. There are also non-solid-
state memory cards that do not use
flash memory and there are different
types of flash memory and there are
different types of flash memory.

27. USB(Universal Serial Bus), is a
‘standard’ developed by the computer
industry to allow a vast number of
different devices to be easily attached
to one machine with the minimum
requirement for extra drivers and
software and still operate at an
efficient speed.

28. Made By:-
Divyanshi Singh
9th A
End Of Presentation