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Mobile and Fixed Wireless ICT:
      Mobile Technology (Cellular
 Platform, Mobile Application, Mobile
 Device & Mobile Operation Systems)




                     Lecture by:
                             by:
             Djadja.Sardjana@gmail.com
10/25/2009            IMT MM-Biztel
                          MM-            1
Mobile and Fixed Wireless ICT:
     Mobile Technology (Cellular Platform,
     Mobile Application, Mobile Device &
         Mobile Operation Systems)




              Mobile Device
10/25/2009          IMT MM-Biztel
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Mobile devices
           Pager                    PDA                             Laptop/Notebook
           • receive only           • graphical displays            • fully functional
           • tiny displays          • character recognition         • standard applications
           • simple text            • simplified WWW
             messages

Sensors,
embedded
controllers


                     Mobile phones                  Palmtop
                     • voice, data                  • tiny keyboard
                     • simple graphical displays    • simple versions
                                                      of standard applications
www.scatterweb.net


                                performance


   IMT MM-Biztel
       MM-                         10/25/2009                                     3
Mobile Device Environment




10/25/2009             IMT MM-Biztel
                           MM-           4
Mobile Ecosystem
                    Network
                  Mobile Operator
                   /PAN/WAN



Platform                            Channels
OS, Silicon                         Distributors




                                    Integration
  Devices                            Services
 OEM/ODM
                                        SI, SP

                    Solutions
                     ISV / IHV
Mobile Device Ecosystem

                          Smart
                     Devices with an Open
                           Platform


                           Mobile
                          Operator
             Increased                      Access to New
     Profitability                         Business Partners
                                            Ecosystem
10/25/2009                 IMT MM-Biztel
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Mobile Computing Devices

        personal digital assistant (PDA)
        A handheld computer principally used for
        personal information management
        smartphone
        Internet-
        Internet-enabled cell phone that can support
        mobile applications
        Blackberry
        A handheld device principally used for e-mail
                                               e-


10/25/2009               IMT MM-Biztel
                             MM-                    9 -7
Effects of device portability
      Power consumption
          limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to
          limited battery capacity
          CPU: power consumption ~ CV2f
            • C: internal capacity, reduced by integration
            • V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit
            • f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally
      Loss of data
          higher probability, has to be included in advance into the design
          (e.g., defects, theft)
      Limited user interfaces
          compromise between size of fingers and portability
          integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols
      Limited memory
          limited value of mass memories with moving parts
          flash-
          flash-memory or ? as alternative

10/25/2009                        IMT MM-Biztel
                                      MM-                                     8
Mobile Device Growth




10/25/2009
10/25/               IMT MM-Biztel
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Mobile Device Strategy

         Smart Device Focus
         Familiar Applicationx
         Standards Based, Rich APIs            Pocket PC

         Best Wireless Platform
         Extensible & Flexible



                                                 Smartphone
                                         PDA
10/25/2009               IMT MM-Biztel
                             MM-                       10
Mobile Data Opportunity




                Redefines the PC and mobile experiences


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                                   MM-                    11
Mobile Device Subscribers




10/25/2009
10/25/           IMT MM-Biztel
                     MM-           12
Handset for Mobile Video




10/25/2009        IMT MM-Biztel
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Handset with Wi-Fi
                          Wi-




10/25/2009         IMT MM-Biztel
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Mobile Device
    Evolution
     Moore’s Law is in effect

     Consumer demand is driving
     innovation

     Current mobile device
     ecosystem is generating
     more opportunities –
     enhancing value and
     productivity

10/25/2009                 IMT MM-Biztel
                               MM-         15
Maturity of Mobile Apps/Services
 Mobile Data: From gimmick to lifestyle changing…
 3rd Party Innovation requires an “Open” mentality
 Operator must be positioned to meet customer needs




10/25/2009             IMT MM-Biztel
                           MM-                        16
Trends: devices
  • End user wants the my-service-anywhere experience
  • New intelligent & powerful device classes already start to support this goal
DATA CENTRIC




                                             Fixed Mobile Convergence
                                            driven by disruptive wireless
                                                access technologies



                       Voice/Data                                                  Voice/Data
                 Convergence and CTI
                by leveraging Internet as
                                                  Upcoming                  Convergence with multimode
                        Platform                Device Classes               broadband mobile access
VOICE CENTRIC




                                              Fixed Mobile Convergence
                                              driven by operators service
                                                  offering innovations


                       low                  mobility requirements                  high
10/25/2009
10/25/                                            IMT MM-Biztel
                                                      MM-                                          17
Converged Devices

    PCs        DATA                      Mobile
    TVs                                  PDAs




              Upcoming
FIXED         Device                       MOBILE   • End user wants
              Classes                                 the my-service-
                                                      anywhere
                                                      experience
                                                    • New intelligent &
                                                      powerful device
  Fixed                              Mobile
  Phones                             Phones           classes already
                                                      start to support
               VOICE
                                                      this goal


10/25/2009               IMT MM-Biztel
                             MM-                                  18
Mobile and Fixed Wireless ICT:
     Mobile Technology (Cellular Platform,
     Mobile Application, Mobile Device &
         Mobile Operation Systems)




        Mobile Operation Systems
10/25/2009          IMT MM-Biztel
                        MM-                  19
Operating Systems Background
    Operating System (OS)
        Process Management
        Memory Management
        File Management
        I/O Management
        Networking
        Protection System
        User Interface

    Real Time Operating System (RTOS)
        Characterized by timing constraints

    Mobile Operating System (Mobile OS)
        RTOS running on a mobile device


10/25/2009                        IMT MM-Biztel
                                      MM-         20
Mobile operating system
    The main software to manage and control
    hardware and software directly.
                              directly.
    Responsible for operating the various functions
    and features available in mobile devices.
    Besides functioning to control the hardware
    resources and software, operating system also
    controls so all applications can run stable and
    consistent.
    consistent.
    Another advantage of the mobile phone OS is to
    have more freedom to download additional
    applications that are not provided by the phone
    vendors.
10/25/2009            IMT MM-Biztel
                          MM-                     21
Mobile operating system type
             Symbian operating system
             Windows Mobile
             Palm operating system
             Mobile Linux
             Blackberry operating system




10/25/2009               IMT MM-Biztel
                             MM-           22
Introduction to Symbian OS
   Evolution of Symbian OS
        1997 - 32 bit EPOC Platform (Psion Software Inc) – Psion Series 5 PDA
        1998 – Symbian – A spin-off from Psion Software Inc.
                             spin-
        Co-owned by Psion, Nokia, Eriksson, Motorola
        Co-
        The motive behind this spin-off was to develop an advanced software
                               spin-
        platform for a new combination of consumer products called
        Smartphone which would combine telephony and computing capability
        1999 – EPOC named as Symbian OS
        Co-owned by Psion, Nokia, Sony-Eriksson, Motorola, Matsushita
        Co-                        Sony-
        (Panasonic), Samsung and Siemens.

   Symbian OS
        Hard RTOS based on layered/micro-kernel architecture
                             layered/micro-
        StrongARM architecture (ARM9 running over 100 MHZ)
        Program storage (flash memory) ; OS storage flash ROM

10/25/2009                       IMT MM-Biztel
                                     MM-                                   23
Symbian OS
   Micro-
   Micro-kernel uses client/server session based
   IPC
   Servers mediate access to shared resources
   and services
   Kernel deals with memory allocation and IPCs
   Proactive defense mechanism
     Platform Security Architecture
     OS Services
     Data Caging

10/25/2009            IMT MM-Biztel
                          MM-                      24
Symbian OS Architecture




10/25/2009
10/25/                IMT MM-Biztel
                          MM-          25
Architectural Overview
    Core
        Kernel, file server, memory management and device
        drivers
    System Layer
        Communication and computing services e.g. TCP/IP,
        IMAP4
        IMAP4, SMS and database management
    Application Engines
    User Interface Software
    Applications
    All layers communicate with each other using
    Client/Server Mechanism

10/25/2009               IMT MM-Biztel
                             MM-                        26
J2ME on Symbian
   Symbian – A mobile operating system
   J2ME – A non-native programming language
            non-




                       Symbian OS

                        Hardware


10/25/2009             IMT MM-Biztel
                           MM-                27
Win Mobile OS
Win Mobile 5.0 is a hard
RTOS
Base OS functionality is
provided by kernel which
includes process, thread,
memory and file
management
Kernel acts as a conduit for
the rest of the core OS
Win Mobile kernel uses a
paged virtual-memory system
       virtual-
to manage and allocate
program memory.
The kernel also allocates
memory to the stack for each
new process or thread.

  10/25/2009
  10/25/                       IMT MM-Biztel
                                   MM-         28
Memory Architecture
      Windows Mobile 5.0 :
       RAM is used exclusively for running
       programs.
       Flash memory is used for storage of
       programs and data.
       Result: extended battery life but slower
       performance




10/25/2009             IMT MM-Biztel
                           MM-                    29
Mobile Linux
    The first Linux mobile phone launched by
    Motorola in February 2003.
    Motorola A760 series are using OS combination
    of the Linux kernel software that is distributed
    by Silicon Valley-based Monta Vista and other
                Valley-
    software from the Java programming language,
    Sun Microsystems.
    Linux-
    Linux-based operating system developed by
    Google is Android.


10/25/2009             IMT MM-Biztel
                           MM-                     30
Mobile Linux
      Advantage & Dis-advantage
                  Dis-
    The advantages is that Linux as an ideal OS for
    mobile phones because of support by large
    companies such as IBM, Oracle, and Intel. In
    addition, this system value is more flexible and
    offers a smaller memory and can be more
    conserved.
    conserved.
    The disadvantage is the additional application
    has not been avalaible and Linux systems built
    to operate with great power, so battery resource
    management is still less effective than other
    OSes.
    OSes.
10/25/2009
10/25/                 IMT MM-Biztel
                           MM-                     31
BlackBerry operating system
    Telecommunications companies from Canada,
    Reserch in Motion (RIM), to develop mobile
    communications devices. Initially they are
    producing products and services pager for both
    directions.
    This company developed a new breakthrough
    by creating the famous Blackberry push-email
                                        push-
    service, and now turned into a Smartphone
    which has various functions such as, GPS,
    mobile internet, and can access Wi-FI.
                                     Wi-

10/25/2009            IMT MM-Biztel
                          MM-                        32
Palm operating system
    Example is Palm Treo 680 Smartphone uses
    the Palm operating system, which is Palm OS
    5.4.9 with the Intel PXA270 processor, 312MHz.
    Some of the features offered is Pocket Express,
    Microsoft Media Player, Palm files, PDF viewer,
    Adobe Acrobat reader, eReader, Pocket Tunes,
                            eReader,
    and Document To Go.




10/25/2009             IMT MM-Biztel
                           MM-                    33
Comparative Review on
             Symbian & Win Mobile
   OS Design and Architecture
        Symbian:
        Symbian: ARM processors running 100-200 MHz
                                            100-
        Win Mobile: ARM and Intel processors running 200-400 MHz
                                                        200-
   Memory Management
        Symbian:
        Symbian: OS kernel runs in privileged mode, with each app has its own
        address space
        Win Mobile: Shared RAM and flash ROM, use eXecute In Place (XIP)
        scheme
   File System
        Symbian:
        Symbian: TCB contains file system
        Win Mobile: Hierarchical file system accessible through kernel functions
   Development
        Symbian:
        Symbian: Symbian specific frameworks/libraries
        Win Mobile: Windows API
   Security
        Symbian:
        Symbian: Fairly well designed
        Win Mobile: Lack of process’s address space protection
10/25/2009
10/25/                            IMT MM-Biztel
                                      MM-                                     34
Mobile and Fixed Wireless ICT:
      Mobile Technology (Cellular Platform,
      Mobile Application, Mobile Device &
          Mobile Operation Systems)


         Listen to
         Customer
          2m11




             Conclusion & Final Words

10/25/2009            IMT MM-Biztel
                          MM-                 35
How should technology                                    Which distinctive
                            and innovation be                                        technological
                              organized and                                        competences and
                                managed?                                            capabilities are
                                                                           1          necessary?

                      6
                                                                                            Which

   When, how and
                                        Questions                                      technologies
                                                                                          should be
  where should new
    technology be                      Technology                              2           used to
                                                                                         implement
  introduced to the                                                                     product and
       market?
                                     Strategy Should                                       service?


                          5              Answer                                3

     Should technologies
     be sourced internally                  4                          What should be the
         or externally?
                                                                       level and timing of
                                                                          investment in
Source: Burgelman, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation       technology
      10/25/2009                                     IMT MM-Biztel
                                                         MM-             development?          36
End – End Experience is Critical
  Improving customer experience – ensuring choice and
  innovation at affordable price points

  A fair playing field will focus service providers on meeting
  consumers’ growing needs




10/25/2009                   IMT MM-Biztel
                                 MM-                             37

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IMT Lecture: Mobile Device & Mobile Operation Systems

  • 1. Mobile and Fixed Wireless ICT: Mobile Technology (Cellular Platform, Mobile Application, Mobile Device & Mobile Operation Systems) Lecture by: by: Djadja.Sardjana@gmail.com 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 1
  • 2. Mobile and Fixed Wireless ICT: Mobile Technology (Cellular Platform, Mobile Application, Mobile Device & Mobile Operation Systems) Mobile Device 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 2
  • 3. Mobile devices Pager PDA Laptop/Notebook • receive only • graphical displays • fully functional • tiny displays • character recognition • standard applications • simple text • simplified WWW messages Sensors, embedded controllers Mobile phones Palmtop • voice, data • tiny keyboard • simple graphical displays • simple versions of standard applications www.scatterweb.net performance IMT MM-Biztel MM- 10/25/2009 3
  • 5. Mobile Ecosystem Network Mobile Operator /PAN/WAN Platform Channels OS, Silicon Distributors Integration Devices Services OEM/ODM SI, SP Solutions ISV / IHV
  • 6. Mobile Device Ecosystem Smart Devices with an Open Platform Mobile Operator Increased Access to New Profitability Business Partners Ecosystem 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 6
  • 7. Mobile Computing Devices personal digital assistant (PDA) A handheld computer principally used for personal information management smartphone Internet- Internet-enabled cell phone that can support mobile applications Blackberry A handheld device principally used for e-mail e- 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 9 -7
  • 8. Effects of device portability Power consumption limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to limited battery capacity CPU: power consumption ~ CV2f • C: internal capacity, reduced by integration • V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit • f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally Loss of data higher probability, has to be included in advance into the design (e.g., defects, theft) Limited user interfaces compromise between size of fingers and portability integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols Limited memory limited value of mass memories with moving parts flash- flash-memory or ? as alternative 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 8
  • 10. Mobile Device Strategy Smart Device Focus Familiar Applicationx Standards Based, Rich APIs Pocket PC Best Wireless Platform Extensible & Flexible Smartphone PDA 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 10
  • 11. Mobile Data Opportunity Redefines the PC and mobile experiences 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 11
  • 13. Handset for Mobile Video 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 13
  • 14. Handset with Wi-Fi Wi- 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 14
  • 15. Mobile Device Evolution Moore’s Law is in effect Consumer demand is driving innovation Current mobile device ecosystem is generating more opportunities – enhancing value and productivity 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 15
  • 16. Maturity of Mobile Apps/Services Mobile Data: From gimmick to lifestyle changing… 3rd Party Innovation requires an “Open” mentality Operator must be positioned to meet customer needs 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 16
  • 17. Trends: devices • End user wants the my-service-anywhere experience • New intelligent & powerful device classes already start to support this goal DATA CENTRIC Fixed Mobile Convergence driven by disruptive wireless access technologies Voice/Data Voice/Data Convergence and CTI by leveraging Internet as Upcoming Convergence with multimode Platform Device Classes broadband mobile access VOICE CENTRIC Fixed Mobile Convergence driven by operators service offering innovations low mobility requirements high 10/25/2009 10/25/ IMT MM-Biztel MM- 17
  • 18. Converged Devices PCs DATA Mobile TVs PDAs Upcoming FIXED Device MOBILE • End user wants Classes the my-service- anywhere experience • New intelligent & powerful device Fixed Mobile Phones Phones classes already start to support VOICE this goal 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 18
  • 19. Mobile and Fixed Wireless ICT: Mobile Technology (Cellular Platform, Mobile Application, Mobile Device & Mobile Operation Systems) Mobile Operation Systems 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 19
  • 20. Operating Systems Background Operating System (OS) Process Management Memory Management File Management I/O Management Networking Protection System User Interface Real Time Operating System (RTOS) Characterized by timing constraints Mobile Operating System (Mobile OS) RTOS running on a mobile device 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 20
  • 21. Mobile operating system The main software to manage and control hardware and software directly. directly. Responsible for operating the various functions and features available in mobile devices. Besides functioning to control the hardware resources and software, operating system also controls so all applications can run stable and consistent. consistent. Another advantage of the mobile phone OS is to have more freedom to download additional applications that are not provided by the phone vendors. 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 21
  • 22. Mobile operating system type Symbian operating system Windows Mobile Palm operating system Mobile Linux Blackberry operating system 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 22
  • 23. Introduction to Symbian OS Evolution of Symbian OS 1997 - 32 bit EPOC Platform (Psion Software Inc) – Psion Series 5 PDA 1998 – Symbian – A spin-off from Psion Software Inc. spin- Co-owned by Psion, Nokia, Eriksson, Motorola Co- The motive behind this spin-off was to develop an advanced software spin- platform for a new combination of consumer products called Smartphone which would combine telephony and computing capability 1999 – EPOC named as Symbian OS Co-owned by Psion, Nokia, Sony-Eriksson, Motorola, Matsushita Co- Sony- (Panasonic), Samsung and Siemens. Symbian OS Hard RTOS based on layered/micro-kernel architecture layered/micro- StrongARM architecture (ARM9 running over 100 MHZ) Program storage (flash memory) ; OS storage flash ROM 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 23
  • 24. Symbian OS Micro- Micro-kernel uses client/server session based IPC Servers mediate access to shared resources and services Kernel deals with memory allocation and IPCs Proactive defense mechanism Platform Security Architecture OS Services Data Caging 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 24
  • 26. Architectural Overview Core Kernel, file server, memory management and device drivers System Layer Communication and computing services e.g. TCP/IP, IMAP4 IMAP4, SMS and database management Application Engines User Interface Software Applications All layers communicate with each other using Client/Server Mechanism 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 26
  • 27. J2ME on Symbian Symbian – A mobile operating system J2ME – A non-native programming language non- Symbian OS Hardware 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 27
  • 28. Win Mobile OS Win Mobile 5.0 is a hard RTOS Base OS functionality is provided by kernel which includes process, thread, memory and file management Kernel acts as a conduit for the rest of the core OS Win Mobile kernel uses a paged virtual-memory system virtual- to manage and allocate program memory. The kernel also allocates memory to the stack for each new process or thread. 10/25/2009 10/25/ IMT MM-Biztel MM- 28
  • 29. Memory Architecture Windows Mobile 5.0 : RAM is used exclusively for running programs. Flash memory is used for storage of programs and data. Result: extended battery life but slower performance 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 29
  • 30. Mobile Linux The first Linux mobile phone launched by Motorola in February 2003. Motorola A760 series are using OS combination of the Linux kernel software that is distributed by Silicon Valley-based Monta Vista and other Valley- software from the Java programming language, Sun Microsystems. Linux- Linux-based operating system developed by Google is Android. 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 30
  • 31. Mobile Linux Advantage & Dis-advantage Dis- The advantages is that Linux as an ideal OS for mobile phones because of support by large companies such as IBM, Oracle, and Intel. In addition, this system value is more flexible and offers a smaller memory and can be more conserved. conserved. The disadvantage is the additional application has not been avalaible and Linux systems built to operate with great power, so battery resource management is still less effective than other OSes. OSes. 10/25/2009 10/25/ IMT MM-Biztel MM- 31
  • 32. BlackBerry operating system Telecommunications companies from Canada, Reserch in Motion (RIM), to develop mobile communications devices. Initially they are producing products and services pager for both directions. This company developed a new breakthrough by creating the famous Blackberry push-email push- service, and now turned into a Smartphone which has various functions such as, GPS, mobile internet, and can access Wi-FI. Wi- 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 32
  • 33. Palm operating system Example is Palm Treo 680 Smartphone uses the Palm operating system, which is Palm OS 5.4.9 with the Intel PXA270 processor, 312MHz. Some of the features offered is Pocket Express, Microsoft Media Player, Palm files, PDF viewer, Adobe Acrobat reader, eReader, Pocket Tunes, eReader, and Document To Go. 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 33
  • 34. Comparative Review on Symbian & Win Mobile OS Design and Architecture Symbian: Symbian: ARM processors running 100-200 MHz 100- Win Mobile: ARM and Intel processors running 200-400 MHz 200- Memory Management Symbian: Symbian: OS kernel runs in privileged mode, with each app has its own address space Win Mobile: Shared RAM and flash ROM, use eXecute In Place (XIP) scheme File System Symbian: Symbian: TCB contains file system Win Mobile: Hierarchical file system accessible through kernel functions Development Symbian: Symbian: Symbian specific frameworks/libraries Win Mobile: Windows API Security Symbian: Symbian: Fairly well designed Win Mobile: Lack of process’s address space protection 10/25/2009 10/25/ IMT MM-Biztel MM- 34
  • 35. Mobile and Fixed Wireless ICT: Mobile Technology (Cellular Platform, Mobile Application, Mobile Device & Mobile Operation Systems) Listen to Customer 2m11 Conclusion & Final Words 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 35
  • 36. How should technology Which distinctive and innovation be technological organized and competences and managed? capabilities are 1 necessary? 6 Which When, how and Questions technologies should be where should new technology be Technology 2 used to implement introduced to the product and market? Strategy Should service? 5 Answer 3 Should technologies be sourced internally 4 What should be the or externally? level and timing of investment in Source: Burgelman, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation technology 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- development? 36
  • 37. End – End Experience is Critical Improving customer experience – ensuring choice and innovation at affordable price points A fair playing field will focus service providers on meeting consumers’ growing needs 10/25/2009 IMT MM-Biztel MM- 37