The document discusses principles of how we learn and memory. It explains that there are three phases to working memory: getting information into short term memory, nurturing the information as it's processed, and moving information to long term memory. The most crucial phase is the first, so information should be presented in small, bite-sized chunks over short periods of time. Breaking lessons into segments allows information to be easily understood and remembered.

1. Understanding How we Learn

9. Psychological Reasons for the Pretraining Principle Pretraining can prevent future cognitive learning overload Pretraining helps learner to manage cognitive processing Pretraining allows the learner to redistribute information

10. Cognitive Learning Theory Concept Map

12. The learner needs to attend to new relevant material for a successful e-learning experience

13. New Relevant Material The learner needs to make sense of new relevant material

14. The learner must connect new material to prior knowledge STM LTM

15. Pretraining principles need to be implemented for a successful cognitive processing experience, in the present and in the future when additional material is introduced

16. Introductory Lesson Implement cognitive load reduction by introducing new material in an introductory lesson

17. Pretraining allows for: Cognitive load reduction Stored knowledge to be retrieved from LTM when needed STM LTM

21. Break up your story into digestible bites in the Slide Sorter view

22. Break a Continuous Lesson into Bite-Sized Segments

23. Lesson Overload Categorize the information of the topic. Is the information able to be presented clearly to someone who knows nothing about the topic? It’s a step-by-step process like writing a recipe with a tasty, satisfying and digestible outcome.  Segmenting Principle – break complex lesson into smaller parts  Don’t leave out any steps.  Break the lesson up into manageable segments

24. Lesson Example: How to Log In This is a three step lesson presentation for logging in to a computer. 1 topic = 3 steps Last, you have the option to tell your computer whether you want it to remember your password by clicking the Remember my password box or not. Then click the OK box to continue the log in process to your computer or Cancel to abort log in process. Then type in your password in the Password box. You will not see your text password, but dots indicating the number of symbols used. A good password will have nothing to do with your username and mix numerals with letters. When your log in screen box is visible, type in your User Name in the box with the person icon in it. karin.king karin.king ********

27. Evidence for Providing Pretraining in Key Concepts Based on data from Mayer, Mathias, and Wetzell, 2002.