1. VSEPR Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsions

13. Determine # Valence e- from column #

18. Electron Clouds repel each other, thus structure around an atom is determined principally by minimizing repulsions

24. Overlap of two s-orbitals NOT A GOOD LOCATION- far from one nucleus Note: shared in this overlap the e- pair would spend most of the time in an unfavorable location GOOD SPOT between both nuclei

25. Overlap of two p-orbitals One atom & its p-orbital The other atom & its p-orbital represents the nucleus BAD location far from other nucleus GOOD SPOT between both nuclei

31. Carbonate Ion (CO 3 2- )

32. Nitrate Ion (NO 3 - )

33. Nitrite Ion (NO 2 - )

35. 4 BP + 0 NBP = 4 EP TETRAHEDRAL Cl Cl Cl Cl S

36. 3 BP + 1 NBP = 4 EP TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL N H H H ●● lone pair of e- NBP H H H N 107

37. 2 BP + 2 NBP = 4 EP BENT O H H ●● lone pair of e- NBP H H O ●● lone pair of e- NBP 104.5 H

38. Hydronium Ion (H 3 O + )

39. Ammonia Molecule (NH 3 )

41. Summary of 4 EP

43. Lewis Structures in Which the Central Atom Exceeds an Octet

45. Trigonal planar shape

49. 6 EP = octahedral 6 BP +0 NBP 6 EP

50. 6 EP = octahedral 5 BP +1 NBP 6 EP

51. 6 EP = octahedral 4 BP +2 NBP 6 EP

54. Summary: Molecular Geometry of Expanded Octets

56. Summary of EP Geometry

57. Predict the geometry, angles and orbital hybridization Predict the geometry, angles and orbital hybridization

64. Bond Energy and Enthalpy