The Essentials of Digital Experience Monitoring_ A Comprehensive Guide.pdf
MCS Final Project Student Management System
1. MCS Final Project
Web Based
Student Management System
Presented by:
Mohammad Nasir Qureshi MCS-346 (MS-III) Morning
Department of Computer Sciences
Government College of Education (for Men)
Lower Mall Lahore
4. Dedication
Dedicated to my parents who
sacrificed more than they could to help
me to be a good and useful human being
not for my own self but for the whole
mankind
5. A word by the Author
From the name of Allah Almighty and the Lord of Lords
Hazarat Mohammad (Salallah-hoo-wallahi-wasalam) the Cause of
Creation of the Universe with the help of which I am submitting
my final project today. It was an odd thing that I choose a topic
that was quite new and unfamiliar to me but I accepted the
challenge because I knew the help of Allah Almighty was present
with me. The tools I selected for the completion of the project were
not even in the curriculum of Master in Computer Sciences. I have
proved that on master’s level you can do and complete any type of
project in any kind of tool if you have a vast and brilliant mind. I
want to reply all the remarks I received during the course of
completion of my final project I will just repeat the quotation of
Abraham Lincon
“If I started to reply the criticism imposed on me and my
work then I will never be able to complete my task correctly. And
at the end if I am successful all this criticism will lose its meaning
but if not then over hundred angels pros will not prove me
successful”
_____________________
Programmer
Mohammad Nasir Qureshi
April 13, 2003
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
By the grace of God, I feel proud on the submission of my Project. He has
given me the courage and response to get knowledge and do the research work. I
present my special acknowledgement and show my sincerest gratitude to
Administrator Mr. Omer Ghauri. For his guidance, inspiration, encouragement,
value able Instruction, sympathetic attitude, personal involvement, accurate
suggestion, supportive consultation and cooperation that remained throughout the
study.
I also thanks to my parents for their kind help. It was hard for me to dream
about the fulfillment of the study without their sympathetic consideration regarding
financial assistance and their belief in God when praying.
Mohammad Nasir Qureshi
MCS-346 (MS-III) Morning
Master In Computer Sciences
7. 7
WEB BASED
STUDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
by
Mohammad Nasir Qureshi
A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Masters in Computer Sciences and Information
Technology
Department of Computer Sciences
Government College of Education (for Men) Lower
Mall Lahore.
23 April 2003
Approved by:-
____________________ _________________ __________________
(Muhammad Omer Ghauri) (Zubair Ibrahim) (Salman Akhter)
Administrator Director Project Director
Program Authorized
to Offer Degree _________________________________________________
Date _________________________________________________________
10. 10
Abstract
A project built to fulfill the needs and requirements of Department of Computer
Sciences to manage all the records and entries made manually. This project is not only for
this Department but also any other institution can use it with some changes made on the
behalf of the programmer.
Mohammad Nasir Qureshi
12. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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C h a p t e r 1
ANALYSIS
As it is always recommended to use systematic approach that
usually a system analyst try to implement to analyze and design of
database information system. i.e., I followed the approach that is used in
the system development life cycle (SDLC).
1.1 Introduction of The College
The Government College of Education, Lower Mall Lahore
Established in 1880, this college was known as Central Training College.
At the time of establishment this was the lone institute of Teacher
training from the Khyber Pass to Calcutta for the students of the
subcontinent. It has played a significant role in educational development
of the region. The historically and culturally important main building of
the college was erected in 1887-88. The building was designed to reflect
the multi-dimensional cultural life of the continent of Indo-Pakistan. The
college started Degree in Education Program in 1904-5 and later on in
1989 M.Ed. program was introduced. During the last five years the
magnificent achievements of the college are worth considering and
valuable cultural change can be seen at the horizon of the college, 2 years
M.A.(Education) Program was Started in 1998, Co-Education was
introduced. This also brought a great academic and social change and
now cultural activities are a common phenomenon of the College. The
college staff with all its mental faculties is competent enough in various
areas of Education, to deliver goods to the generation of the new
millennium. The execution of a good number of training programs in
13. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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collaboration of various National and International Agencies seem to be
remarkable activity of the college in which a large number of
teacher/managers are benefited. The historical 120 years old Building is
standing to this day as a national heritage and now the establishment of
the computer department in the college has added a new step to the
development of the college where master to elementary courses in the
computer sciences are going on. Today the Education College is not only
an institution but it is a history of 118 years of teacher training. Anyone
coming to the historical city of Lahore visits the historical building of the
college as it is now as essential part of the history of Lahore.
During the last decade the Government Started to establish
Departments of Computer Sciences in it’s different Colleges. In 1999
(the month is not sure) the Department of Computer Sciences in
Government College of Education was established. At first the
Department conducted the short courses and the diplomas up to six
months. But as the time passed the department started Postgraduate
Diploma in Computer Sciences (One Year Duration) and then further
more the Program of MCS-IT was started. This is the lone college in the
Government Sector in which the Department of Computer Sciences is
offering the MCS-IT Degree.
1.2 The Manual System
The Department of Computer Sciences have been rather more than a
department it have become an institution. Several Students of the College
are working on responsible posts in different multinational organizations.
Now it is a very popular computer-training institute. And people are
eager to take admission in different courses conducted in the college.
14. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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Aims And Objectives
The department aims to raise its education to level to other
institutions in the city so that its name not only is recognized nationally
but internationally.
Departmental Hours:
The department remains open for six days a week, i.e, Monday
through Saturday from 9:00 A.M. to 9:00 P.M.
Committee:
A committee has been constituted to look after the different affairs of
the department. This consists of the Director Computer Department,
Morning and Evening Administrators.
Students
Admissions:
Admissions in different courses are done on regular basis after certain
periods following the admission criteria decided by the above-mentioned
committee. When a candidate seeks admission he contacts the office and
then he is provided a roll no after submitting the dues.
Examination:
The midterm and final term exams are conducted regularly and the
students securing 50% marks are passed and the others have to take the
subjects with the successor class to qualify the exam.
Projects:
At the end of each semester the students are assigned projects on
different topics, which they have to complete in order to get their courses
15. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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completed. Students are assigned grading and numbers according to these
projects.
Attendance:
Attendance is done regularly of all the students to their progress in
their studies. The attendances are also taken in account for the result
completion. Students having attendances below a specific level are not
passed in the exams.
Employees
Appointment:
The appointment of the teachers and the instructors are done
according to the needs of the department. First their trail is taken by
providing them a chance to teach a class and then the decision is taken by
the committee to appoint the teacher or not.
Faculty:
The department has two types of faculties one is permanent and the
other is visiting. The permanent faculty is the one, which is round the
clock in the college for student guidance according to the shifts while the
visiting one is the one, which just take classes.
Classes:
The classes are assigned according to the availability of the teacher.
Mainly the classes are assigned on the basis if the previous teacher has
satisfied the class. Then he is provided class in next session.
1.2.1 Department Statistics:
The department maintains the following statistics and it will be very
helpful for us to take a look at these statistics. As these show the
effectiveness of an educational institution:
i. Number of Students.
16. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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ii. Offering of New Programs and Courses.
iii. Managing the Classes (without clash of time).
iv. Announcement of Results.
v. Providing the Best Teacher.
vi. Student Consultancy.
vii. Provision of Lab Timing.
1.2.2 General Rules and Regulations:
After taking a look at all this I decided some rules and regulations, which
can be implemented in any institution:
Any student after the admission should be liable to abide by the rules
and regulations issued by the department time and again.
A student should be restricted to take only the classes specified for
the program he/she is enrolled.
Fee Package once decided with the student at the time of admission
must not be changed during the study period. In case the package is
changed on zakat, etc basis, the package will be changed for the
period remaining, not for the period passed.
Dues must be cleared in advance (for at least one month) before 10th
of every month or the students may not be allowed to attend their
classes or labs in any case.
Any fine or penalty given to the students should not be taken back
once it is announced on the notice board.
Fine should be charged for missing any lecture without prior
application.
17. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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Any student, who remains absent for at least six days without any
prior intimation, should be struck off from the department. In case of
re-joining, he/she has to pay the re-admission fee.
Department time is divided into three sessions.
Morning 9:00 AM to 1:30 PM
Afternoon 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM
Evening 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM
Students should not be allowed to attend class / lab in the timings, in
which they are not enrolled.
No Project should be accepted after the date announced. In case of
any special permission from the department office, at least 5 marks
will be deducted from the total marks assigned for the late projects.
The Project Marks should be given on the basis of Project
Justification VIVA. Three persons, including class teacher and two
other faculty members, should take this viva. These three persons
will divide total Marks of the viva into three portions. In case a
student cannot justify the project, no marks will be given to the
student.
A student must obtain 40% Marks in the Final Term written exam to
clear any subject. If the student fails in the final term written paper,
he/she should be considered fail in the whole subject and has to re-
appear as supplementary even though his / her marks are greater than
the 50%.
Marks of any Subject should be divided in the sub-divisions as:
Mid-Term 20%
18. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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Final-Term 40%
Attendance 10%
Project 20%
Presentation / Assignments 10%
___________________________________________
100%
In case of such subjects with No Project, the marks of the project
should be added in the Final Term Exam (that is the final exam will be of
60% Marks).
Mid-Term Exam should be taken as per the date announced. No
separate exam should be taken after that date except the prior
permission of the Department Administrator. The answer sheets
should be returned to the students after checking. Students should
keep the answer sheets safe with them for the proof if any
discrepancy occurs. Students should use their own stationary /
answer sheets for the mid-term exam.
A group of maximum three students should be allowed to complete
their end term project. Any group exceeding the number of students
will be invalid even the class teacher assigns it.
1.2.3 Problems in the Current System:
The problems in the current system was this that when a user
entered the college for admission in any course he was first of all
provided with a form he was to fill out. This consisted of his personal
and educational information about him. Then this record was placed in
different registers files and copied over and over in different places in the
form of hard copy. It was very difficult to search the record of a student
19. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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who took admission six months ago. There was no order in the records. If
any changing was to be done in the record of any student if he changed
his course then it was first to be searched and then changed everywhere.
So the main problem was the difficulties faced by the staff and the
second problem was that too much time was consumed in hunting a
record from the cupboards. It was a very awkward thing and if the
employee who controlled the record was changed then the search was a
lot more difficult.
1.2.4 Computerization
The department is not completely computerized the whole process of
admission of a candidate or the assignment of the class is done manually.
Several attempts were done of computerization but they were not
succeeded by one or another reason. Some of the data of the new
candidates is entered in the excel sheets but it was not a refined way
according to me. The spreadsheet software is a general purpose one and
not for any especial purpose or institution. And most of all we have no
security anyone who can open the file can read or change the data.
1.3 Suggestions and Recommendations
It is suggested that all the institutions of the Pakistan should follow
the international standard about the admissions and the management. So
that the students and the employees should fell at home any where in the
country. It is suggested that starting with the computer departments the
following should be undertaken:
20. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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a) Student Reference:
A reference or resource person should be kept who should take in
consideration all the student problems, which the students cannot report
directly to the office. And this resource person will also provide guidance
to the students as they should take which course and which subject that
will not only help them in the future but also provide them a chance to
prove their metal.
b) Departmental Surveys:
Departmental Surveys should be taken regularly so that the opinion
of the students should be taken into account as what they demand and
what is more that excess.
c) Constant Updating of Rules and Regulations:
The rules and regulations should be updated regularly so that the
department should go hand in hand with the new world formalities.
d) Computerized Operations:
Today computer has broken through all the human activities. It does a
lot for the Department and its staff. By introducing a computerized
system productivity and efficiency of the department may be enhanced
manifold. The entire may get its objective in this regard of helping the
staff.
1.3.1 Recommended Touch & Click System:
There are some rules and regulations that I have implemented to
create the database system for the department of the computer sciences
requirements:
21. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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The administrator can view edit or delete any students or an
employee’s data. In other words he possesses all the rights which
he requires to control the database and the website.
If a student logins or signs in to the database driven website he is
provided with his only information of fees, results and personal
information.
Every employee also has a username and password which allow
him control over the website but he can view only that data which
is pertaining to him i.e. his salary record, classes which he is
teaching mean while and his personal information.
The administrator can search for any student or any employee in
the database and he can edit this information.
All the users are provided with username and password so that
illegal use of data should be prohibited.
This is a web-based system, which is accessible all over the
globe.
Any person who doesn’t have any password or username and he
is just seeking information about admission in different courses
he can view all this on the website.
1.4 Physical System Implementation:
Several data structures are required as part of the physical system
implementation, including:
Data files, which store the database itself.
Data dictionary, which stores metadata about the structure of
the database. The data dictionary is used heavily. Therefore,
22. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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great emphasis should be placed on developing a good design
and efficient implementation of the dictionary.
Indices, which provide for fast access to data items holding
particular values.
This whole system can easily be understood from the figure
that describes different entities of the system and the relations among
them.
Methodology
After some research and discussions with professional I
selected the following format to create my website:
mySQL, as backend tool or the database in which the records are stored.
PHP 4.0 as front-end tool or for designing the user interface.
1.5 Why Mysql
This is the mostly used web-programming database and it is
more popular database than the older ones. You can store Giga or
even Terra Bytes of Data in its tables.
And the most of all the biggest benefit is this that MySQL is
License Free and it is further more open source so you can take the
design and create your database (A good news for the database
programmers). And the biggest thing that I took into account was this
No One in Our Department Of Computer Sciences Have Used this
database in the final project. I wanted to make a change not to repeat
23. Chapter 1 Analysis of the System
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the old practice to create the project in the oracle and developer or
visual basic and Access. I expect my successors will try to copy my
example and suggest their own tools to create the projects.
1.6 Why Php
This is the hottest tool for the creation of web pages and most
of all this is also open source and License Free. You can make safe
connections with any mysql database in no time. You can even use
multiple databases with the PHP. And news all the websites are being
converted to PHP format. PHP do not require any special
requirements on the Client Side it Just require a browser that can run
internet web pages and nothing at all. It is secure and rapid in
execution. Well not on my behalf the PHP websites have not been
hacked yet some rumors have been present but these could not be
justified.
1.7 System Requirements
(For Local Systems or Standalone Testing)
Pentium-II or Above
128 Ram (Recommended)
Apache Web server Installed.
PHP 4.0 Configured Correctly.
MySQL installed to Connect with PHP.
3.5 MB free space for Touch and Click System.
For Hosting on the World Wide Internet the Requirements are very simple
(Any web server with PHP and mySQL Support Preferably a Linux or Unix
Server)
24. Chapter 2 Diagrams
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C h a p t e r 2
DIAGRAMS
2.1 Data Flow Diagrams
The Data flow diagrams show that in which direction the data is
going or coming from. No system can be analyzed or designed without
good and comprehensive diagrams. These diagrams help not only the
programmers but also the user, how he is using the system or in which
way he should use the system.
2.2 Entity Relation Ship Diagram
The entity relation ship diagram tells us how all the entities
are related with each other. Which entity has the foreign key and which
one possesses the primary key. For example Student is an entity and it is
related with all the other tables. Now we check the relation ship of
Student with all the other entities. The Entity Relation ship Diagram
helps us in developing a better and easy interface for the user so that he
can use the software in the best way.
2.3 Data Structure Diagram
Now we come towards the data structure diagram. This
diagram shows the relation ship between different tables. This diagram
helps us to develop a more efficient and normalized database, which
should be reliable, non-redundant and error-free.
25. Chapter 2 Diagrams
14
Context Level Diagram
Classes Schedule
Result
Session Detail
Fee Reciept
Session_id
Student_id
Fee
Student
Employee
Touch & Click
System
Student
Employee
New Student Info
New Employee Info
Employee Id
Roll No
Employee Id
26. Chapter 2 Diagrams
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Zero Level Diagrams
Roll No
Classes Schedule
Result
Session Detail
Fee Reciept
Session_id
Student_id
Fee
Student
Employee
Admission
System
Student
Employee
New Student Info
New Employee
Info
Employee Id
Examinati
on System
Salary
System
Class
Assigning
System
Salary Detail
27. Chapter 2 Diagrams
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Entity Relationship Diagram
M
M
M1 M
M
M
M
M
M
M
MM
M
M
M M
M
M M
M
M
M M
M
1
M
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Student
i
Fee_Payment Fee_Description
Subject
NationalityReligion
Qualification
Program
Session
Subject_offered
Result
Semester
Course
Institution
Classes
Phone
Employee
Emp_Scale
Salary
Payment
Fee_Package
M
28. Chapter 2 Diagrams
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Data Structure Diagram
Student
i
Fee_Payment
Fee_Description
Subject
NationalityReligion Qualification
ProgramSession Subject_offered
Result
Semester
Course
Institution
Classes
Phone
Employee
Emp_Scale
Salary
Payment
Fee_Package
29. CHAPTER 3 Normalization
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C h a p t e r 3
NORMALIZATION
To get a systematic control system there is need to manage the data
in such way that data redundancy should not be presented and user can
access the data and information that he requires. To accomplish this
task normalization techniques are used.
3.1 What Is Normalization?
Next step after analyzing the system of Department of
Computer Sciences, determining the scope of design, relevant
transactions, entities relevant to scope and studying the rules and
regulations, is to collect data that is necessary for building a superb
web based database system. For building a system that has no error
web developer has to normalize the information that I gathered to build
a good web based database application. I perform normalization
because of the following reasons:
To eliminate redundancy of the data.
To eliminate the unpredictable behavior of the data.
To identify the unique records in the database that will help to
search a specific record from the database otherwise data will
not be reliable.
30. CHAPTER 3 Normalization
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To normalize a database, firstly I determined entities and
attributes that can make a good, consistent and normalized web based
database application, as it is the first step toward normalization.
Entities that I could gather from the manual system of the department
of computer sciences are given and there are all steps with the help of
which a normalized data can be accessed.
3.2 Entities:
The entities are as follows:
Student
1. St_id
2. St_name
3. St_fname
4. St_dob
5. St_address
6. Phone_Office
7. Phone_Mobile
8. Phone_Home
9. Nationality
10. Religion
11. Time
12. Session_id
13. Date_of_admission
14. St_id_card
15. Class_start_date
16. Package
17. St_picture
Fee Payment:
1. Reciept_No
34. CHAPTER 3 Normalization
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3. Payment _id
Payment:
1. Payment_id
2. Payment_description
3. Payment_rate
Users:
1. User_name
2. User_password
3. User_level_id
User_Level
1. User_level_id
2. User_level
3.3 Normalized Form Of All The Tables:
To confirm consistent data flow, there is another phase of
normalization in which a developer has to analyze the data flow in
such way that whenever a many to many relationship exist he/she has
to project the database into more than one tables and there again try
to rejoin these databases to form the phase condition from where
these databases were projected and these phase conditions were
similar in department of computer sciences database system so, it is
proved that proposed database system is in normalized form.
At the end, there are all proposed entities and their attributes
showing primary keys to show their uniqueness and foreign keys
showing relationships among entities.
Student
1. St_id (PK)
2. St_name
41. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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ENTITIES & ATTRIBUTES
To explain the system, it is quite necessary to explain entities and attributes so that a user can know about entries
and characteristics of fields. So there is explanation of entities and their attributes:
4.1 Entity Name: Student
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign key
1. St_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. St_name Varchar2 XXX 100 No No No
3. St_fname Varchar2 XXX 100 No No No
4. St_dob Date dd-mon-yyyy No No No
5. St_address Varchar2 XXX 200 No No No
6. Phone_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
7. Nationality_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
8. Religion_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
9. Time_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
10. Session_id Varchar2 XXX 5 No No Yes
42. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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11. Date_of_admn Date dd-mon-yyyy No No No
12. St_id_card Number 999 35 No No No
13 Class_st_date Date dd-mon-yyyy No No No
14. Package_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
15. St_picture Number 999 5 No No No
16 User_name Varchar2 XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
St_id The Id Or Roll No of the Student It is a Primary Key here
St_name Name of the Student
St_fname Father’s name of the Student
St_dob Date of Birth of the Student
St_address Address of the Student
Phone_id Phone Id of the Student. It is the Foreign Key from the table of the Phone
Nationality_id The Foreign Key of the Nationality from the table of Nationality Table
Religion_id The Foreign Key of the Religion from the table of Religion Table
43. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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Time_id The Foreign Key of the Time from the table of Time’s Table
Session_id The Foreign Key of the Session from the table of Session Table
Date_of_admission Date at which the student took admission in the department
St_id_card The Identity Card No of the Student Who Took Admission
Class_st_date Date at which the class of the student started
Package_id The Foreign Key of the Package from the table of Package Table
St_picture Name of the picture which is uploaded on the website
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.2 Entity Name: Time
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign key
1. Time_id Number 999 5 Yes Yes No
2. Time Varchar XXX 50 No No No
3. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
44. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Time_id The Id Assigned to time and it is primary key and vice verca
Time Name of the Time
User_name The user name of the user who edited or added the value of the above stated in the table
4.3 Entity Name: Fee_Payment
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Reciept_no Number 999 5 Yes Yes No
2. St_id Number 999 100 No No Yes
3. Reciving_date Date dd-mm-yy 100 No No No
4. Amount_received Number 999 50 No No No
5. Fee_description_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
6. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
45. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Reciept_no The No of the receipt issued to the student and it is a primary key
St_id The id of the student used here as a foreign key from the student table
Reciving_date The Date at which the fee was received
Amount_received The amount paid by the student and received by the concerned person
Fee_description_id The id of the fee as a foreign key student paid used from the fee_description table
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.4 Entity Name: Fee_Description
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Fee_description_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Description Varchar XXX 100 No No No
46. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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3. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Fee_description_id The Id of the fee assigned to it in this table and it is a primary key
Description Description which type of Fee it is
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.5 Entity Name: Subject
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Subject_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Subject_name Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
47. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Subject_id The id assigned to a subject It is a Primary Key here
Subject_name Name of the Subject
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.6 ENTITY NAME: Subject_Offered
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Program_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
2. Subject_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
3. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
48. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Program_id The id assigned to the program here it is a foreign key from program table
Subject_id The id assigned to the Subject here it is a foreign key from subject table
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.7 Entity Name: Session
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Session_id Number 999 5 Yes Yes No
2. Session_year Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. Session_start_date Date dd-mm-yy No No No
4. Session_duration Varchar XXX 50 No No No
5. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
49. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Session_id The Id of the Session it is a Primary Key here
Session_year Year in which the session started
Session_start_date The Date of the start of the session
Session_duration The Duration of the session
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.8 Entity Name:Program
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Program_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Program_name Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. Admission_fee Number 999 100 No No No
4. Tution_fee Number 999 100 No No No
50. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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5. No_of_semesters Number 999 200 No No No
6. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Program_id The Id of the program it is a Primary Key here
Program_name Name of the Program
Admission_fee Admission fee of the program
Tution_fee Tution fee of the program
No_of_semesters No of Semesters in the program
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.9 Entity Name: Qualification
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. St_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
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2. Emp_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
3. Course_id Number 999 50 No No Yes
4. Institute_id Number 999 50 No No Yes
5. Year Number 999 5 No No No
6. Marks Number 999 5 No No No
7. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
St_id The Id Or Roll No of the Student It is Foreign Key here from the student table
Emp_id The Id of the Employee It is Foreign Key here from the Employee table
Course_id The Id of the Course It is Foreign Key here from the Course table
Institute_id The Id of the Institute It is Foreign Key here from the Institute table
Year Year in which the course was passed
Marks Marks obtained by the person whose entry is made in the table
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
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4.10 Entity Name: Religion
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Religion_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Religion Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Religion_id The Id of the Religion It is a Primary Key here
Religion Religion Name
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
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4.11 Entity Name: Nationality
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Nationality_id Number 999 5 Yes Yes No
2. Nationality Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. User_name Varchar XXX 100 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Nationality_id The Id of the Nationality It is a Primary Key here
Nationality The Nationality Name
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
54. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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4.12 Entity Name: Results
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. St_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
2. Semester_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
3. Subject_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
4. Attendance Number 999 5 No No No
5. Marks_Obtained Number 999 5 No No No
6. Mid_term Number 999 5 No No No
7. Grace_marks Number 999 5 No No No
8. Assignment Number 999 5 No No No
9. Project Number 999 5 No No No
10. User_name Varchar2 XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
St_id The Id of the Student It is Foreign Key here from the Student table
55. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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Semester_id The Id of the Semester It is Foreign Key here from the Semester table
Subject_id The Id of the Subject It is Foreign Key here from the Subject table
Attendance The marks of the attendance
Marks_obtained The marks obtained by the student
Mid_term The marks obtained by the student in the mid_term exam
Grace_marks The marks given by the examiner to pass the student
Assignment The marks obtained by the student by the preparation of the assignments
Project The Marks of the project made by the student
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.13 Entity Name: Semester
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Semester_id Number 999 5 Yes Yes No
2. Sem_st_date Date yy-mm-dd No No No
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3. Sem_duration Varchar XXX 100 No No No
4. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Semester_id The Id of the Semester It is a Primary Key here
Semester_st_date Date at which the semester started
Sem_duration The Duration of the semester
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.14 Entity Name: Course
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Course_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Course_name Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. Course_description Varchar XXX 100 No No No
4. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
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DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Course_id The Id of the Course It is a Primary Key here
Course_name The name of the course
Course_description Description of the course
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.15 Entity Name: Institution
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Institute_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Institute_name Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. Institute_address Varchar XXX 100 No No No
4. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
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DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Institute_id The Id of the Institute It is a Primary Key here
Institute_name Name of the institute
Institute_address Address of the Institute
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.16 Entity Name: Fee_Package
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Package_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
2. Discount Number 999 100 No No No
3. Program_id Number 999 100 No No Yes
4. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Package_id The Id of the Package It is Foreign Key here from the Package table
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Discount Discount provided
Program_id The Id of the program It is Foreign Key here from the program table
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
Entity Name: Phone
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Phone_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. House Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. Office Varchar XXX 100 No No No
4. Mobile Varchar XXX 100 No No No
5. User_name Varchar XXX 200 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Phone_id The Id of the Phone It is a Primary Key here
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House The Telephone Number of the House
Office The telephone number of the office
Mobile The telephone number of the mobile
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
Entity Name: Classes
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Emp_id Number 999 2 No No Yes
2. Session_id Number 999 100 No No Yes
3. Subject_id Number 999 100 No No Yes
4. Time_id Number 999 100 No No Yes
5. User_name Varchar2 XXX 200 No No Yes
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DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Emp_id The Id of the Employee It is Foreign Key here from the Employee table
Session_id The Id of the Session It is Foreign Key here from the Session table
Subject_id The Id of the Subject It is Foreign Key here from the Subject table
Time_id The Id of the Time It is Foreign Key here from the Time’s table
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
4.19 Entity Name: Employee
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Emp_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Emp_name Varchar XXX 100 No No No
3. Emp_fname Varchar XXX 100 No No No
4. Emp_dob Date dd-mon-yyyy No No No
5. Emp_address Varchar XXX 200 No No No
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6. Emp_email Number 999 5 No No No
7. Phone_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
8. Nationality_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
9. Religion_id Number 999 5 No No Yes
10. Date_of_appointment Date yy-mm-dd 5 No No No
11. Emp_id_card Varchar XXX 50 No No No
12. Emp_photo Number 999 35 No No No
13 User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Emp_id The Id of the Employee It is a Primary Key here
Emp_name Name of the Employee
Emp_fname Father’s name of the Employee
Emp_dob Date of Birth of the Employee
Emp_address Address of the Employee
Emp_email Email address of the employee
Phone_id Phone Id of the Employee. It is the Foreign Key from the table of the Phone
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Nationality_id The Foreign Key of the Nationality from the table of Nationality Table
Religion_id The Foreign Key of the Religion from the table of Religion Table
Date_of_appointment Date at which the Employee was appointed in the department
Emp_id_card The Identity Card No of the Employee
Emp_photo Name of the picture which is uploaded on the website
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
Entity Name: Emp_Scales
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Scale_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Scale_name Varchar2 XXX 100 No No No
3. Medical Number 999 100 No No No
4. Conveyance Number 999 100 No No No
5. House_rent Number 999 200 No No No
6. Misc Number 999 5 No No No
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7. User_name Varchar 999 5 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Scale_id Id of the Scale it is a primary key here
Scale_name Name of the Scale
Medical The amount given in the favour of medical charges
Conveyance The amount paid for conveyance charges
House_rent The amount paid for house rent charges
Misc Any Miscellaneous Charges Paid
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
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4.21 Entity Name: Salary
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign
key
1. Emp_id Number 999 2 No No Yes
2. Scale_id Number 999 100 No No Yes
3. Payment_id Number 999 100 No No Yes
4. User_name Varchar XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Emp_id The id provided to the employee
Scale_id The Id of the Scale It is Foreign Key here from the Scale table
Payment_id The Id of the payment It is Foreign Key here from the Payment table
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
66. CHAPTER 4 Entities and Attributes
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4.22 Entity Name: Payment
ATTRIBUTES:
Index Name Data type Format Length Not null Primary key Foreign key
1. Payment_id Number 999 2 Yes Yes No
2. Payment_description Varchar2 XXX 100 No No No
3. Payment_rate Varchar2 XXX 100 No No No
4. User_name Varchar2 XXX 50 No No Yes
DESCRIPTION:
Name Description
Payment_id The Id of the Payment It is a Primary Key here
Payment_description Description of the payment
Payment_rate The rate of payment provided to the employee
User_name The Name of the user Who changed or entered the information in this table
67. CHAPTER 5 Interface
56
5.1 Interface Design:
The user interface of a web app is its “first impression”.
Regardless of the value of its content, the sophistication of its
processing capabilities and services and the overall benefit of the web
app itself, a poorly designed interface will disappoint the potential
user and may in fact cause the user to go somewhere else. Because of
the sheer volume of competing web apps in virtually every subject
area the interface must “grab” a potential user immediately. There are
some guidelines I have kept in front of me when I was designing the
user interface:
Server errors, even minor ones are likely to cause a user to leave the
web site and look else where for information or services.
Reading speed on a computer monitor is approximately 25 percent
slower than reading speed for hard copy. Therefore, do not force the
user to read voluminous amounts of text, particularly when the text
explains the operations of the web apps or assists in navigation.
Avoid “under-construction” signs they raise expectations and cause
an unnecessary link that is sure to disappoint.
Users prefer not to scroll important information should be placed
within the dimensions of a typical browser window.
Navigation menus and head bars should be designed consistently and
should be available on all pages that are available to the user. The
design should not rely on browser functions to assists in navigation.
Aesthetics should never supersede functionality.
Navigation options should be obvious even to the casual user. The
user should not have to search the screen to determine how to link to
other content or services.
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5.2 Screen Shots of the Interfaces:
This is the main page of the website with which we get access to the
whole website. In other words, we can call it the home page.
Sign Up Page
The Sign Up page for the users who want to view the information. Here
the user enters the password and username then if his username is in the
group of administrators he will view the administrative panel or page through
which we can control the whole website. The administrator has the full rights
to access or delete any record or change the password or level of any user.
But if the username, which is entered, is in the group of student or employee
then the user who signs in gets only his own data. This data is in read only
69. CHAPTER 5 Interface
58
form and the user cannot change his data. He can only change his password
and then sign out.
The Next Page
The user entered his username and password now if the user is an
administrator or belongs to that group then he views the page given as
follows:
70. CHAPTER 5 Interface
59
From this page as this bears the Name “Administrator” on it we can
control the database. You can see that the user can view the username with
which he has signed up. All the names shown on the page are links to other
pages. When you click on any link we can view the page with the help of
which we can view or alter the whole table. The three text boxes shown on
the bottom the page are for searching purposes. The first is for students i.e. if
the administrator wants to search the record of a specific student then he just
enters the roll no of the student and click on the search button. After it a page
is displayed which shows the fees, results and personal information of that
student. Now the administrator can change or alter any information in those
students’ records. Similarly when the admin enters the empid of any
employee in the text box and searches then the classes schedule, salary
information and personal information. Similarly when a username is entered
71. CHAPTER 5 Interface
60
in the text box of users and searched then the complete information of that
user is displayed.
New Student Page
This page is used to add new student to the database. From the
nationality or religion or any combo box we select any nationality or
religion and the other special thing is this that in numeric fields you
cannot enter any character value and vice versa. After you have
completed the fields the save button saves the records in the database but
if the record exists in the data base then a message is displayed on the
next page that duplicate entries are not allowed. You can see some links
on the top of the web page. These are direct links to some WebPages
used in the website.
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New Employee Page
This page is used to add new employee to the database. From the
nationality or religion or any combo box we select any nationality or
religion and the other special thing is this that in numeric fields you
cannot enter any character value and vice versa. After you have
completed the fields the save button saves the records in the database but
if the record exists in the data base then a message is displayed on the
next page that duplicate entries are not allowed. You can see some links
on the top of the web page. These are direct links to some WebPages
used in the website.
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62
New User Page
This page is used to add new users to the database. It is a special
thing is this that in numeric fields you cannot enter any character value
and vice verca. After you have completed the fields the save button saves
the records in the database but if the record exists in the data base then a
message is displayed on the next page that duplicate entries are not
allowed. You can see some links on the top of the web page. These are
direct links to some WebPages used in the website.
74. CHAPTER 6 Conclusion
63
CONCLUSION
6.1 The Goal at the End
In this era of life, it has become need of every office to have a
competitive, consistent and efficient database system. The department
of computer sciences had a manual system for the management of
employees or students, as there were a lot of problems that they had
to face and these problems were cause of time consumption of the
staff. They have to waste their time in searching of just their required
information. In other words, they were not taking advantage of the
most amazing thing in this world, which not only saves time but also
saves the labor.
The solution of all the above stated problems was the need of
a normalized database system, which should not be online but also
provide global access to every person around the whole world and
this need could be accomplished by my T&CS (Touch and Click
Information System). It has all those features that should be in a
website or a web based system of an educational institution. Some of
the main features are given below:
Global Accessibility:
As the Internet is accessible throughout the whole world and
the website is placed on the Internet so you can access it from any
part of the world.
75. CHAPTER 6 Conclusion
64
Security:
Each and every user is provided a username and
password so no one can access any other person’s data or
information.
Redundancy:
Information about the students and the employees are stored
in a systematic way such that there is no data redundancy and data is
not in scattered form. User just has to tell its requirement; Touch and
Click System will search it by itself.
User Convenience:
It is quite convenient for the user to just enter username and
password and he requires no newer version of internet explorer or
web browser to view the website in other words on client side the
website requires no specific alteration or software.
From all above points and project implementation and
performance shows that Touch and Click System is an exemplary
database system and it would be very beneficial for the user to use it.
