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When you read beyond the monitor share version
- 1. When you see beyond monitors.. The Diagnosis errors and Diagnosis game Ahmad Abou Leila PGY5 –Anesthesiology American University of Beirut Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 2. Take our monitoring skills to the next level. 1 Integrate the clinical skills with the monitoring 2 skills Why we do Diagnosis errors? 3 How to avoid the Dx errors 4 Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 3. Making Diagnosis errors Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 4. Common Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 5. Common Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 10. Cognitive Errors Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 12. Perception errors Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 13. When you separate patients from the monitor Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 14. Numbers are meaningless without patients 72 y/o 20y/o BP100/52 (Hypotension) (normal) Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 15. VPB Renal failure Massive transfusion, SUX in Bed ridden Check the electrolytes and management Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 16. VPB Healthy patients during left lobectomy Cautery irritation Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 17. Patient A Patient B PaCO2=40 PaCO2=40 Discharged to floor Respiratory Acidosis Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 18. Patient B: pregnant woman After 38 weeks PaCO2 <30 Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 20. Regular craniotomy Pituitary surgery TBI Mannitol Therapy Diabetes insipidus Cerebral salt wasting Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 21. Normal Na Hypernatremia Hponatermia Mannitol Therapy Diabetes insipidus Cerebral salt wasting Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 22. Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 23. Positive test Dose Healthy surgical patients HR > 20BPM BP >15 mmHg T wave amplitude decrease Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 24. Processing Errors Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 25. Availability bias “Dx according to what available in our Brain Less available pathology less Dx” Representativeness Confirmation Bias “miss the atypical features” outcome bias “choosing Dx with good Premature closure outcomes avoid dx with bad outcome” Overconfidence Bias Diagnosis momentum Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 26. Obese patient ..Lap chole.. Post operative he developed tachycardia and hypotension JP drain ZERO .. He was Treated as hypovolemic (voluven,blood,Aline) Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 28. Availability bias We see a lot of hypovolemia …ready available in our minds Out come bias Obese patient ..Lap chole.. Hypovolemia better prognosis than PE Post operative he developed tachycardia and hypotension It is Hypovolemia Premature closure JP drain ZERO .. He was Treated as hypovolemic Insert A-line and volume administration (voluven,blood..etc) Confirmation Bias and Dx momentum Death Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 29. After Spinal anesthesia in asthmatic patient Patient become Dyspneic and desaturation The resident explanation “it is false reading” Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 30. Patient Turned Blue…and again … Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 32. “it is false reading” premature closure.. Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 33. 38 y/o female patient Preclampsia… C/S under GA… Everything is fine Post Operative she developed severe Dyspnea What is your differential ? Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 34. Pulmonary embolism Aspiration Tocolytic pulmonary edema Pre-eclampsia Pulmonary edema Anxiety Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 35. Not every Postoperative Nausea…..Do EGK to rule out MI Never get the habit of MED student after Brugada lesson Every ST elevation has to rule out brugada Base-rate neglect Bias the tendency to ignore the true prevalence of a disease Tendency to Diagnose “exotic “ things Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 36. To write goo differential list ..you have to answer three questions Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 37. What is the most common cause? What is the most serious cause? What is the most likely cause? Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 39. What is the most common Hpovolemia(bleeding) cause? Epidural anesthesia Pulmonary embolism What is the most serious Mediastinal shift cause? What is the most likely cause? Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 41. Mediastinal shift Clamp the Drain……. allow the air to fill the cavity call for Surgeon Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 42. 56 y/o female patient osteoperosis,otherwise healthy… Kyphoplasty…interventional radiology..LA+sedation PACU Dyspnea Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 44. Pulmonary cement embolism After vertebroplasty Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 46. What is the most common Opioid overdose cause? What is the most serious Pontine hge cause? What is the most likely cause? Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 47. Most likely ..organopphosprous poisoning SUXMETHONIUM is CI Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 48. During transfer of TOF baby after DX cardiac CATH Baby become cyanotic and saturation dropped to 60 Baby had normal breathing pattern(no labored breathing or obstruction) Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 50. I gave the baby oxygen..but he still blue Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 52. Least likely cause of this desaturation Most likely cause of cynosis (TET spells) Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 53. Photo from the BLOG Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 56. After CSE for Multigravida patient the OB resident informed you that there is significant FHR abnormalities ….. What you think ? Patient Placed Right side up and BP normal… Still FHR abnormal What you think ? Rule out Uterine Hypertonus Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 57. Logistic regression analysis showed the type of analgesia as the only independent predictor of uterine hypertonus (odds ratio 3.526, 95% confidence interval 1.21-10.36; P=.022). Combined spinal-epidural analgesia is associated with a significantly greater incidence of FHR abnormalities related to uterine hypertonus compared with epidural analgesia Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 58. Deficient Knowledge Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 59. When heart Pumps Blood into the vessels Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 60. Vascular system is not straight line ….. Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 61. Vascular system is highly branched system. .with many branches and bifurcations Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 63. A-line tracing in elderly Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 64. A-line tracing in young Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 65. Appear during Vasoconstriction Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 66. Combination of two waves… Higher wave amplitude Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 67. Aorta Brachial artery As you go Further Pulse amplification Taller systolic peak Lower diastolic pressure Dorsalis pedis Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 68. Measured SBP in In Shock radial and DP Vasoconstriction False sense of Is 20mmHg Peripheral pulse security higher than Higher then central Aorta central Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 69. Systolic pressure monitoring Reflects Not Change with site Not blood flow Peripheral augmentation related to autoregulation initial upstroke Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 70. CPP MAP-ICP SVR MAP-CVP/CO coronary Diastolic pressure-LVEDP Abdomen MAP-IAP Systolic Blood pressure didn’t appear in autoregulation Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 71. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure MAP Indicator of blood flow MAP Main Determinants of autoregulation Not affected by Reflected waves MAP No peripheral augmentation Not affected by over Damping and MAP underdamping Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 72. Lowest MAP without hypoperfusion Severe HTN :65 MAP Treated HTN:53 Normal :43 Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 74. Better Together Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 78. bisferiens pulse initial peak upstroke from rapid left ventricular ejection in early systole Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 81. Pulsus alternan…..Not related to MV Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 82. Severe vasoconstriction Elevated DP Multiple RW Slow up rise of systolic pressure Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 85. Severe AS and Severe Severe AR HOCM IABP AR Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 88. In Aline leveling is not a problem but in CVP is CVP is very small number Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 90. Accurate Zeroing Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 91. Accurate Zeroing Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 93. 1 Injection of cold saline Measure the 3 Temperature change Entrance of cold saline 2 Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 101. U will not see the regular atrial Pressure wave in the severe tricuspid regurge U will have VENTRICULIZATION of ATRIA Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 104. SVO2=SaO2-(VO2/COx1.36xHct) X 100 Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 105. Venous oximetry Venous oximetry detects organs hypoperfusion (VO2)before organs ischemia develop Reduced venous oxygen saturation better predicts adverse outcome after cardiac surgery than does cardiac output Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 106. It is toooooooooooooooooo complicated Any thing else instead Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 107. Oxygen saturation in the central line ScVO2 is lower SVO2 by 2%-3% ScVO2 =SVC SVO2=SVC+IVC SVC sampling Brain consumption is IVC more oxygen Central line higher than rest of SVO2 more body…SVC less O2 ScVO2 less Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 109. Current evidence and consensus-based guideline for monitoring and treatment of cardiac surgery patients during the postoperative period in ICU recommends an ScvO2 > 70% SvO2 > 65% Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 110. ScVO2 European Multicenter study 73 Critical care 2006,10 R185 Deflaviis et al ScVO2 >70 Minerva anesthesiology 2006 ScVO2 Pearse et al 75 Critical care 2009,9 R694-699 SVO2 Polonen et al >70 Anes-Analgesia 2000,90:1052-1059 Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 111. Why venous oximetry? 60% of patient udergoing major surgeries develop intestinal ischemia SVO2 or ScVO2 directed therapy associated with less postoperative complications and mortality Small increase with SVO2 associated with significant decrease in the mortality Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 112. ACT monitoring Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 114. ACT contact activator Celite Kaolin Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 115. Aprotonin inhibit Celite Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 116. Prolonged ACT Sub optimal heparin Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 117. Kaolin containing should be used Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 118. Muscle relaxants monitoring Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 119. Tests to assess recovery Tests to assess Depth Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 120. TOF% 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Head lift 5sec Tongue Depressor test V or T Fade TOF detection V or T DBS Fade detection Safe extubation 50 HZ Fade No Tetanus detection residual 100 HZ paralysis Fade detect Tetanus Always Use quantitative test Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 121. TOF% 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Safe extubation No residual paralysis Debaene B, Plaud B, Dilly MP, Donati F. Residual paralysis in the PACU after a single intubating dose of nondepolarizing muscle relaxant with an intermediate durationAhmad M. of action. Abou Leila Anesthesiology 2003;98:1042–8
- 122. TOF% 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Safe extubation No residual paralysis AhmadReversaltooffour hoursLeilasingle intubating dose Caldwell JE. M. residual neuromuscular block with neostigmine at one Abou after a of vecuronium. Anesth Analg 1995;80:1168–74
- 123. Patient A Co-oximetry results What will be the SPO2 Oxy Hb 70% reading in these two Reduced Hb 10 % Carboxy Hb 20% patients? Both SPO2= 90 SPO2 reads only oxy and reduced And reads the COHB as Oxy Patient B Co-oximetry results HB Oxy Hb 50% Reduced Hb 10 % Carboxy Hb 40% Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 124. Oxygen saturation Gap SPO2-SaO2 OSG<5 Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 125. Oxygen saturation Gap SPO2-SaO2>5 Abnormal Hb not measured by SPO2 Ahmad M. Abou Leila
- 126. Link the monitor data to the patient physiology…number alone are meaningless Before you make your diagnoses ASK your self” what else might this be?” what did I miss” Remember the three questions “the Most common” ”The most dangerous” and the most likely” Don’t be overconfident…ask for feedback The most important ting to improve your Diagnosing skills is Read and practice Ahmad M. Abou Leila
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- 128. Have a nice day Ahmad M. Abou Leila