SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  34
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
BAB II
 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development
                    Projects
• Sources of projects
  – Management and business units
  – Managers who want to make a system more
    efficient or less costly
  – Formal planning groups




                  kipram                         1
• Projects are identified by
   – Top management
   – Steering committee
   – User departments
   – Development group or senior IS staff
• Top-Down Identification
   – Senior management or steering committee
   – Focus is on global needs of organization
• Bottom-up Identification
   – Business unit or IS group
   – Don’t reflect overall goals of the organization


                         kipram                        2
1.Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects
• Classifying and Ranking IS Development
  Projects
   – Performed by top management, steering
     committee, business units of IS development
     group
   – Value chain analysis is often used
      • Method to analyze an organization’s activities to
        determine where value is added and costs are
        incurred



                       kipram                               3
– Process of considering short and long-term projects
– Projects most likely to achieve business objectives are
  selected
– Decision requires consideration of:
   •   Perceived and real needs
   •   Potential and ongoing projects
   •   Current organizational environment
   •   Existing and available resources
   •   Evaluation criteria




                        kipram                              4
• Selecting IS Development Projects
  – Outcomes
     •   Project Acceptance
     •   Project Rejection
     •   Delay
     •   Refocus
     •   End-User Development
     •   Proof of Concept




                      kipram          5
• Deliverables and Outcomes
   – Primary Deliverable
      • Schedule of specific IS development projects
   – Outcomes
      • Assurance that careful consideration was given to project
        selection
      • Clear understanding of project’s relation to organizational
        objectives
• Knowledge of overall organizational business
  strategy
   – Improves project selection and identification process
   – Provides sound guidance throughout the systems development
     life cycle

                           kipram                                     6
Corporate and Information Systems Planning

• Traditional Project            • Planning-Based Approach
  Identification and               to Project Identification
  Selection                        and Selection
                                    – Focuses on present and
   – Solves isolated                  future information needs
     problems                       – Information needs change
                                      slower than business
   – Focuses on business              processes
     processes
   – Does not easily allow
     for organizational
     change
                        kipram                                   7
• Need for plannin
  – Improperly planned projects result in systems
    that cannot be shared across an organization
  – As business processes change, lack of
    integration will hamper strategy and business
    process changes




                   kipram                           8
• Corporate Strategic Planning
  – Process of developing and refining models of
    the current and future enterprise as well as a
    transition strategy
  – Planning results in several outcomes
     • Mission Statement
     • Objective Statement
     • Competitive Strategy




                     kipram                          9
• Corporate Strategic Planning
  – Mission Statement
     • A statement that makes it clear what business a company is
       in
  – Objective Statement
     • A series of statements that express an organization’s
       qualitative and quantitative goals for reaching a desired
       future position
     • Objectives are critical success factors

• Corporate Strategic Planning
  – Competitive Strategy
     • The method by which an organization attempts to achieve
       its mission and objectives


                       kipram                                 10
2.Information Systems Planning (ISP)

  – An orderly means of assessing the information needs of
    an organization and defining the systems, databases and
    technologies that will best satisfy those needs
  – Three key activities:
     • Describe the Current Situation
     • Describe the Target (or Future) Situation
     • Develop a Transition Plan and Strategy




                         kipram                          11
a. Describing the Current Situation
   – Top-down Planning
      • Generic methodology that attempts to gain a broad
        understanding of the information system needs of the entire
        organization
   – Bottom-up Planning
      • Generic methodology that identifies and defines IS
        development projects based upon solving operational business
        problems or taking advantage of some business opportunities




                          kipram                                      12
- Planning team is chartered to model existing
  situation
- Identification of Organizational:
   •   Locations
   •   Units
   •   Functions
   •   Processes
   •   Data
   •   Information Systems




                        kipram                   13
- Matrices are developed to cross-reference
  units
   •   Location-to-Function
   •   Location-to-Unit
   •   Unit-to-Function
   •   Function-to-Objective
   •   Function-to-Process
   •   Function-to-Data Entity
   •   Process-to-Data Entity
   •   Process-to-Information System
   •   Data Entity-to-Information System
   •   Information System-to-Objective


                     kipram                   14
b. Describing the Target Situation
  – Update list of organizational locations, functions, etc. to
    reflect desired locations, functions, etc.
  – Matrices are updated to reflect future states
  – Planners focus on differences between current lists and
    matrices and future lists and matrices
c. Developing a Transition Strategy and Plans
  – Broad, comprehensive document that looks at both
    short and long-term organizational development needs
  – Consists of a series of projects




                        kipram                               15
Electronic Commerce Applications
• Development process for Internet projects is
  no different than other projects
• Special issues need to be taken into account
• Electronic Commerce (EC)
  – Internet based communication designed to
    support business activities




                   kipram                      16
Internet Development
• Internet
   – Worldwide network of networks used for electronic commerce
• Intranet
   – Internet-based communication to support business activities within
      a single organization
• Extranet
   – Internet-based communication to support business-to-business
      activities
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
   – The use of telecommunications technologies to transfer business
      documents directly between organizations
• Internet vs. Intranet/Extranet Apps
   – Intranet/Extranet – Developer knows how application will be run
      and used
   – Internet – Developer faces various unknowns
                            kipram                                   17
3. Assessing Proyect Feasibility
• Initiating and Planning System Development
  Projects
 • Project Initiation
    –   Establishment of project team
    –   Development of relationship with customer
    –   Project Initiation Plan
    –   Establishment of Management Procedures
    –   Establishment of Project Workbook and Project
        Management Environment
 • Project Planning
    – Defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed
      to complete each activity
                        kipram                             18
Initiating and Planning System
           Development Projects
• Deliverables and Outcomes
  – Baseline Project Plan (BPP)
     •   Scope
     •   Benefits
     •   Costs
     •   Risks
     •   Resources
  – Statement of Work (SOW)
     • Describes deliverables
     • Outlines work needed to be performed

                        kipram                19
Assessing Project Feasibility
• Six Categories
  –   Economic
  –   Technical
  –   Operational
  –   Schedule
  –   Legal and contractual
  –   Political

                     kipram        20
Assessing Economic Feasibility
• Cost – Benefit Analysis
• Determine Benefits
   – Tangible Benefits
      • Can be measured easily
          – Examples
              » Cost reduction and avoidance
              » Error reduction
              » Increased flexibility
              » Increased speed of activity
              » Improved management planning and control
              » Opening new markets and increasing sales opportunities


                           kipram                                        21
Assessing Economic Feasibility
  – Intangible Benefits
     • Cannot be measured easily
     • Examples
        –   Increased employee morale
        –   Competitive necessity
        –   More timely information
        –   Promotion of organizational learning and understanding

• Determine Costs
  – Tangible Costs
     • Can easily be measured in dollars
        – Example: Hardware
                         kipram                                      22
Assessing Economic Feasibility
• Determine Costs (Continued)
  – Intangible Costs
     • Cannot be easily measured in dollars
     • Examples:
        – Loss of customer goodwill
        – Loss of employee morale




                       kipram                 23
Assessing Economic Feasibility
 – One-Time Costs
   • Associated with project startup, initiation and
     development
   • Includes
      –   System Development
      –   New hardware and software purchases
      –   User training
      –   Site preparation
      –   Data or system conversion




                     kipram                            24
Assessing Economic Feasibility
 – Recurring Costs
    • Associated with ongoing use of the system
    • Includes:
        –   Application software maintenance
        –   Incremental data storage expense
        –   New software and hardware releases
        –   Consumable supplies
        –   Incremental communications
 – Time value of money (TVM)
    • The process of comparing present cash outlays to future
      expected returns

                          kipram                                25
Assessing Technical Feasibility
• Technical Feasibility
     • Assessment of the development organization’s
       ability to construct a proposed system
     • Project risk can be assessed based upon:
        –   Project size
        –   Project structure
        –   Development group’s experience with the application
        –   User group’s experience with development projects and
            the application area


                         kipram                                     26
Assessing Other Project Feasibility Concerns
• Operational Feasibility
   – Assessment of how a proposed system solves business
     problems or takes advantage of opportunities
• Schedule Feasibility
   – Assessment of time frame and project completion dates with
     respect to organization constraints for affecting change
• Legal and Contractual Feasibility
   – Assessment of legal and contractual ramifications of new
     system
• Political Feasibility
   – Assessment of key stakeholders in organization’s view
     toward proposed system


                         kipram                               27
Building the Baseline Project Plan
• Objectives
  – Assures that customer and development group have a
    complete understanding of the proposed system and
    requirements
  – Provides sponsoring organization with a clear idea of
    scope, benefits and duration of project
• Four Sections
  –   Introduction
  –   System Description
  –   Feasibility Assessment
  –   Management Issues

                        kipram                              28
Building the Baseline Project Plan

• Introduction
  – Brief overview
  – Recommended course of action
  – Project scope defined
     • Units affected
     • Who inside and outside the organization would be
       involved
     • Interaction with other systems
     • Range of system capabilities

                     kipram                               29
Building the Baseline Project Plan
• System Description
   – Outline of possible alternative solutions
   – Narrative format
• Feasibility Assessment
   – Project costs and benefits
   – Technical difficulties
   – High-level project schedules
• Management Issues
  – Outlines concerns that management may have about the
    project
  – Team composition
  – Communication plan
  – Project standards and procedures
                          kipram                           30
Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan
• Objectives
   – Assure conformity to organizational standards
   – All parties agree to continue with project

• Walkthrough
   – Peer group review
   – Participants
      • Coordinator
      • Presenter
      • User
      • Secretary
      • Standards Bearer
      • Maintenance Oracle
                           kipram                    31
Reviewing the Baseline Project
             Plan
• Walkthrough (continued)
  – Activities
     • Walkthrough Review Form
     • Individuals polled
     • Walkthrough Action List
  – Advantages
     • Assures that review occurs during project

                    kipram                         32
Summary
• Project Initiation
   –   Forming project initiation team
   –   Establishing customer relationships
   –   Developing a plan to get the project started
   –   Setting management procedures
   –   Creating an overall project management environment
• Baseline Project Plan (BPP)
   – Created during project initiation and planning

                        kipram                              33
kipram   34

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Introduction To Bpm Technology
Introduction To Bpm TechnologyIntroduction To Bpm Technology
Introduction To Bpm Technologymyalya
 
Process Documentation
Process DocumentationProcess Documentation
Process DocumentationJobaq
 
Garter. Project Manager 2014
Garter. Project Manager 2014Garter. Project Manager 2014
Garter. Project Manager 2014Vladimir Ivanov
 
How Project Portfolio Management Ties Leadership, Strategic IQ, and Organizat...
How Project Portfolio Management Ties Leadership, Strategic IQ, and Organizat...How Project Portfolio Management Ties Leadership, Strategic IQ, and Organizat...
How Project Portfolio Management Ties Leadership, Strategic IQ, and Organizat...Tim Washington
 
BPM CBOK And CBPP® Certification Overview
BPM CBOK And CBPP® Certification OverviewBPM CBOK And CBPP® Certification Overview
BPM CBOK And CBPP® Certification Overviewtjbenedi
 
Beyond Automation: Extracting Actionable Intelligence from Clinical Trials
Beyond Automation: Extracting Actionable Intelligence from Clinical TrialsBeyond Automation: Extracting Actionable Intelligence from Clinical Trials
Beyond Automation: Extracting Actionable Intelligence from Clinical TrialsMontrium
 
Software Project Management lecture 7
Software Project Management lecture 7Software Project Management lecture 7
Software Project Management lecture 7Syed Muhammad Hammad
 
Portfolio Mgt Presentation
Portfolio Mgt PresentationPortfolio Mgt Presentation
Portfolio Mgt PresentationCarolyn Reid
 
Managing the information system project
Managing the information system projectManaging the information system project
Managing the information system projectalpha1unity
 
Corporater at BSC and Strategy Forum - March 2013
Corporater at BSC and Strategy Forum - March 2013Corporater at BSC and Strategy Forum - March 2013
Corporater at BSC and Strategy Forum - March 2013Pedro S. Pereira
 
Software Project Management (lecture 2)
Software Project Management (lecture 2)Software Project Management (lecture 2)
Software Project Management (lecture 2)Syed Muhammad Hammad
 
Software Project Management lecture 8
Software Project Management lecture 8Software Project Management lecture 8
Software Project Management lecture 8Syed Muhammad Hammad
 

Tendances (17)

Introduction To Bpm Technology
Introduction To Bpm TechnologyIntroduction To Bpm Technology
Introduction To Bpm Technology
 
Process Documentation
Process DocumentationProcess Documentation
Process Documentation
 
Garter. Project Manager 2014
Garter. Project Manager 2014Garter. Project Manager 2014
Garter. Project Manager 2014
 
How Project Portfolio Management Ties Leadership, Strategic IQ, and Organizat...
How Project Portfolio Management Ties Leadership, Strategic IQ, and Organizat...How Project Portfolio Management Ties Leadership, Strategic IQ, and Organizat...
How Project Portfolio Management Ties Leadership, Strategic IQ, and Organizat...
 
BPM CBOK And CBPP® Certification Overview
BPM CBOK And CBPP® Certification OverviewBPM CBOK And CBPP® Certification Overview
BPM CBOK And CBPP® Certification Overview
 
Beyond Automation: Extracting Actionable Intelligence from Clinical Trials
Beyond Automation: Extracting Actionable Intelligence from Clinical TrialsBeyond Automation: Extracting Actionable Intelligence from Clinical Trials
Beyond Automation: Extracting Actionable Intelligence from Clinical Trials
 
Software Project Management lecture 7
Software Project Management lecture 7Software Project Management lecture 7
Software Project Management lecture 7
 
Portfolio Mgt Presentation
Portfolio Mgt PresentationPortfolio Mgt Presentation
Portfolio Mgt Presentation
 
Mg6088 spm unit-1
Mg6088 spm unit-1Mg6088 spm unit-1
Mg6088 spm unit-1
 
Ranking portfolio initiatives, Bernard Marshall, june 2012
Ranking portfolio initiatives, Bernard Marshall, june 2012Ranking portfolio initiatives, Bernard Marshall, june 2012
Ranking portfolio initiatives, Bernard Marshall, june 2012
 
Agile pgm
Agile pgmAgile pgm
Agile pgm
 
Managing the information system project
Managing the information system projectManaging the information system project
Managing the information system project
 
MCP4
MCP4MCP4
MCP4
 
Workflow tecnologies
Workflow tecnologiesWorkflow tecnologies
Workflow tecnologies
 
Corporater at BSC and Strategy Forum - March 2013
Corporater at BSC and Strategy Forum - March 2013Corporater at BSC and Strategy Forum - March 2013
Corporater at BSC and Strategy Forum - March 2013
 
Software Project Management (lecture 2)
Software Project Management (lecture 2)Software Project Management (lecture 2)
Software Project Management (lecture 2)
 
Software Project Management lecture 8
Software Project Management lecture 8Software Project Management lecture 8
Software Project Management lecture 8
 

En vedette

Rsi 9 normalisasi dan buble
Rsi 9 normalisasi dan bubleRsi 9 normalisasi dan buble
Rsi 9 normalisasi dan bubledonasiilmu
 
Materi rsi 7 permodelan proses
Materi rsi 7 permodelan prosesMateri rsi 7 permodelan proses
Materi rsi 7 permodelan prosesdonasiilmu
 
Plugin ch12edited-ok
Plugin ch12edited-okPlugin ch12edited-ok
Plugin ch12edited-okdonasiilmu
 
Plugin ch12edited-ok
Plugin ch12edited-okPlugin ch12edited-ok
Plugin ch12edited-okdonasiilmu
 
Modul pemrogramanvisualdelphi(2)
Modul pemrogramanvisualdelphi(2)Modul pemrogramanvisualdelphi(2)
Modul pemrogramanvisualdelphi(2)donasiilmu
 
Materi kuliah rsi 2 case dan model data
Materi kuliah rsi 2 case dan model dataMateri kuliah rsi 2 case dan model data
Materi kuliah rsi 2 case dan model datadonasiilmu
 
Bab 9 class dan object diagram 2010
Bab 9 class dan object diagram 2010Bab 9 class dan object diagram 2010
Bab 9 class dan object diagram 2010donasiilmu
 
서울시대안교육센터 언젠가학교2기 꿈꾸는아이들의학교
서울시대안교육센터 언젠가학교2기 꿈꾸는아이들의학교서울시대안교육센터 언젠가학교2기 꿈꾸는아이들의학교
서울시대안교육센터 언젠가학교2기 꿈꾸는아이들의학교Juhee Park
 
Presentation2
Presentation2Presentation2
Presentation2bryttann
 
Materi rsi 6 analisa bid bisnis
Materi rsi 6 analisa bid bisnisMateri rsi 6 analisa bid bisnis
Materi rsi 6 analisa bid bisnisdonasiilmu
 

En vedette (20)

Rsi 9 normalisasi dan buble
Rsi 9 normalisasi dan bubleRsi 9 normalisasi dan buble
Rsi 9 normalisasi dan buble
 
Materi rsi 7 permodelan proses
Materi rsi 7 permodelan prosesMateri rsi 7 permodelan proses
Materi rsi 7 permodelan proses
 
Rsi 13
Rsi 13Rsi 13
Rsi 13
 
Uas
UasUas
Uas
 
Plugin ch12edited-ok
Plugin ch12edited-okPlugin ch12edited-ok
Plugin ch12edited-ok
 
Plugin ch12edited-ok
Plugin ch12edited-okPlugin ch12edited-ok
Plugin ch12edited-ok
 
Pertemuan10
Pertemuan10Pertemuan10
Pertemuan10
 
Modul pemrogramanvisualdelphi(2)
Modul pemrogramanvisualdelphi(2)Modul pemrogramanvisualdelphi(2)
Modul pemrogramanvisualdelphi(2)
 
Rsi 14
Rsi 14Rsi 14
Rsi 14
 
Materi kuliah rsi 2 case dan model data
Materi kuliah rsi 2 case dan model dataMateri kuliah rsi 2 case dan model data
Materi kuliah rsi 2 case dan model data
 
Bab 9 class dan object diagram 2010
Bab 9 class dan object diagram 2010Bab 9 class dan object diagram 2010
Bab 9 class dan object diagram 2010
 
Uts
UtsUts
Uts
 
11
1111
11
 
서울시대안교육센터 언젠가학교2기 꿈꾸는아이들의학교
서울시대안교육센터 언젠가학교2기 꿈꾸는아이들의학교서울시대안교육센터 언젠가학교2기 꿈꾸는아이들의학교
서울시대안교육센터 언젠가학교2기 꿈꾸는아이들의학교
 
Presentation2
Presentation2Presentation2
Presentation2
 
Homework pag 121
Homework pag 121Homework pag 121
Homework pag 121
 
Belastingplan 2012
Belastingplan 2012Belastingplan 2012
Belastingplan 2012
 
Halophilic vibriosjp
Halophilic vibriosjpHalophilic vibriosjp
Halophilic vibriosjp
 
Materi rsi 6 analisa bid bisnis
Materi rsi 6 analisa bid bisnisMateri rsi 6 analisa bid bisnis
Materi rsi 6 analisa bid bisnis
 
Pertemuan12
Pertemuan12Pertemuan12
Pertemuan12
 

Similaire à Bab 2 identi dan seleksi 2010

Bab 1 pendahuluan 2010
Bab 1 pendahuluan 2010Bab 1 pendahuluan 2010
Bab 1 pendahuluan 2010donasiilmu
 
chapter02-120827115348-phpapp01.pdf
chapter02-120827115348-phpapp01.pdfchapter02-120827115348-phpapp01.pdf
chapter02-120827115348-phpapp01.pdfAxmedMaxamuud6
 
System and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management.pptx
System and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management.pptxSystem and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management.pptx
System and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management.pptxPangeranSilalahi
 
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case .pptx
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case .pptxChapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case .pptx
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case .pptxAxmedMaxamuudYoonis
 
L15 managing projects(1)
L15 managing projects(1)L15 managing projects(1)
L15 managing projects(1)Nikhil Saxena
 
Career Sessions OM SCM
Career Sessions OM SCMCareer Sessions OM SCM
Career Sessions OM SCMSupportGCI
 
Operations and Supply Chain CC
Operations and Supply Chain CCOperations and Supply Chain CC
Operations and Supply Chain CCSupportGCI
 
Career Sessions OPS/SCM
Career Sessions OPS/SCMCareer Sessions OPS/SCM
Career Sessions OPS/SCMSupportGCI
 
HI600 U02_inst_slides
HI600 U02_inst_slides HI600 U02_inst_slides
HI600 U02_inst_slides ljmcneill33
 
Merger Implementation Steps+Issues
Merger Implementation Steps+IssuesMerger Implementation Steps+Issues
Merger Implementation Steps+IssuesHal Amens
 
10 - Project Management
10 - Project Management10 - Project Management
10 - Project ManagementRaymond Gao
 
Sabrion_Consulting_Overview CPG Retail Apparel.pdf
Sabrion_Consulting_Overview CPG Retail Apparel.pdfSabrion_Consulting_Overview CPG Retail Apparel.pdf
Sabrion_Consulting_Overview CPG Retail Apparel.pdfBrion Carroll (II)
 

Similaire à Bab 2 identi dan seleksi 2010 (20)

Chapter 02
Chapter 02Chapter 02
Chapter 02
 
Chapter 04
Chapter 04Chapter 04
Chapter 04
 
Bab 1 pendahuluan 2010
Bab 1 pendahuluan 2010Bab 1 pendahuluan 2010
Bab 1 pendahuluan 2010
 
ch11.ppt
ch11.pptch11.ppt
ch11.ppt
 
chapter02-120827115348-phpapp01.pdf
chapter02-120827115348-phpapp01.pdfchapter02-120827115348-phpapp01.pdf
chapter02-120827115348-phpapp01.pdf
 
System and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management.pptx
System and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management.pptxSystem and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management.pptx
System and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management.pptx
 
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case .pptx
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case .pptxChapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case .pptx
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case .pptx
 
Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture
 
L15 managing projects(1)
L15 managing projects(1)L15 managing projects(1)
L15 managing projects(1)
 
Career Sessions OM SCM
Career Sessions OM SCMCareer Sessions OM SCM
Career Sessions OM SCM
 
Operations and Supply Chain CC
Operations and Supply Chain CCOperations and Supply Chain CC
Operations and Supply Chain CC
 
Career Sessions OPS/SCM
Career Sessions OPS/SCMCareer Sessions OPS/SCM
Career Sessions OPS/SCM
 
OM SCM
OM SCMOM SCM
OM SCM
 
HI600 U02_inst_slides
HI600 U02_inst_slides HI600 U02_inst_slides
HI600 U02_inst_slides
 
Ism 4
Ism 4Ism 4
Ism 4
 
Merger Implementation Steps+Issues
Merger Implementation Steps+IssuesMerger Implementation Steps+Issues
Merger Implementation Steps+Issues
 
Chapter01
Chapter01Chapter01
Chapter01
 
10 - Project Management
10 - Project Management10 - Project Management
10 - Project Management
 
Sabrion_Consulting_Overview CPG Retail Apparel.pdf
Sabrion_Consulting_Overview CPG Retail Apparel.pdfSabrion_Consulting_Overview CPG Retail Apparel.pdf
Sabrion_Consulting_Overview CPG Retail Apparel.pdf
 
Proj Mgmt.ppt
Proj Mgmt.pptProj Mgmt.ppt
Proj Mgmt.ppt
 

Plus de donasiilmu

Plus de donasiilmu (20)

Penjelasan strukturdata
Penjelasan strukturdataPenjelasan strukturdata
Penjelasan strukturdata
 
Isi
IsiIsi
Isi
 
Dftr isi
Dftr isiDftr isi
Dftr isi
 
Pengantar
PengantarPengantar
Pengantar
 
9 materisim komputer
9 materisim komputer9 materisim komputer
9 materisim komputer
 
Interaksi manusia dan komputer
Interaksi manusia dan komputerInteraksi manusia dan komputer
Interaksi manusia dan komputer
 
Makalah jaringan-komputer2
Makalah jaringan-komputer2Makalah jaringan-komputer2
Makalah jaringan-komputer2
 
Makalah jaringan-komputer2
Makalah jaringan-komputer2Makalah jaringan-komputer2
Makalah jaringan-komputer2
 
Apsi
ApsiApsi
Apsi
 
Data flow diagram
Data flow diagramData flow diagram
Data flow diagram
 
Erd
ErdErd
Erd
 
Norma lisasi
Norma lisasiNorma lisasi
Norma lisasi
 
Pertemuan4
Pertemuan4Pertemuan4
Pertemuan4
 
Pertemuan5
Pertemuan5Pertemuan5
Pertemuan5
 
Pertemuan6
Pertemuan6Pertemuan6
Pertemuan6
 
Pertemuan7
Pertemuan7Pertemuan7
Pertemuan7
 
Pertemuan9
Pertemuan9Pertemuan9
Pertemuan9
 
Pertemuan10
Pertemuan10Pertemuan10
Pertemuan10
 
Pertemuan11
Pertemuan11Pertemuan11
Pertemuan11
 
Pertemuan13
Pertemuan13Pertemuan13
Pertemuan13
 

Dernier

How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 

Dernier (20)

How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 

Bab 2 identi dan seleksi 2010

  • 1. BAB II Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects • Sources of projects – Management and business units – Managers who want to make a system more efficient or less costly – Formal planning groups kipram 1
  • 2. • Projects are identified by – Top management – Steering committee – User departments – Development group or senior IS staff • Top-Down Identification – Senior management or steering committee – Focus is on global needs of organization • Bottom-up Identification – Business unit or IS group – Don’t reflect overall goals of the organization kipram 2
  • 3. 1.Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects • Classifying and Ranking IS Development Projects – Performed by top management, steering committee, business units of IS development group – Value chain analysis is often used • Method to analyze an organization’s activities to determine where value is added and costs are incurred kipram 3
  • 4. – Process of considering short and long-term projects – Projects most likely to achieve business objectives are selected – Decision requires consideration of: • Perceived and real needs • Potential and ongoing projects • Current organizational environment • Existing and available resources • Evaluation criteria kipram 4
  • 5. • Selecting IS Development Projects – Outcomes • Project Acceptance • Project Rejection • Delay • Refocus • End-User Development • Proof of Concept kipram 5
  • 6. • Deliverables and Outcomes – Primary Deliverable • Schedule of specific IS development projects – Outcomes • Assurance that careful consideration was given to project selection • Clear understanding of project’s relation to organizational objectives • Knowledge of overall organizational business strategy – Improves project selection and identification process – Provides sound guidance throughout the systems development life cycle kipram 6
  • 7. Corporate and Information Systems Planning • Traditional Project • Planning-Based Approach Identification and to Project Identification Selection and Selection – Focuses on present and – Solves isolated future information needs problems – Information needs change slower than business – Focuses on business processes processes – Does not easily allow for organizational change kipram 7
  • 8. • Need for plannin – Improperly planned projects result in systems that cannot be shared across an organization – As business processes change, lack of integration will hamper strategy and business process changes kipram 8
  • 9. • Corporate Strategic Planning – Process of developing and refining models of the current and future enterprise as well as a transition strategy – Planning results in several outcomes • Mission Statement • Objective Statement • Competitive Strategy kipram 9
  • 10. • Corporate Strategic Planning – Mission Statement • A statement that makes it clear what business a company is in – Objective Statement • A series of statements that express an organization’s qualitative and quantitative goals for reaching a desired future position • Objectives are critical success factors • Corporate Strategic Planning – Competitive Strategy • The method by which an organization attempts to achieve its mission and objectives kipram 10
  • 11. 2.Information Systems Planning (ISP) – An orderly means of assessing the information needs of an organization and defining the systems, databases and technologies that will best satisfy those needs – Three key activities: • Describe the Current Situation • Describe the Target (or Future) Situation • Develop a Transition Plan and Strategy kipram 11
  • 12. a. Describing the Current Situation – Top-down Planning • Generic methodology that attempts to gain a broad understanding of the information system needs of the entire organization – Bottom-up Planning • Generic methodology that identifies and defines IS development projects based upon solving operational business problems or taking advantage of some business opportunities kipram 12
  • 13. - Planning team is chartered to model existing situation - Identification of Organizational: • Locations • Units • Functions • Processes • Data • Information Systems kipram 13
  • 14. - Matrices are developed to cross-reference units • Location-to-Function • Location-to-Unit • Unit-to-Function • Function-to-Objective • Function-to-Process • Function-to-Data Entity • Process-to-Data Entity • Process-to-Information System • Data Entity-to-Information System • Information System-to-Objective kipram 14
  • 15. b. Describing the Target Situation – Update list of organizational locations, functions, etc. to reflect desired locations, functions, etc. – Matrices are updated to reflect future states – Planners focus on differences between current lists and matrices and future lists and matrices c. Developing a Transition Strategy and Plans – Broad, comprehensive document that looks at both short and long-term organizational development needs – Consists of a series of projects kipram 15
  • 16. Electronic Commerce Applications • Development process for Internet projects is no different than other projects • Special issues need to be taken into account • Electronic Commerce (EC) – Internet based communication designed to support business activities kipram 16
  • 17. Internet Development • Internet – Worldwide network of networks used for electronic commerce • Intranet – Internet-based communication to support business activities within a single organization • Extranet – Internet-based communication to support business-to-business activities • Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) – The use of telecommunications technologies to transfer business documents directly between organizations • Internet vs. Intranet/Extranet Apps – Intranet/Extranet – Developer knows how application will be run and used – Internet – Developer faces various unknowns kipram 17
  • 18. 3. Assessing Proyect Feasibility • Initiating and Planning System Development Projects • Project Initiation – Establishment of project team – Development of relationship with customer – Project Initiation Plan – Establishment of Management Procedures – Establishment of Project Workbook and Project Management Environment • Project Planning – Defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity kipram 18
  • 19. Initiating and Planning System Development Projects • Deliverables and Outcomes – Baseline Project Plan (BPP) • Scope • Benefits • Costs • Risks • Resources – Statement of Work (SOW) • Describes deliverables • Outlines work needed to be performed kipram 19
  • 20. Assessing Project Feasibility • Six Categories – Economic – Technical – Operational – Schedule – Legal and contractual – Political kipram 20
  • 21. Assessing Economic Feasibility • Cost – Benefit Analysis • Determine Benefits – Tangible Benefits • Can be measured easily – Examples » Cost reduction and avoidance » Error reduction » Increased flexibility » Increased speed of activity » Improved management planning and control » Opening new markets and increasing sales opportunities kipram 21
  • 22. Assessing Economic Feasibility – Intangible Benefits • Cannot be measured easily • Examples – Increased employee morale – Competitive necessity – More timely information – Promotion of organizational learning and understanding • Determine Costs – Tangible Costs • Can easily be measured in dollars – Example: Hardware kipram 22
  • 23. Assessing Economic Feasibility • Determine Costs (Continued) – Intangible Costs • Cannot be easily measured in dollars • Examples: – Loss of customer goodwill – Loss of employee morale kipram 23
  • 24. Assessing Economic Feasibility – One-Time Costs • Associated with project startup, initiation and development • Includes – System Development – New hardware and software purchases – User training – Site preparation – Data or system conversion kipram 24
  • 25. Assessing Economic Feasibility – Recurring Costs • Associated with ongoing use of the system • Includes: – Application software maintenance – Incremental data storage expense – New software and hardware releases – Consumable supplies – Incremental communications – Time value of money (TVM) • The process of comparing present cash outlays to future expected returns kipram 25
  • 26. Assessing Technical Feasibility • Technical Feasibility • Assessment of the development organization’s ability to construct a proposed system • Project risk can be assessed based upon: – Project size – Project structure – Development group’s experience with the application – User group’s experience with development projects and the application area kipram 26
  • 27. Assessing Other Project Feasibility Concerns • Operational Feasibility – Assessment of how a proposed system solves business problems or takes advantage of opportunities • Schedule Feasibility – Assessment of time frame and project completion dates with respect to organization constraints for affecting change • Legal and Contractual Feasibility – Assessment of legal and contractual ramifications of new system • Political Feasibility – Assessment of key stakeholders in organization’s view toward proposed system kipram 27
  • 28. Building the Baseline Project Plan • Objectives – Assures that customer and development group have a complete understanding of the proposed system and requirements – Provides sponsoring organization with a clear idea of scope, benefits and duration of project • Four Sections – Introduction – System Description – Feasibility Assessment – Management Issues kipram 28
  • 29. Building the Baseline Project Plan • Introduction – Brief overview – Recommended course of action – Project scope defined • Units affected • Who inside and outside the organization would be involved • Interaction with other systems • Range of system capabilities kipram 29
  • 30. Building the Baseline Project Plan • System Description – Outline of possible alternative solutions – Narrative format • Feasibility Assessment – Project costs and benefits – Technical difficulties – High-level project schedules • Management Issues – Outlines concerns that management may have about the project – Team composition – Communication plan – Project standards and procedures kipram 30
  • 31. Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan • Objectives – Assure conformity to organizational standards – All parties agree to continue with project • Walkthrough – Peer group review – Participants • Coordinator • Presenter • User • Secretary • Standards Bearer • Maintenance Oracle kipram 31
  • 32. Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan • Walkthrough (continued) – Activities • Walkthrough Review Form • Individuals polled • Walkthrough Action List – Advantages • Assures that review occurs during project kipram 32
  • 33. Summary • Project Initiation – Forming project initiation team – Establishing customer relationships – Developing a plan to get the project started – Setting management procedures – Creating an overall project management environment • Baseline Project Plan (BPP) – Created during project initiation and planning kipram 33
  • 34. kipram 34