The document discusses various therapies and interventions for treating trauma in children, including EMDR, brainspotting, trauma-sensitive yoga, biofeedback therapy, equine therapy, and expressive arts. It provides examples of different types of traumatic experiences as well as how trauma can impact child development in domains such as attachment, physical health, affect regulation, behavior, cognition, and self-concept. Several therapists are also listed that provide trauma-focused services in the local area.
2. “Overwhelming, uncontrollable experiences that
psychologically impact victims by creating in them
feelings of helplessness, vulnerability, loss of safety
and loss of control”
Beverly James
Treating Traumatized children:
New Insights and Creative Interventions
3. EXAMPLES OF BIG T
Traumas
Domestic Violence
Accidents (Car, athletic, etc.)
Violence/Crimes (shootings,
robberies, etc.)
Childhood Sexual Abuse
Rape/Sexual Assault
Bullying
Mental Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Spiritual Abuse
War
Abandonment
Witnessing any of the above
EXAMPLES OF Little ‘t’
Traumas
Arguments
Being teased
Being picked last for a team
Death of a pet
Moving
Witnessing any of the above
4. Simple: occurs as a result of a single
incident, such as an auto accident or fire.
Complex: occurs as a result of repeated
incidents, such as sexual abuse and
domestic violence.
5.
6. “Trauma by definition involves speechless
terror: patients often are simply unable to
put what they feel into words and are left
with intense emotions simply without
being able to articulate what’s going on.”
Bessel Van der Kolk 2002
7. Domain of Development:
ATTACHMENT
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Difficulty trusting others
Uncertain about the
reliability/predictability of others
Interpersonal difficulty
Social isolation
Difficulty seeking help
Clingy, difficulty with separations
8. Domain of Development:
PHYSICAL
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Sensorimotor development
problems
Hypersensitivity to physical
contact
Somatization
Increased medical problems
Problems with coordination and
balance
9. Domain of Development:
AFFECT
REGULATION
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Problems with emotional regulation
Easily upset and/or difficulty calming
Difficulty describing emotions and
internal experiences
Difficulty knowing and describing
internal states
Problems with communicating needs
10. Domain of Development:
BEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Poor impulse control
Self-destructive behavior
Aggressive behavior
Oppositional behavior
Excessive compliance
Sleep disturbance
Eating disorders
Reenactment of traumatic event/past
Pathological self-soothing practices
11. Domain of Development:
COGNITION
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Difficulty paying attention
Lack of sustained curiosity
Problems processing information
Problems focusing on/completing
tasks
Difficulty planning and anticipating
consequences
Learning difficulties, developmental
delays
Problems with language development
12. Domain of Development:
SELF-CONCEPT
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Lack of continuous/predictable sense
of self
Poor sense of separateness
Disturbance of body image
Low self-esteem
Shame and guilt
13.
14.
15.
16. “The practice of yoga only
requires us to act and to be
attentive in our actions.”
T. K. V. Desikachar
17. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Therapy
Developed by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D.
Websites: www.emdr.com
www. emdria.org
18. Developed by David Grand, Ph.D.
Website:
www.brainspottinginternational.org
19. Developed by Lisa Schwarz, M.Ed.
Website: www.comprehensiveresourcemodel.com
22. Cook, A., Blaustein, M., Spinazzola, J., & van der Kolk, B. Eds., (2003). Complex trauma in children
and adolescents: White paper. National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Retrieved July 2005 from
http://www.NCTSN.org/
Corrigan F, Grand D. Brainspotting: Recruiting the midbrain for accessing and healing sensorimotor
memories of traumatic activation. Med Hypotheses (2013),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.03.005
Emerson, D., & Hopper, E. (2011). Overcoming Trauma through Yoga. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic
Books.
Emerson, D., Sharma, R., Chaudhry, S., & Turner, J. (2009). Trauma-sensitive yoga: Principles,
practice, and research. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 19, 123-128.
Emerson, D., & Turner, J. (2009). Toward becoming a trauma-sensitive yoga teacher. Paper presented
at Trauma Sensitive Yoga for Yoga Teachers and Clinicians Training, Stockbridge, MA.
Farb NAS, Segal ZV, Anderson AK (2013). Mindfulness meditation training alters cortical
representations of interoceptive attention. Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(1), 15-26.
Grand, David (2013). Brainspotting: The Revolutionary New Therapy for Rapid and Effective Change.
Sounds True. ISBN 978-1-60407-943-2.
23. Hepburn, Kathy S. Center for ECMHC , Georgetown University. Recognizing and Addressing Trauma
in Infants, Young Children, and Their Families
Huso, Deborah R., Treating Child Abuse Trauma with EMDR, Social Work Today, vol. 10, No. 2, p. 20.
Kinniburgh, Blaustein, Spinazzola & van der Kolk, 2005, Psychiatric Annals, pp. 424-430. Attachment,
Self-Regulation & Competency
Levine, Peter A. (2004) It Won’t Hurt Forever. http://www.traumahealing.com
Malchiodi, C. (2012, March 6). Trauma-informed expressive arts therapy. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from
Psychology Today: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-healing-arts/201203/trauma-informed-
expressive-arts-therapy
McGuinness, V. (2001). Integrating play therapy and EMDR with children. EMDRResources.com.
24. Nordqvist, Joseph. What is Biofeedback Therapy?, Medical News Today. September 11, 2014.
Phelps, Don. (2012) Therapeutic Use of Expressive Arts With Children. Retrieved from
http://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/exc_020712.shtml
Schultz PN, Remick-Barlow GA, Robbins L. Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP): a mental health
promotion/intervention modality for children who have experienced intra-family violence.
2007 May;15(3):265-71.
Schwarz, Lisa. The Comprehensive Resource Model. http://www.comprehensiveresourcemodel.com
Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and
procedures (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
van der Kolk B. A., Stone L., West J., Rhodes A., Emerson D., Suvak M., et al. (2014). Yoga as an
adjunctive treatment for PTSD. J. Clin. Psychiatry 75 e559–e565. 10.4088/JCP.13m08561