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slxn]sfxLF u}8fsf] l;sf/ x'g' k/]sf] 36gf ;'Gg kfOG5 . o; jif{ dfq} u}8fsf]
F F
cfqmd0fsf sf/0f To; If]qdf Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . t/ o:tf 36gfsf]
hfgsf/L ;~rf/sf] ;'ljwf ePsf ;x/ / ;x/cf;kf;sf If]qaf6 dfq cfpg]
u/]sf] 5 . d'nssf] b'ud ufpFdf jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 d[To' ePsf] hfgsf/L
' {
cfpg' lgs} sl7g x'G5 / To;k|lt sltko dflg;sf] rf;f] klg /x]sf] x'bg . F}
h] eP klg jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 eO/x]sf] hgwgsf] Iflt lgoGq0fsf nflu
;/sf/n] ljz]if /0fgLlt clVtof/ ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . plrt ;/sf/L
k|of;af6 dfq} h}ljs ljljwtf tyf dfgj hgwgsf] Ifltsf] /f]syfd ug{
;lsG5 . oBlk h}ljs ljljwtfsf] Bf]tssf ¿kdf /x]sf o:tf jGohGt'sf]
;+/If0f ug'{ dflg;sf] bfloTj g} xf], t/ ltgLx¿af6 x'g] cfqmd0flj¿4 cfˆgf]
k|lt/Iff ug'{ klg clwsf/ xf] . t}klg jGohGt'sf] l;sf/ ug'eGbf ltgLx¿sf]
{
cfqmd0faf6 aRg] pkfosf] vf]hL ug'{ jftfj/0fLo tyf kl/l:yltsLo b[li6sf]0fn]
;fGble{s x'g5 . jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0f x'g;Sg] If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ ;d'bfon]
]
;fjwfgL ckgfP/ cfˆgf] ;'/Iff ug'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu lgDg ljifodf
{
Wofg lbPdf klg jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg ;xof]u ldN5 M
g/eIfL af3 ePsf] hªun 5]p5fp a;f]af; ug]{ ufpFnn] laxfg} jf
]
/flt 3/af6 aflx/ lgl:sg x'bg . h¿/L sfd k/]/ lgl:sg' k/]df
F}
5/l5d]sLsf] ;xof]udf ;d"xdf dfq lgl:sg'k5{ .
dlxnf, afnaflnsf, a"9fa'9LnfO{ PSn} jgleq / jgsf] 5]p5fp hfg
lbg' x'bg .
F}
3/ jf ufpF 5]p5fpsf] jgdf af3 ePsf] cfef; ePdf 3/kfn'jf
hgfj/sf uf]7 jf vf]/ alnof] agfpg'k5{ jf cfjZos ;'/Iffsf]
Joj:yf ug'k5{ .
{
af3nfO{ a:tLlt/ cfpg glbg dflg;sf] jf cGo cfsf/sf k'Tnf
agfP/ v]taf/L, 3/uf]7 5]p5fp /fVg'k5{, To;f] ugf{n] af3 jf cGo
{

jGohGt' klg cfjf; If]qleq k|jz ug{ 8/fpg ;S5g .
]
;/sf/L bfloTj
jftfj/0fLo tyf kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0fsf lx;fan] klg jGohGt'sf]
;+/If0f ug'{ h¿/L 5 . nf]kf]Gd'v / ;ªs6fkGg jGohGt' t s'g} Ps b]zsf
nflu dfq ;Dkbfsf ¿kdf /xg] cj:yf gePsfn] o:tf jGohGt'nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o
;Dkbfsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] o:tf b'ne jGohGt'sf]
{
l;sf/ ug'{ jf dflg;dfly cfqmd0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfl/xfNg' klg pko'Qm
x'bg . To;}n] jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0f x'g;Sg] If]qdf ;/sf/n] ljz]if ;'/Iff
F}
k|aGw ug'{ ;/sf/sf] bfloTj x'g cfpF5 . s'g jGohGt'n] s'g If]qdf s'g
;dodf cfqmd0f u5{g eGg] cWoog ljZn]if0faf6 hf]lvdsf] klxrfg u/L
ltgLx¿nfO{ dfgja:tLleq k:g glbg ckgfpg' kg]{ ;ts{tf tyf pkfosf]
lgwf{/0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] h}ljs dfu{ lgwf{/0f u/L
dflg;sf] k|jz jf cltqmd0f lgif]lwt If]q lgwf{/0f ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . gful/ssf]
]
;'/Iffsf nflu jGohGt' lgoGq0f b:tfsf ¿kdf hgkb jf z;:q k|x/LnfO{
tflnd lbnfpg] / To:tf] bIf hgzlQmnfO{ ;Defljt hf]lvdsf If]qdf kl/rfng
ug]{ Joj:yf u/]df hgtfn] ;'/Iffsf] cg'el" t ug{ kfpg] 5g .
jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L d/]sfsf nflu plrt Ifltk"lt{ lbg], 3fOt]sf]
pkrf/sf] k|efjsf/L aGbf]a:t ug]{ / Iflt ePsf] wgdfnsf] plrt Ifltk"lt{
pknAw u/fpg] h:tf Joj:yf ug'{ klg ;/sf/sf] bfloTjleq g} k5{ . To;}n]
o:tf] ljifodf ;/sf/n] cfjZos gLlt / lgod agfpg' h¿/L 5 . To;sf]
nflu ;/sf/n] ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo tyf ;j{;fwf/0f;Fu k/fdz{
u/L ;'emj ;ªsng ug'k5{ .
{

{

/f;folgs b'36gf tyf
{
o;af6 aRg] pkfo
ljZjdf 7"N7"nf pBf]usf] :yfkgf ePsf 5g . o'/l] god k|zf]wg u/L cf0fljs
pmhf{ pTkfbg ug]{ dfq xf]Og, o'4sf nflu pkof]u x'g] xltof/ klg pTkfbg
ug]{ k|rng a9b} uPsf] 5 . k"jL{ / klZrdL d'nsaLr a9b} uPsf] j}rfl/s
'
lje]bsf sf/0f rn]sf] ;}4flGts emu8fn] o'4sf] ¿k lng]5g eGg ;lsg]
}
cj:yf /x]sf] klg 5}g .
ljZjn] k|frLgsfnb]lv g} o'4sf] kL8f ef]Ub} cfPsf] 5 . k|frLg o'udf ePsf
wfld{s o'4n] clxn] klg d'lQm kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ljZjJofkL ¿kdf cftªs
dRrfO/x]sf] cnsfobf gfds ;ªu7gn] jt{dfg o'udf klg wfld{s o'4sf]
gfddf ljZjdf ;ªs6 pTkGg ul//x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts ¿kdf rn]sf] zlQmsf]
xf]8sf sf/0f ljZjn] klxnf] / bf];f]| o'4sf] kL8f klg ef]lu;s]sf] 5 . bf];f]|
ljZjo'4df cd]l/sfn] hfkfgdfly v;fn]sf] cf0fljs adn] u/]sf] ljgfznfO{
ljZjs} b'ef{Uosf] ¿kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf] o'4 km]l/ klg gxf]nf eGg
;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . oltv]/ cd]l/sfn] O/fsdfly u/]sf] cfqmd0fn] klg efjL
ljZjo'4sf] vfsf tof/ u/]sf] xf] ls eGg] cfzªsf pTkGg ePsf] kfOG5 .
o;sf ;fy} ljZjdf cGtb]zLo tyf cG/f{li6«o ¿ksf ;fgf–7"nf o'4 rln/x]sf
{
5g . o; qmddf ljleGg k|sf/sf xltof/sf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5, h;df s'g} g
s'g} k|sf/sf] /f;folgs tTjsf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . ;dfhdf ljb|fx x'bf,
] F
;fd'lxs emu8f x'bf jf ;/sf/ / ;dfhsf Ot/kIfaLr em8k x'bf k|of]u x'g]
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c>'Uof;nfO{ klg /f;folgs xltof/sf] k|of]usf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . ;fdfGo
¿kdf o; Uof;n] dflg;sf] cfFvfdf dfq k|efj k/]sf] cg'el" t eP klg o:tf]
Uof; lg/Gt/ k|of]u eO/xFbf To;n] bL3{sfnLg k|efj kf5{ eGg] lj1x¿sf]
egfOnfO{ cjx]ngf ug{ ldNb}g . o;/L ljZjdf rln/x]sf] zlQmsf] xf]8 / To;
k|lqmofdf k|of]u x'g] /;folgs xftxltof/n] k|sf]kpGd'v cj:yfsf] pTklQ
u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] dflg;åf/f pTkfbg ePsf /;fogsf] k|of]usf sf/0f pTkGg
x'g] k|sf]knfO{ /f;folgs k|sf]k elgG5 eg] pmhf{ tyf /f;folgs kbfy{
{

pTkfbg ug]{ 7"nf pBf]udf s'g} sf/0fn] b'36gf eP/ hgwgsf] Iflt ePdf
{
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{ {
r'xfj6 x'g] jf cGo /f;folgs tTjsf] r'xfj6 eP/ dfgjLo Ifltsf ;fy}
jftfj/0f klg g/fd|/L k|bl" ift x'G5 . /]l8of]wdL{sf] r'xfj6 ;a}eGbf ljgfzsf/L
dflgG5 . o;n] k|sf]khGo 36gfsf] ;dodf dfq geP/ bzsf};Dd cfˆgf] F
k|efj sfod /fV5 . ;g !($% df cd]l/sfn] hfkfgsf] lx/f]l;df / gfuf;fsLdf
v;fn]sf] adsf] k|efj jt{dfg k':tfn] ;d]t ef]lu/x'g k/]sf] oyfy{ g} o;sf]
HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] .
;fdfGotof /]l8of]wdL{ ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbg, e08f/0f / 9'jfgL ubf{ c;fjwfgLsf
sf/0f ;+of]ua; x'g] /;fogsf] r'xfj6af6 x'g] Ifltsf] ;'/Iff g} ljZjJofkL
;fj{hlgs rf;f]sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . /;fogsf] k|of]u hgfj/dfly ug'{ jf
]
b'36gfa; /;fog pgLx¿dfly r'lxg'h:tf 36gfn] z/L/sf] afXo tyf leqL
{
b'a} efudf k|efj kf5{ . /f;folgs b'36gfaf6 k|ToIf ¿kdf kg]{ tyf ck|ToIf
{
¿kdf kg]{ k|efj b'an] 7"nf] If]qsf ;d'bfo k|efljt x'g] u5{g . o;k|sf/
}
ljZjdf h}ljs tyf /f;folgs b'36gfn] k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd a9fO/x]sf] oyfy{nfO{
{
:ki6 kf5{ . o:tf b'36gfn] dfgjlgld{t ;+/rgfdf ;d]t Jofks Iflt x'g]
{
u/]sf] 5 / o; qmdn] ljsf;dfly 7"nf] r'gf}tL k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
/f;folgs b'36gfsf s]xL k|;ªu
{
xflgsf/s /;folgs j:t'sf] pTkfbg, 9'jfgL jf k|of]u ubf{ x'g] cfsl:ds
Ifltsf 36gfnfO{ g} /;folgs b'36gf elgG5 . ljiffQm tyf xflgsf/s ;fdu|Lsf]
{
cgk]lIft r'xfj6 jf oL ;fdu|L;Fu ;DalGwt xflgsf/s 36gf g} /;folgs
b'36gf x'g . ljiffQm kbfy{sf] e08f/0f, 9'jfgL jf pkof]u ubf{ r'xfj6sf]
{
sf/0fn] /;folgs b'36gf eP tfklg vf; b'36gf pTkfbg tyf e08f/0f
{ {
sf/vfgfdf g} x'g] u5{ . o:t} b'36gfsf] pbfx/0fdf ef/tsf] ef]kfn k|fGtsf]
{
Ps pBf]udf ;g !(*$ df ePsf] ljiffQm /;fog -/]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0f_ sf]
r'xfj6n] sl/a b'O{ xhf/ kfFr ;o dflg;sf] Hofg lnPsf] lyof] . ;f] 36gfaf6
xhf/f}F dflg; ckfªu ag]sf lyP eg] clxn] klg To;sf] k|efj lg:t]h x'g
;s]sf] 5}g .
To;}u/L ;g !(*^ df :jL6h/Nof0sf] af;]ndf glhs}sf] kfgLsf] ;|ftdf ]

{

kf/f], cf]uf{gf]kmf]:km]6 laiffQm tyf cGo /;fog ldl;P/ /fOg]gbLdf kfFr
nfveGbf a9L df5f gi6 eof] .
To:t} /f;folgs b'36gf o'/f]kdf klg ePsf] lyof] . ;g !(&^ df o'/f]kdf
{
ePsf] /f;folgs b'36gfnfO{ ;]e;f] b'36gfsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . o; b'36gfaf6
{ ] { {
o'/f]kn] ef]usf] kL8f eljiodf k'gM gbf]xf]l/of]; eg]/ /f;folgs b'36gf
] {
lgoGq0f sfg'gsf] nfu" eof] . o'/f]kdf nfu" ePsf] o; sg'gnfO{ g} ;]e;f] ]
lgb]z gfdn] lrlgg yflnPsf] 5 .
{
;g !(&^ df O6fnLsf] ;]e;f] eGg] 7fpFdf /x]sf] ljiffbL pTkfbg ug]{ /;folgs
]
;+oGqdf ePsf] b'36gfdf 6]6f« Snf]/f] l8a]Ghf]kf/fl8cf]lS;g 3gf w"jfFsf] ¿kdf
{
cf0fljs e§Laf6 r'xfj6 eof] . o; /;fogsf] k|of]u 6«fOSnf]/f]km]gf]n pTkfbg
ug{ ul/GYof] . o;sf] cnfjf pQm e§Ldf pTkGg clgolGqt afXotfkLo
k|ltlqmofsf sf/0f cToGt} ljiffn' sfl;{gf]hl] gs /;fog / /]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0f
klg pT;h{g ePsf] lyof] . o; /;fogaf6 ePsf] c;/af/] s]xL dflg;afx]s
cGo ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sn] tTsfn s'g} k|sf/sf] ;"rgf kfpg ;s]sf lyPgg .
e§Laf6 dflg;df tTsfn} c;/ kfg]{ tTjsf] pT;h{g dfq ePsf] lyPg, To;n]
tL; lsnf]ld6/eGbf aflx/sf] kl/lw;Dd cfˆgf] kmF8f lkmFhfPsf] lyof] . o;
36gfaf6 To; If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ v]tLafnLdf c;/ k'usf] lyof] eg] ^)) eGbf
]
a9L dflg; ;f] :yfgaf6 lj:yflkt x'g' k/]sf] lyof] . o; b'36gfdf k/]/ slt
{
dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eGg] tYofªs geP klg b'O{ xhf/eGbf a9L
dflg;nfO{ ;+jbgzLn cj:yfdf :jf:Yo;]jf k|bfg ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] .
]
/f;folgs b'36gf lgoGq0f
{
/f;folgs r'xfj6 jf ljikmf]6sf 36gfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ k|fylds /f]syfd jf
cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf] ¿kdf …;'wfl/Psf] ;'/Iff k|0ffnLÚb]lv /;fogsf] k|of]u tyf
lgdf{0fdf ;d"n kl/jt{g Nofpg'k5{ . o:tf pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ ;/sf/L
lgsfo jf lghL If]qsf k|lti7fgx¿n] s'g} klg ljiffQm /;fogsf]
e08f/0f;DaGwdf /x]sf hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ sfg'gL
Joj:yf ePdf o;sf] c;'/lIft pkof]udf lgoGq0f x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
o:tf hfgsf/Ldf cfwfl/t /x]/ gful/sn] Hofbf ljiffQm r'xfj6 x'g ;Sg]
;ªs6fled'v If]qsf] klxrfg u/L ;'/Iffsf j}slNks pkfosf] cjnDag ug{
{

;S5g . /;folgs b'36gfsf] h8 sf/0f kQf nufO{ ;'/Iffsf nflu ckgfpg'
{
kg]{ ljifonfO{ ;+jbgzLntfsf ;fy :jLsf/ u/]/ ;Defljt efjL k|sf]ksf]
]
/f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 .
/f;folgs pBf]uleq x'g] b'36gfnfO{ ljZjJofkL ;d:ofsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{
{
yflnPsf] 5 . oBlk pmhf{ pTkfbgsf] nIo lnP/ :yfkgf x'g] cf0fljs e§Ldf
x'g] b'36gf Hofb} ljgfzsf/L x'G5 . o;sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu s;/L cufl8
{
a9g ;lsG5 eGg] pbfx/0f ;f]e;f] 36gfkl5 ePsf] ;'wf/nfO{ pbfx/0fsf
]
¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
;]e;f] 36gfkl5sf] k|of;
]
;]e;f] 36gf ePsf] !^ jif{kl5 cyf{t ;g !((@ df ;]e;f] lgb]znfO{
] ] {
o'/f]kel/ g} sfg'gL b:tfj]hsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug]{ sfd ;DkGg eof] . o;
lgb]zg tyf gLlt xfn;Dddf b'O{ k6s ;'wf/ ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . gLlt
{
;'wf/sf] p2]Zo vt/fo'Qm kbfy{sf] e08f/0fnfO{ hg:jf:Yok|lt ;r]t /x]/ ug{
;'/lIft jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ / eljiodf :yfkgf x'g] cf0fljs e§Lsf] ;'/Iff
Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] /x]sf] lyof] . o; lgb]zs gLltnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{
{
;b:o /fi6«x¿n] sfg'g ;~rfng tyf k|zf;gdf bIftf Nofpg tyf
Joj:yfkgnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L / z;Qm agfpg b'O{ jif{;Dd klv{g' k/]sf]
lyof] . !((( sf] km]ac/L tLgb]lv o; lgb]zs l;4fGtsf] bfloTjnfO{ afWofTds
'| {
¿kdf ;b:o /fi6«sf ;a} pBf]un] kfngf ug'kg]{ s8f Joj:yf pNn]v ul/of] .
{
;]e;f]sf] bf];f| ] ;+zf]wgn] To:tf If]qsf] lgoldt k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;'/Iffsf
] +
lgldQ cfjZos kg]{ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL, cfsl:ds of]hgf tyf e"pkof]u
of]hgf tof/ u/L ;b:o /fi6«n] ;f] cg'¿k x'g] k|To]s k/LIf0fsf] kfngf ug'kg]{
{
Joj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 .
/;fogsf] hf]lvd / Joj:yfkg
dflg;n] b}lgs cfjZostfsf j:t'sf] k"lt{sf nflu cfˆgf] Ifdtf, bIftf /
;|ftsf] nufgL ug'{ k|fs[lts lgods} Ps cªu xf] . o:tf cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{
]
pTkfbg x'g] x/]s j:t'df s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] /;fog ldl;Psf] x'G5 . ljgf
/;fog s'g} cf}Bf]lus j:t'sf] pTkfbg x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Rg' g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] q'l6
{

x'g cfpF5 . /f]usf] /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f ug{, s[lif pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 Nofpg
/ cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgnfO{ cfly{s ljsf;sf] d]¿b08 agfpg /;fogsf] 7"nf]
e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s jif{ ljZjahf/df Ps xhf/ gofF /;fog ylkg]
u5{g . jt{dfg ;dodf ljZjdf sl/a Ps nfv k|sf/sf /;fogx¿ k|of]udf
5g . Joj;flos pTkfbgsf k|foM j:t'df /;fogsf] c+z kfpg ;lsG5 .
ljZjdf xfn;Dd kQf nfu]sf jf pTkGg eO;s]sf /;fogsf] ;ªVof bz
nfv eGbfa9L eO;s]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
/f;folgs tTjsf] pTkfbg tyf pkof]usf b[li6n]] klg /ªufpg] / kf]Tg] /ª
pTkfbg ug],{ cf}iflw / cGo ljifflb pTkfbg ug]{ / ljz]if /;fogx¿sf]
pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]ux¿ /x]sf cf;kf;sf If]q b'36gfsf hf]lvddf k5{g .
{
o:tf pBf]un] ahf/sf] dfucg'¿k h}ljs / ch}ljs /;fogx¿ pTkfbg ug]{
u5{g . s]xL ljz]if /;fog dfq pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]ux¿df sfl:6s ;f]8f, sfa{g
ANofs, km]gf]n, P;]l6s Pl;8, ldyfgf]n / chf]8fO /x]sf 5g . ef/tdf
/;fogsf] pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u ;du| ef/tsf] cf}wf]lus b[iodf tLj| ¿kdf
ljsl;t eO/x]sf 5g . ef/tdf /;fog / o;sf ;xof]uL tTjsf] pTkfbg
ug]{ pBf]ux¿sf] ljsf; tLj| ultdf x'g' v'nf ;Ldf ePsf] g]kfnh:tf] d'nssf '
nflu hf]lvdk"0f{ ljifo xf] . lsgeg] ef/tdf pTkfbg x'g] o:tf /;fogo'Qm
ljifflb tyf dn g]kfnsf] ahf/df a]/f]s6f]s lelqg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;g
@))!–@))@ df /;folgs kbfy{sf] ljZj lgof{taf6 dfq ef/tn] sl/a !@)
ca{ ¿k}ofF nfe k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] lgof{t ef/tsf] ;du| lgof{t Jofkf/dWo]
!^=@) k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
/;folgs pBf]uaf6 x'g] hf]lvd o;sf] tLj| ljsf;;Fu} a9b} uPsf] 5 . gofF
pBf]ux¿sf] :yfkgf, gofF /;fogsf] klxrfg / pTkfbgn] ahf/df 5fk 5f]8g]
ePsfn] o;sf] pTkfbg klg tLj| ultdf j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf pBf]udf x'g]
b'36gfsf] hf]lvd t dflg;n] em]Ng' k/]sf] 5 g}, /f;folgs kbfy{sf] ld>0faf6
{
pTkGg x'g ;Sg] b'36gfsf] vt/f To;eGbf a9L xflgsf/s x'G5 . To;}n]
{
/;fogsf] k|of]u x'bf pTkGg x'g] k|ltlqmof tyf o;sf] hLjgrqmsf] cWoogn]
F
o;af6 k|fKt x'g] nfe–xflg tyf kmfObf / vt/fsf] cfsng ug'k5{ . /f;folgs
{
b'36gf ;Lldt / obfsbf x'g] eP klg o;n] ef]kfndf h:t} 7"nf] Iflt k'¥ofpg
{
{

;S5 . /;fogn] o;sf] jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0fdf w]/} c;/ k'¥ofpg] x'bf o;sf]
F
hf]lvdsf] ;Defjgf hlxn] klg /lx/x]sf] x'G5 .
To;}n] /;fog pBf]ux¿n] ;'/Iffsf] pTs[i6 k|aGw ug'{ lgtfGt h¿/L x'G5 .
pBf]u :yfkgf / ;~rfng ubf{ lgDg ljifodf pBdLsf] Wofg hfg'k5{ M
pBf]u :yfkgf
pBf]usf] :j¿k lgwf{/0f tyf klxn] lgwf{l/t :j¿ksf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
/;fogsf] hf]lvd ljZn]if0f ug]{ / ;'/Iff Joj:yfkgsf k|lqmofsf] lgwf{/0f ug'{
k5{ . pBf]u :yfkgf ug]{ If]qsf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{
ljB'tLo ;'/Iff, ;'/Iffn]vf, cfsl:ds of]hgf, tflnd cflb k|aGw u/]/ hf]lvd
Joj:yfkgsf sfo{ ug'k5{ . pBf]u, pBf]udf sfo{ ug]{ sd{rf/L / cf;kf;sf]
{
hf]lvd If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ hg;d'bfosf] /;fogaf6 kg]{ c;/sf] x/]s If]qdf
aLdf ug'{ klg hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] Ps kxn x'G5 .
lgodsf] kfngf
pBf]u :yfkgf x'gklxn] jf kl5 klg pBf]udf x'g;Sg] cGo b'36gfsf] cj:yfdf
' {
clUg ;'/Iff, sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf] k]zfut jf :jf:Yo ;'/Iff, ljB'tLo
hf]lvd cflb cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ug'k5{ .
{
;'/Iff Joj:yfkg
pBf]u ;~rfngsf qmddf hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf ;DalGwt ;a} If]qsf] cWoog
tyf cg';Gwfg u/L ;kmn jf c;kmntfsf 36gfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L efjL
/0fgLlt agfpg'k5{ . o; cj:yfdf ;fdfGo ljZn]if0f, k|fylds ljZn]if0f /
cfGtl/s ljZn]if0f ug'kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] ljZn]if0fn] hf]lvd Joj:yfkgnfO{
{
;3fpF5 .
ljB'tLo hf]lvd cg'dfg
ljB'tLo hf]lvdsf b[li6n] pBf]udf /x]sf] ;jf{lws vt/fo'Qm jf ;'/lIft
If]qsf] juL{s/0f / k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;f]xL cg';f/ hf]lvdsf] cg'dfg
nufpg'k5{ . hf]lvdsf] :j¿kcg';f/ ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yfsf nflu cfjZos
k|aGw klg ldnfpg'k5{ .

{

clUg hf]lvd cfsng
pBf]u :yfkgf ePsf] kl/;/sf] klg juL{s/0f ug'k5{ . cfunfuLsf b[li6n] s'g
{
If]q jf :yfg a9L hf]lvdo'Qm 5 tyf /;fogsf] k|flKt, e08f/0f, x:tfGt/0f
tyf ;~rfngsf ;dodf cfuf]af6 x'g;Sg] ;Defljt hf]lvdsf] klxrfg ug'{
h¿/L x'G5 . k|HHjngzLn /;fogsf] e08f/, k|of]u, x:tfGt/0f x'g] If]qdf
cfuf] pTkGg ug]{ ;|ftsf] klxrfg u/L To:tf ;|ftsf] k"0f{ ¿kdf lgoGq0f ug]{
] ]
k|aGw ldnfpg'k5{ .
;ªs6sfnLg of]hgf
pBf]udf sfo{/t sd{rf/L tyf sfdbf/sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu plrt Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . pBf]u :yfkgf ePsf] ef}uf]lns :j¿k, ;fdflhs ;+/rgf,
dfgjLo hLjgz}nL cflbn] sfdbf/sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] lgwf{/0fnfO{ ;xof]u
k'U5 . dfgjhLjgsf] Iflt, ;DklQsf] ljgfz ug]{ ;Defljt k|sf]ksf] kl/b[iosf
cfwf/df To;sf] Ifdtfsf] cfsng ug'k5{ . ;Defljt 36gf / To;af6
{
kg{;Sg] k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ ;ªs6sfnLg of]hgf tof/ ug'k5{ . o:tf]
{
of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ;Defljt hf]lvdsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ pkfox¿sf] l;kmfl/;,
:ynut k"jtof/L of]hgfsf] lgwf{/0fh:tf sfo{ klg ug'k5{ .
{ {
aLdf of]hgf
/f;folgs pBf]udf /x]sf] cfGtl/s / afXo hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu
aLdfsf] Joj:yf ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . aLdf ug'cl3 cfGtl/s / afXo ¿kdf x'g
{
;Sg] hf]lvdsf] klxrfg / ljz]if0f ug'k5{ . hf]lvd lgoGq0fsf ljBdfg
{
pkfosf] k'g/fjnf]sg / ;dLIff ug'k5{ . o;sf ;fy} ljBdfg aLdf gLltx¿sf]
{
cWoog u/L o;sf] If]q, cfwf/e"t lk|ldod b/ / To;sf] ljZj;gLotf,
lk|ldodf lbOg] 5'6sf] :j¿k / ljZj;gLotfsf] k|Tofe"ltsf] ;DaGwdf klg
Wofg lbg'k5{ . o;/L ul/Psf] aLdf Joj:yfn] pBf]usf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf
;3fp k'U5 .
hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ug{] tflnd
pBf]usf] cfGtl/s tyf afXo ;'/Iffsf nflu sd{rf/L, sfdbf/ / ;'/IffsdL{nfO{
bIf k|fljlws jf ljz]if1af6 hf]lvd Joj:yfkg s]lGb|t tflnd lbg] Joj:yf
{

ldnfpg'k5{ . o:tf] tflndn] sd{rf/L tyf sfdbf/sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ /
pBf]u tyf sf/vfgfsf] ;'/Iffdf k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ u5{ . lj1x¿sf]
pkl:ylt, ;fjwfgLsf ;fy 5gf}6 ul/Psf tflndsf gd'gf, cGtlqm{ofTds
tyf ;xeflutfd"ns ljlw, pkof]uL tflnd ;fdu|L, ePsf 36gf tyf cj:yfsf]
cWoog, ;ªu7gfTds cEof; cflbn] hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsf/L e"ldsf
lgjf{x u5{ . o;/L k|bfg ul/g] tflndsf ljifoj:t' lgDgcg';f/ x'g ;S5g M
/f;folgs ;'/Iff,
e08f/0f ul/Psf Uof;sf] b'36gf–;'/Iff,
{
/;fog ;lDd>0faf6 x'g;Sg] b'36gf–;'/Iff,
{
hf]lvd klxrfgsf ljlw,
cf}Bf]lus hf]lvd Joj:yfkg,
cfunfuLsf] /f]syfd tyf ;'/Iff,
ljB'tLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkg,
;ªs6sfnLg tof/L,
;'/Iff Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL,
b'36gfsf] /f]syfd,
{
JolQmut tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg cflb .
ljiffQm Uof;sf] pTkfbg x'g] /f;folgs ;+oGqsf] ;~rfngdf ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf]
;jf{lws dxTj /xG5 . /;folgs ;+oGqsf] :j¿kcg'¿k ;'/Iffsf ljljw
kIfsf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ pTs[i6 ;'/Iff vfsf 5gf]6 ug'k5{, h;n] pBf]u /
{
;Defljt b'36gfaf6 k|efj kg]{ If]qsf dflg;sf] ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg
{
;sf]; .
/f;folgs b'36gfsf] k|efj tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf klg kg]{ ePsf]n]
{
of] Hofb} ljgfzsf/L x'G5 . To;}n] b'36gf ePkl5 To;sf] pkrf/ ug'eGbf
{ {
/f]syfd ug'{ g} ;a}eGbf pQd Joj:yfkg xf] .

{

pk;+xf/
h}ljs tyf /f;folgs b'36gfsf If]q ;Lldt ePklg o;n] kfg]{ k|lts"n k|efjsf If]q
{
eg] Jofks g} /x]sf 5g . ljZjdf k|of]udf cfPsf ljleGg /;fogn] dflg;sf] hLjg
/ hLljsf]kfh{gsf x/]s cfofddf c;/ kfl//x]sf] x'G5 . s[lifafnLdf /f]usf hLjf0f'
/ sL/fn] ug]{ cfqmd0f / To;sf] lgoGq0fdf k|oQm ljifflb tyf o;n] jftfj/0fdf
'
kfg]{ c;/sf af/]df klg ;a}n] hfgsf/L lng'kg]{ x'G5 . o; ljifodf hfgsf/L lng
sfo{/t ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox¿;Dd k'Ug'kg]{ x'g ;S5 . tL
lgsfox?;Fu cfjZos k/fdz{ u/L s:tf] ljifflb slt dfqfdf k|of]u ug]{ / o;sf]
k|efjsf/Ltf s:tf] 5 eGg]af/]df ;f]wLvf]hL ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . To;}u/L g]kfnsf]
;Gbe{df jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fnfO{ cln a9L dxTj lbP/ x]g{' h¿/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf ljleGg efudf ax'nf hgfj/sf] cfqmd0f, xfQL, af3, u}8fh:tf hgfj/af6
F
x'g] cfqmd0faf6 u|fdL0f / ;x/L b'a} If]qsf gful/s c;'/lIft dx;'; ug{ afWo /x]sf
5g . ;/sf/n] jGohGt'sf] ;'/Iff tyf lgoGq0fdf plrt Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL ckgfP/
;j{;fwf/0fdf ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg ;Sg' kb{5 .
/f;folgs b'36gfaf6 x'g;Sg] Iflt Go"gLs/0fsf ljleGg pkfox¿ x'g ;S5g . 7"nf
{
pBf]usf] :yfkgfsf qmddf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofªsg ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf /x]sf]
5 . jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofªsgaf6 k|fKt ;'emfjsf cfwf/df cfjZos gLlt
th'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ / gLltcg'¿k sfd eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ kxndf
{
;/sf/ tyf ;DalGwt lgsfo ;lqmotfsf;fy cu|;/ ePdf lbuf] ljsf;sf]
cjwf/0ffcg'¿k ;x>fAbL ljsf;nIo k|fKt ug{ sl7gfO gx'g ;S5 .
k|sf]ksf 36gfdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 eO/x]sf] jt{dfg kl/j]zdf pBf]u, snsf/vfgf tyf
kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ ljleGg /;fogaf6 x'g] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofªsgsf
;fy} k|sf]k k|efj d'Nofªsg klg ug'{ h¿/L b]lvPsf] 5 . o;tkm{ ;/sf/n] pko'Qm
Joj:yf u/L ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ lgb]l{ zt ug'{ cfjZos 5 . g]kfndf h}ljs tyf
/f;folgs jf k|sf]k k|efj d'Nofªsg ;d]t ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf eO;s]sf] 5 . t/
sfg'gL Joj:yf sfg'gdf dfq ;Lldt g/xL To;n] k|efjsf/L 9ªun] cuf8L a9gk5{ .
'
tadfq hg;d'bfon] /;folgs hf]lvdaf6 ;'/lIft dx;'; ug{ ;S5g .
;Gbe{;fdu|L
a6'si0f pk|tL, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf lbuf] ljsf;, jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg tyf lbuf] ljsf;
[ ]
dxfljBfno, sf7df8f},+ @)%* .
;ljGb| l;+x, kof{j/0f e'uf]n, k|ofu k':ts ejg, Onfxafb, @))! .
uf]kfnk|;fb b'nfn, kof{j/0f dfl;s, k"0ff{ªs $), r}t !)@^ .

{

{

15. biochemical accident dks 14

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15. biochemical accident dks 14