SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Det svenska partiernas rötter

•
•
DPNS De Nya Svenskarna
DPNS De Nya Svenskarna

Sverige från fattigdom till välfärds stat.

BusinessTechnology
1 of 25
Download to read offline
‫ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ , ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻼﺟ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ , ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳ ﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻌﻠ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﺮ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ , ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ , ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ , ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌ ﺪﺍﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ , ﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﱃ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ .‬ ‫ﺭﻳ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﺍﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺫﻭ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻋﺎﻡ 9081 ﻭﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍ ﻳﺪﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ‪ Ångköks-Olles‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ‪Themptander‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻟﻘﺎ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺟﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﺮ ‪kohandel‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺳﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﺝ ‪chicken-race‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋﻀﺮ , ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺰﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻳﻬﺪﺩ ﺑﺄﺳﻘﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﰊ ‪taktikröstning‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ , ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ , ‪ DPNS‬ﻭﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍ ﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﳓﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﻭﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ.‬ ‫1‬
‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ‪Åland‬‬ ‫) ‪(Sameting‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺮ , ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﳍﻢ ﻭﺑﺮﳌﺎ ﻢ ﺍﳋﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫(‬ ‫) ﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟ ﻮ‬ ‫2‬
‫ﻭﻥ ﺭ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺎ ﻷ ﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻟ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻥ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻟ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫.‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫-9861( ‪Charles De Montesquieu‬‬ ‫)5571‬
‫?‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺖ……….………………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ………….………… 1-9‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ………….….…‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ …...……….‬ ‫ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ - ‪.……….. Kalmarunionen‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪.…………...…… Margareta‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪..……......… Erik av Pommern‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ‪.…………….……Arboga‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪.…...….… Kristofer av Bayern‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺮﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ …….….……..‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﻛﻨﺘﺴﻮﻥ ……...….…...‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺭﺓ ‪..….…..………Brunkeberg‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ‪…….…….…… Sten Sture‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻫﺎﻧﺲ ……………..…….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺮﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ …..…….……‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻬﻮﱂ .………………..‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ .…….…..…….…‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﻓﺎﺳﺎ ….………...‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ ………...….…..…‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ….….……‬ ‫3‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ….……..‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻡ …….……..‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺭﺓ ﺍﺑﺴﺎﻻ ………….…..…‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ …....‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﻮﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ….…….….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪……..……… Sigsmund‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺳﻴﺪﺭﺷﻴﺒﻨﻚ …….……‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ‪……….……hertig Karl‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻚ ﺑﺮﻭ……..…….‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺭﺓ ﻟﻴﻨﺸﻮﺑﻨﻚ …..………..‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪ Sigsmund‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ..…‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ……………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ….…‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ 7161 …...…..‬ ‫ﳑﺜﻠﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ……...‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹶ………..…..‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ……..‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ 4361 …..…..‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﻛﺮﺳﺘﻴﻨﻪ……….….…..‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻜﺔ ﻛﺮﺳﺘﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ…...‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ….…‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ …….…‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﻨﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﺪﻥ…….….‬ ‫4‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ………..……‬ ‫ﳉﻮﺀ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ……….....‬ ‫ﺍﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ…………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﺮﻳﻜﺔ ﺃﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﺭﺓ …….………..‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﺭ ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ………….‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ …….……..‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻘﺎﺕ ……………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ……………..………….‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﱄ……………..……‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﺮﻳﻜﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ……...….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ ……….…………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ …….………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺗﺴﲔ …...…..…‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ…….……..‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﻥ ﻫﺒﻜﻦ …………..……..‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﲣﻄﻂ ﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻴﺔ…….....‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﻠﻢ ……...….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ……...………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻼﺱ ﺍﻳﻜﺒﻼﺩ ……………….‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ …………………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻴﺔ………..…..‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻋﺔ 3771 ………………..…..‬ ‫5‬
‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ …………...….‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ…………………….‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ……………‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ………….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ…………‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﻧﺎﺑﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﻧﺎﺑﺮﺕ……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻧﻔﻴﻪ………………....‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ 9081 ……...…………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ……………..‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪..………...…...…Bernadotte‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﻳﻮﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﺩﻭﺕ…..‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺎﺗﻴﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺳﻨﺒﻼﺩ……………...‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﱃ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ………………….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ………………...‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ ……………..‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﺩﻳﻜﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ……………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ ……………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺫﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺴﲔ ……………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﺩﻝ ﻛﺮﻭﺯ …………..‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ………………...‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻳﻠﺴﻮﻥ……………...‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﻳﻜﲑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ …………………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ …………..………‬ ‫6‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﲑﺍﻟﻴﺔ……………………‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ………………..‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺛﺴﻴﻠﻴﻮﺱ……………...‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﺕ ﲦﺘﺎﻧﺪﺭ ……………….‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﺥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺃﻭﻟﺔ ….……..‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻠﺪﺕ .……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ…………‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻲ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺃﻭﻛﺮﻫﻴﻠﻢ …………...‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ………………………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺮﱘ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ……………….‬ ‫ﺑﺮﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ……………………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ‪.…………..…… von Otter‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺋﺰ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ………………………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ. ……………...‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﺓﻳﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ….……‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺟﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﻣﺴﺘﺪﺕ .……..……...‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺮﺳﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻮﻧﺪﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﻻﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ…...…‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ.…...……..‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ….....…………..…‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ……..………‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ 8091 …...……………‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ ……………....‬ ‫7‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ …………..….….‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻳﻠﻤﺮ ﳘﺮﺷﻠﺪ …..……………‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ …………………………‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﳓﻴﺎﺩ .………………….………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 4191 ………...……………..‬ ‫ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 7191 ..……….……….……‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ…..…………………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ……………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﺎﻡ 7191 …………...‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 7191 ………………‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ -ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺔ-ﻟﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ……..‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ……………….‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺔ …….………...‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﻳﻜﲑ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ………………..‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ………..‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ….……‬ ‫……………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ……….………….‬ ‫‪.……..……………………… IB‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺒﻲ …….………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ….…....……‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ……………‬ ‫8‬
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺰﺑﻴﺔ …………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 1291 ………………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺪﺍﻡ ……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﱄ………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ…………………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 4291 ………………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﻳﻜﺎﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﻧﺪﻟﺮ……………….‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻳﻠﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﺘﻨﻚ………………...‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ…………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8291 ………………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ…………………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﲔ………………….‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﻭﺩﺍﻟﻦ……………………‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ……..…‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ…………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻠﻜﺲ ﳘﺮﻳﻦ ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 2391……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ…………………..‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺟﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﺮ ‪.………kohandel‬‬ ‫9‬
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ -ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺔ -ﻓﻼﺣﻴﺔ…...…‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺟﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺭﺩ ﻛﻴﱰ ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ..…‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ ………...………..‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺋﺘﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻴﲔ ……‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﺢ……..‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ……………………‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ……….………….‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ‪.……..…………………IB‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﰊ …….………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ….…………..……‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ……………….‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ....‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻬﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻴﺔ…………...‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﻜﻠﱪﻳﺖ ………….…..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ……………..…………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ……………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﺰﺑﻴﺔ…………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8491……………….‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ………..‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ…………‬ ‫01‬
‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ )‪…………(pojk-prostitution‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ -ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ…...‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ…………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 2591……………….‬ ‫ﳘﺮﺷﻠﺪ ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 5591……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ………..‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8591……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ‪………mitten-alternativ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 0691……………….‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﺍ………………………‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ……..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 4691………………‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ ﻓﻨﺮﺳﺘﺮﱘ……………‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ………‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ …………….‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ….…..……‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ………….‬ ‫11‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺷﻮﻑ ﳚﺬﻑ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ...‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﻟﻮﺛﺮﻛﻨﻚ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ……...‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ………..‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻣﻲ………….‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ…………………………‬ ‫ﲡﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 0791……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ………………...‬ ‫ﻧﲑﻭﺩﺍ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ………………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ……..‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ‪...…………………… IB‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 3791……………….‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻧﺼﻴﺐ…………………..‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ……………….‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ‪……………….……Pomperposse‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ…………………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 6791………….……‬ ‫ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ……..…….‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺟﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ…………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 9791……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ…………‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ…….‬ ‫21‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 2891……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ ………...‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ………….‬ ‫ﺍﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ .……..……‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ……….……….‬ ‫31‬
‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ …………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8891………….……‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ………………..‬ ‫ﳒﻴﺐ ﳏﻔﻮﻅ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ………….‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ.…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﰊ...‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 1991……………….‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺟﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ…………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 4991……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 5991 ﻟﻠﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ……‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ …………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8991……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ……………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ………………..‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ…………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ…………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ……………………….‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ……………………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻸﺣﺰﺍﺏ………………‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ………….‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻲ…………….‬ ‫41‬
‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ-ﺍﳋﻀﺮ…………………‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ .………….‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ -ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ……...‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﲔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ……………….‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﱄ……………….‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ….‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ….………………‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﻮﺭ…………………….‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ………………..‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ...………………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ..……………….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ………………………….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ…………………………‬ ‫51‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﺟ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ , ﺑﻠﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ 054 ﺍﻟ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ 4751 ﻛﻴﻠ ﻮ ﻣ ﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ , ﺗﻌﻮﻱ ﻛﻼﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﺘﺸ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻭﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻋ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ )‪ (älg‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻂ ﻏﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟ )‪ ( furu, gran, björk‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﳒﺪ ﺻﺨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻧﻴﺖ )‪ (granit‬ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﺖ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ )‪ (istiden‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻏﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﲡﺎ )‪ (polcirkeln‬ﺍﱃ ﺃﺭﺍﺿ ﻲ ﻗﺎﺣﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺸﺔ ﱂ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻭﻻ ﺎﺭﹶﺍ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻐﻄﻰ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺛﻠﺠﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﺔ ﻭﳒﺪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺪﺏ ﰲ ﻧ ﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫)ﻧﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ( ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺗﻌﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻮﺝ )‪ (isbrytarna‬ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺗﲏ )‪ (Bottniska viken‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪﺍ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻮﺍﻧ )‪ (Luleå, Umeå, Piteå‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ )‪ (Malm‬ﰲ ﺣ ﲔ‬ ‫ﳒﺪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻧﺔ )‪ (renarna‬ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ )‪ (lav‬ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻮﺝ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺮ )‪ (Samerna‬ﺟﺎﻟﺴ ﲔ ﺃﻣ ﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻠﻴ ﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (midnattssolen‬ﻭﻳﺘﺴﻮﻗﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻠﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﻃﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ )‪ (Ragnarök‬ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻴﻞ )‪ , (Harmagedon‬ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻠﻮﻝ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺮ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻬﻢ ﺫﺋﺎ ﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺧﺮﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ ﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻓﻌﻰ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﺯ ﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛ ﻞ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﳍﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻋﻨﺔ )‪ (jättar‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍ ﳍﻪ )‪ (Tor‬ﻭ )‪ (Oden‬ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺨﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭ .‬ ‫)‪ (Svearnas rike‬ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻨﻮﺍ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ )‪ (Mälarens stränder‬ﺍﻟ ﺗﺼﺐ ‪(rinner‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ‬ ‫)‪ ut‬ﰲ )‪ (östersjön‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸ ﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳ ﺔ ﰲ ﲑﺓ‬ ‫)‪ (Helgö‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﲡﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ )‪ (Svearna‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼﺕ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺪ ﺃﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ ﻣﺒﻌﻮﺙ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻧ ﻪ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ , ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺄﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ ﺷﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺭﻭﺩ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﻧﺴ ﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠ ﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻔﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﳝﺎﺭﺳﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﻛﺎﳊﻤﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺋﻬﺔ.‬ ‫ﺍﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺻﻐﲑ , ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻴﻊ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ , ﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﻭﺍ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺘﻠ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﻤﻠ ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﺘﻠ ﺍﻟﻮ ﺎﺋ .ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺼ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷ ﻜﻞ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﳑﻠﻮﺀﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‬ ‫-1-‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﻧﻮﺍﻓ ﺬﻫﺎ ﻧﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺮﺍﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭ ﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻣ ﻮﺍﻝ )‪ (Wallenbeg‬ﻭﻧﺮ ﺃﺻﺤ ﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺮﺵ , ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳ ﻴﲔ ,‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟ ﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ ) ‪.(aktieägarna‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ) ‪ (Stig Ericsson‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻀ ﻮﺭ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻨﺮﺍ ﻳﻀ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺒﺚ ﻛﱪﺕ ﻫﺬ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺗﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ) ‪ (Gustav VI Adolf‬ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻀ ﻮﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺘﻠ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )‪ (Enskilda Banken‬ﻭﻛ ﺎﻥ ﻣﺴ ﺆﻭﻻ ﻋ ﻦ ﺟﺮﻳ ﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫)‪ (Dagbladet‬ﳊﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ 7691.‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ )‪ (Wallenberg‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﺑ ) ‪ ( finansvalpen‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﻐﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﻧﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ )‪ (Saab-Scania‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺗﻘ ﺮ‪r‬ﺭ ﰲ ﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ )‪ (Skandia‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (ASEA‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻮﺭﻕ ﻛﺘﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻻ ﺎﺀ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ) ‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻣﺴ ﺆﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑﹶﺍ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﹶﺍ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ )‪ (Skandia‬ﺍﻟ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫)‪ (,Svea, öresund, Skåne‬ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ) ‪ ( Thule‬ﺍﻟ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﻄﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ )‪.(Olof Palme‬‬ ‫ﳌﺎ ﺭﻥ ﺟﺮﺱ ﺍﳍﺎﺗ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻭﺍﺫﺍ ﺑ )‪ (Wallenberg‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻠﻄ ﻋﱪ ﺟ ﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳍ ﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ - ‪Goddag , det är J.Wallenberg‬‬ ‫‪ - Det måste vare fel‬ﺃﺟﺎﺏ )‪.(Gyllenhammar‬‬ ‫-‪ -Det avgör jag själv‬ﺃﺟﺎﺏ )‪ (Wallenberg‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﺀﻝ‬ ‫)‪ ( är det här Gyllenhammare, junior‬ﻫﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻢ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫- ﻧﻌﻢ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ )‪(Gyllenhammar‬‬ ‫‪ Då är det precis rätt‬ﺃﻛﺪ )‪ (Wallenberg‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺎﺳ ﺐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ )‪.(Stora Kopparberg‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻜﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﻧﲏ ﺃﻓﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﱃ ﺧﱪﺓ ﰲ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍ‪ ‬ﺎﻝ ﻭﺣ ﻻ ﺃﻋ ﺮﻑ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺗﻠ ﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﻤ ﺔ , ﺃﺟ ﺎﺏ‬ ‫)‪.(Gyllenhammar‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ ﻟﻠﻮ ﻴﻔ ﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ) ‪ ( jag avgör om ni är lämplig för jobbet‬ﻫﻜ ﺬﺍ ﺭﺩ‬ ‫) ‪ ( Wallenberg‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺆﺍﻟﻪ ﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻧﻌﻢ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‬ ‫) ‪. ( är svaret ja eller nej‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﺃﺳﺘﻠﻢ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﺎﻡ 0791 ﻣﻜﺎﳌ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺮ ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ )‪ (Hartmann‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ )‪ (Skandia‬ﻭﻣﺴﺆﻻ ﻛﺒ ﲑﹶﺍ ﰲ )‪(Göteborg‬‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﺓ )‪ (Pripps‬ﻭﺣ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﻧﺎﰲ , ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ )‪ (Volvo‬ﰲ )‪.(Göteborg‬‬ ‫-2-‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ )‪ ( Gyllenhammar‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﻘﻪ ﺷﻴ ﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺣ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻡ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏﺮﻳ ﺐ ﻋ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮ ﻔﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻠﺲ ﻣﻨﻌﺰﻻ ﻛﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﳌﻮ ﻔﲔ ﺍ ﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻳﺴﻤﻰ )‪ (glasburar‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ )‪ ( Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Atlas Copco‬ﻭﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻌ ﺎﺩﻥ ‪(Stora‬‬ ‫)‪ Kopparberg‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﳌﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﱃ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﻪ )‪ (Engellau‬ﻫ ﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﰲ )‪ (Göteborg‬ﻴﺚ ﻛﱪﺕ ﺷ ﺨﺼﻴﺔ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻭﺑ ﺪﺃ ﻳﺪﺧ ﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺭ ﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻫﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ , ﺍﳌﺸ ﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ , ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻧﻔﻄﻲ , ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺮﺍ ﻳﻀﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ .‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ ﻋﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻲ ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻓ ﺎﻉ ‪ Christian Hauge‬ﻭﺑ ﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺟﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ , ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ )‪ , (Fälldin‬ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ 8791 ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﰲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺠﻊ ﺭﺋﻴ ﺲ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫)‪ (Fälldin‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ )‪ (Odvar Nordli‬ﻷﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮﺓ ﺑ ﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺘﲔ ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛ ﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻫ ﺎ ‪(Olof‬‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫)‪. Palme‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ )‪ (Olof Palme‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﰲ ﺿﻊ ﻛﺌﻴﺐ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﺣﺰﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺼ ﺐ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﻬﻀﻤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ , ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﻘﹶﺎ ﻭﺣﺰﻳﻨﹶﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳝﻠ ﻚ ﻧﻔ ﺲ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﺃﺱ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻛ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻤﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻪ ﺣ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﳎﻴﺌﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺠﻊ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺆﻛﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﺮﻭﳚﻴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ . ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻗﻨ ﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻫ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫-3-‬
‫ﺮﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﺿ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ )‪(Volvo‬‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ )‪ . (Volvo‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻭﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺭ ﻭﺱ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﱃ ﻫﺬ ﺍﻷﻣ ﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺰﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﻲﺀ ﺑ ﺎﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ 057 ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﱃ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ % 04 ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺼﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ )‪ (Volvo‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻧﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺗﺴ ﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻻ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺆﻫﻼﺕ.‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻲ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﹶﺍ ﻭﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑ ﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺸ ﺎﺣﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻖ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﻢ , )‪ , (Volvo‬ﻭﻫ ﻞ ﳝﻜ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺎ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ , ﻭ ﻫﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻛﻄﺮﻑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻠ ﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﱪﻳﺮ ﺍﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﲣ ﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻰ )-‪(principöverenskommelse-letter of intent‬‬ ‫ﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄ ﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﱃ ﻟﻠﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ)‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻔﺎﺳﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻨﺠﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺳ ﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ )‪ (Volvo- Saab-Scania‬ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ .ﻭﻫﻜ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻧﺸ ﻐﻞ ﺭ ﺳ ﺎﺀ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﺷﺨﺎ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺫﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ ﻋﺎﱄ ﻟﻼﻋﻼﻥ ﺭ ﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺘﻮ ﺍﳌﺸ ﺮﻭﻉ -ﺷ ﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ 04 ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ ( Volvo‬ﲟﺒﻠ 057 ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﺷﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻋ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺴﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ.‬ ‫- ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ )‪ (fällt i Nordsjön‬ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ )‪. (råolja‬‬ ‫- ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫)‪ (Volvo Penta‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻴﺔ , ﺍﻭﺳﻠﻮﺍ .‬
‫ﻫﺬ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ )‪ (letter of intent‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ )‪ (Nordli‬ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ )‪ (Fälldin‬ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﻨﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻣﺆ ﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻬﻮﱂ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺳﻠﻮﺍ.‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ﳌﺆ ﺮ ﺧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺆ ﺮ ﺻﺤﻔ ﻲ ,‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪﹶﺍ ﻟﻼﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ.‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ) 047 ,067 ,‪ (Volvo‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﺄﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻫﺬ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻼﺕ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ .‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻻﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺿﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﳊﺪ ﺍ ﻥ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺆﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻪ )‪ (Gunnar Engellan‬ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻗﺮﺭ ﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ )‪ (Torslanda‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮ ﺣﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻤﻪ ﳑﺎ ﺍﺻﺒﺢ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻗﻠﻘ ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺗﻀﺢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻮﻕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﻓﺠ ﺄﺓ ﺍﳓﺮﻓ ﺖ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻢ ﻭﺍﺻﻄﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﳉﻠﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻣ ﺎ ﻭﻣ ﺎﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﹶﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺆﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ .‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﳌ ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (storting‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ )‪ (riksdagen‬ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺰﺑﻴ ﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲣﻠﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ.‬ ‫ﺔ )‪(Fälldin‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﻘﻮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ )‪ (kärnkraftsfrågan‬ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺯﻣﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ , ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫)‪ (Fälldin‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﲢﻤ ﻞ ﻣﺴ ﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫6‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ . ﺣﺪﺙ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺮﻑ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﺸ ﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺴﺪ .‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﺻﺒﺢ )‪ (Ola Ullsten‬ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ ﻞ ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸ ﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﻓﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﺟ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ ﺟ ﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ . ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﲡﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ .‬ ‫ﺍﻻ ﺍﻧﻪ ﱂ ﺪﺙ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﻤ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻗﺮﺭ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﺆ ﺮ ﻟﺮ ﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫)‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺗ ﻭﺣ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﲔ ﳊﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺆ ﺮ .‬ ‫ﻦ ﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ )‪(Volvo‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﺭﻥ ﺟﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﺫﺍ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺍﺷﺨﺎ , ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﺧﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ )‪ ( Gyllenhammare‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺧ ﱪﹶﺍ ﻣ ﻬﻢ ﺟ ﺪﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺟﻼ ﳚﺐ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﻚ ﺑﻪ , ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍ ﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﹶ, ﻷﻧﻚ ﺳ ﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺿﻤﲑﻙ .‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻌﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ , ﻭ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﲏ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻢ ﻣﻮ ﻔﲔ ﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻃﻠ ﺐ ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻱ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﻣﻌ ﻲ ﳌﺼﻠﺤ ﺔ )‪(Volvo‬‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻜﺮﹶﺍ ﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻛﻢ.‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺮ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺆ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﺻﻄﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫7‬
‫(‬ ‫ﳊﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﺒﻮﺍ ﻗﻠﻘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭ ﻭﺱ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺘ ﻬﻢ‬ ‫) ‪ Aktiesparanas ordförande‬ﻳﺼﺮ :‬ ‫) ‪Vem tror han att han är egentligen, den här (Gyllenhammare‬‬ ‫‪Han uppträder som om han tror att han är en statsman och‬‬ ‫‪påstår att det Volvo gör är rätt. Och här har han fått‬‬ ‫,‪uppställning från två regeringar . Men förbanne mej‬‬ ‫,‪det är väl aktieägarna som bestämmer till slut‬‬ ‫.‪inte de här regeringarna‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ ﺣﺪﹶﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ - ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﺩﻓﻨﻪ .‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ:‬ ‫.‪Vi har inte fått aktieägarnas förtroende att genomföra affären med Norge‬‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺮﻛﺔ ﻋ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺩﻳﻞ 047 , 067 ﻋﺎﻡ 2891ﻭﺍﻟ ﻛﻠﻔﺖ ﺴﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ 5891 ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ 058 ﻭ069 ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﺩﻋﻰ ﺑﺄﻥ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺤﲔ ﻛﺴﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻼﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤ ﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻴ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ 3591-1691 ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫)‪ (Dag Hammarskjöld‬ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ , ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ , ﺗﻮﺯﻉ ﺟﻮﺍﺋ ﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﻞ .‬ ‫ﺔ,‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ,‬ ‫ﺔ, ﻳ ﺔ,‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ , ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﺔ,ﺣ‬ ‫ﺴ ﺔ,‬ ‫ﺔﻭ ﻼ ﺔ,‬ ‫ﻟﺟ‬ ‫ﻟ ﺪ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﺭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ.‬ ‫8‬
‫ﺍﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺸﺎ ﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ,‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﻨﺼﺐ ﺃﻛﻮﺍﺥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺴ ﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﻣﻘﻨﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟ ﳍﺎﺍ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻟﲔ ﺃﻭﳍﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠ ﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻮﺩ ﺍﻟ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻓﺎﺯﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻛ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﻷﻱ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺳ ﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﻟﻪ , ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺣﺰﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ .‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﲔ ﺘﻠ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﺍﲣ ﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﻛﻴ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺗﺘﺼ ﺑﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺤﺘﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ ,‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ , ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺻ ﺮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﻮﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ.‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ ﺃﻻﻥ ﻧﺘﺠﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺟﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﺍﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺫﻭ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄ ﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭﺟ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺴﺎﺀﻝ ,‬ ‫ﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫9‬

Recommended

5777
57775777
5777kotob arabia
 
Credo Para La Pascua
Credo Para La PascuaCredo Para La Pascua
Credo Para La PascuaYanka http://elrincondeyanka.blogspot.com/
 
El Riu Ter
El Riu TerEl Riu Ter
El Riu Terxsabat
 
Dia Mundial De L’Aigua
Dia Mundial De L’AiguaDia Mundial De L’Aigua
Dia Mundial De L’Aiguaxsabat
 
PresentacióN1
PresentacióN1PresentacióN1
PresentacióN1davidseverichemaury
 
Profissoes
ProfissoesProfissoes
Profissoesgarotodalua
 
Stop CO2
Stop CO2Stop CO2
Stop CO2xsabat
 
Aquesta Nostra Terra
Aquesta Nostra TerraAquesta Nostra Terra
Aquesta Nostra Terraxsabat
 

Recommended

5777
57775777
5777kotob arabia
 
Credo Para La Pascua
Credo Para La PascuaCredo Para La Pascua
Credo Para La PascuaYanka http://elrincondeyanka.blogspot.com/
 
El Riu Ter
El Riu TerEl Riu Ter
El Riu Terxsabat
 
Dia Mundial De L’Aigua
Dia Mundial De L’AiguaDia Mundial De L’Aigua
Dia Mundial De L’Aiguaxsabat
 
PresentacióN1
PresentacióN1PresentacióN1
PresentacióN1davidseverichemaury
 
Profissoes
ProfissoesProfissoes
Profissoesgarotodalua
 
Stop CO2
Stop CO2Stop CO2
Stop CO2xsabat
 
Aquesta Nostra Terra
Aquesta Nostra TerraAquesta Nostra Terra
Aquesta Nostra Terraxsabat
 
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Technologies
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations Rajiv Jayarajah, MAppComm, ACC
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceChristy Abraham Joy
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Det svenska partiernas rötter

  • 1. ‫ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ , ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻼﺟ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ , ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳ ﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻌﻠ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﺮ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ , ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ , ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ , ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌ ﺪﺍﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ , ﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﱃ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ .‬ ‫ﺭﻳ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﺍﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺫﻭ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻋﺎﻡ 9081 ﻭﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍ ﻳﺪﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ‪ Ångköks-Olles‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ‪Themptander‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻟﻘﺎ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺟﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﺮ ‪kohandel‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺳﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﺝ ‪chicken-race‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋﻀﺮ , ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺰﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻳﻬﺪﺩ ﺑﺄﺳﻘﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﰊ ‪taktikröstning‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ , ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ , ‪ DPNS‬ﻭﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍ ﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﳓﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﻭﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ.‬ ‫1‬
  • 2. ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ‪Åland‬‬ ‫) ‪(Sameting‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺮ , ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﳍﻢ ﻭﺑﺮﳌﺎ ﻢ ﺍﳋﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫(‬ ‫) ﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟ ﻮ‬ ‫2‬
  • 3.
  • 4. ‫ﻭﻥ ﺭ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺎ ﻷ ﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻟ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻥ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻟ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫.‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫-9861( ‪Charles De Montesquieu‬‬ ‫)5571‬
  • 5. ‫?‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺖ……….………………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ………….………… 1-9‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ………….….…‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ …...……….‬ ‫ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ - ‪.……….. Kalmarunionen‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪.…………...…… Margareta‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪..……......… Erik av Pommern‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ‪.…………….……Arboga‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪.…...….… Kristofer av Bayern‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺮﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ …….….……..‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﻛﻨﺘﺴﻮﻥ ……...….…...‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺭﺓ ‪..….…..………Brunkeberg‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ‪…….…….…… Sten Sture‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻫﺎﻧﺲ ……………..…….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺮﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ …..…….……‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻬﻮﱂ .………………..‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ .…….…..…….…‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﻓﺎﺳﺎ ….………...‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ ………...….…..…‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ….….……‬ ‫3‬
  • 6. ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ….……..‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻡ …….……..‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺭﺓ ﺍﺑﺴﺎﻻ ………….…..…‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ …....‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﻮﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ….…….….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪……..……… Sigsmund‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺳﻴﺪﺭﺷﻴﺒﻨﻚ …….……‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ‪……….……hertig Karl‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻚ ﺑﺮﻭ……..…….‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺭﺓ ﻟﻴﻨﺸﻮﺑﻨﻚ …..………..‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪ Sigsmund‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ..…‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ……………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ….…‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ 7161 …...…..‬ ‫ﳑﺜﻠﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ……...‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹶ………..…..‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ……..‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ 4361 …..…..‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﻛﺮﺳﺘﻴﻨﻪ……….….…..‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻜﺔ ﻛﺮﺳﺘﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ…...‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ….…‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ …….…‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﻨﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﺪﻥ…….….‬ ‫4‬
  • 7. ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ………..……‬ ‫ﳉﻮﺀ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ……….....‬ ‫ﺍﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ…………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﺮﻳﻜﺔ ﺃﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﺭﺓ …….………..‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﺭ ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ………….‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ …….……..‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻘﺎﺕ ……………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ……………..………….‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﱄ……………..……‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﺮﻳﻜﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ……...….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ ……….…………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ …….………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺗﺴﲔ …...…..…‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ…….……..‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﻥ ﻫﺒﻜﻦ …………..……..‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﲣﻄﻂ ﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻴﺔ…….....‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﻠﻢ ……...….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ……...………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻼﺱ ﺍﻳﻜﺒﻼﺩ ……………….‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ …………………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻴﺔ………..…..‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻋﺔ 3771 ………………..…..‬ ‫5‬
  • 8. ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ …………...….‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ…………………….‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ……………‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ………….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ…………‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﻧﺎﺑﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﻧﺎﺑﺮﺕ……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻧﻔﻴﻪ………………....‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ 9081 ……...…………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ……………..‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪..………...…...…Bernadotte‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﻳﻮﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﺩﻭﺕ…..‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺎﺗﻴﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺳﻨﺒﻼﺩ……………...‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﱃ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ………………….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ………………...‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ ……………..‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﺩﻳﻜﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ……………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ ……………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺫﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺴﲔ ……………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﺩﻝ ﻛﺮﻭﺯ …………..‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ………………...‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻳﻠﺴﻮﻥ……………...‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﻳﻜﲑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ …………………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ …………..………‬ ‫6‬
  • 9. ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﲑﺍﻟﻴﺔ……………………‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ………………..‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺛﺴﻴﻠﻴﻮﺱ……………...‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﺕ ﲦﺘﺎﻧﺪﺭ ……………….‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﺥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺃﻭﻟﺔ ….……..‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻠﺪﺕ .……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ…………‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻲ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺃﻭﻛﺮﻫﻴﻠﻢ …………...‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ………………………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺮﱘ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ……………….‬ ‫ﺑﺮﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ……………………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ‪.…………..…… von Otter‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺋﺰ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ………………………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ. ……………...‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﺓﻳﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ….……‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺟﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﻣﺴﺘﺪﺕ .……..……...‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺮﺳﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻮﻧﺪﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﻻﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ…...…‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ.…...……..‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ….....…………..…‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ……..………‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ 8091 …...……………‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ ……………....‬ ‫7‬
  • 10. ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ …………..….….‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻳﻠﻤﺮ ﳘﺮﺷﻠﺪ …..……………‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ …………………………‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﳓﻴﺎﺩ .………………….………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 4191 ………...……………..‬ ‫ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 7191 ..……….……….……‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ…..…………………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ……………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﺎﻡ 7191 …………...‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 7191 ………………‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ -ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺔ-ﻟﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ……..‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ……………….‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺔ …….………...‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﻳﻜﲑ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ………………..‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ………..‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ….……‬ ‫……………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ……….………….‬ ‫‪.……..……………………… IB‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺒﻲ …….………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ….…....……‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ……………‬ ‫8‬
  • 11. ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺰﺑﻴﺔ …………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 1291 ………………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺪﺍﻡ ……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﱄ………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ…………………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 4291 ………………‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﻳﻜﺎﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﻧﺪﻟﺮ……………….‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻳﻠﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﺘﻨﻚ………………...‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ…………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8291 ………………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ…………………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﲔ………………….‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﻭﺩﺍﻟﻦ……………………‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ……..…‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ…………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻠﻜﺲ ﳘﺮﻳﻦ ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 2391……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ…………………..‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺟﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﺮ ‪.………kohandel‬‬ ‫9‬
  • 12. ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ -ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺔ -ﻓﻼﺣﻴﺔ…...…‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺟﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺭﺩ ﻛﻴﱰ ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ..…‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ ………...………..‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺋﺘﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻴﲔ ……‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﺢ……..‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ……………………‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ……….………….‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ‪.……..…………………IB‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﰊ …….………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ….…………..……‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ……………….‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ....‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻬﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻴﺔ…………...‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﻜﻠﱪﻳﺖ ………….…..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ……………..…………‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ……………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﺰﺑﻴﺔ…………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8491……………….‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ………..‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻭﺩﻟﻮﻑ…………‬ ‫01‬
  • 13. ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ )‪…………(pojk-prostitution‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ -ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ…...‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ…………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 2591……………….‬ ‫ﳘﺮﺷﻠﺪ ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 5591……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ………..‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8591……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ‪………mitten-alternativ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 0691……………….‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﺍ………………………‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ……..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 4691………………‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ ﻓﻨﺮﺳﺘﺮﱘ……………‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ………‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ …………….‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ….…..……‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ………….‬ ‫11‬
  • 14. ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺷﻮﻑ ﳚﺬﻑ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ...‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﻟﻮﺛﺮﻛﻨﻚ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ……...‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ………..‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻣﻲ………….‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ…………………………‬ ‫ﲡﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 0791……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ………………...‬ ‫ﻧﲑﻭﺩﺍ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ………………‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﻑ……..‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ‪...…………………… IB‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 3791……………….‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻧﺼﻴﺐ…………………..‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ……………….‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ‪……………….……Pomperposse‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ…………………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 6791………….……‬ ‫ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ……..…….‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺟﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ…………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 9791……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ…………‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ…….‬ ‫21‬
  • 15. ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 2891……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ ………...‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ………….‬ ‫ﺍﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺔ………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ .……..……‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ……….……….‬ ‫31‬
  • 16. ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ …………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8891………….……‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ………………..‬ ‫ﳒﻴﺐ ﳏﻔﻮﻅ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ………….‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ.…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﰊ...‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 1991……………….‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺟﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ…………………‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 4991……………….‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 5991 ﻟﻠﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ……‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ …………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 8991……………….‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ…………‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ……………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ………………..‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ…………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ………………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ…………………..‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ……………………….‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ……………………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻸﺣﺰﺍﺏ………………‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ………….‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻲ…………….‬ ‫41‬
  • 17. ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ-ﺍﳋﻀﺮ…………………‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ .………….‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ -ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ……...‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﲔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ……………….‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﱄ……………….‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ….‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ….………………‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﻮﺭ…………………….‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ………………..‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ...………………‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ..……………….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ………………………….‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ…………………………‬ ‫51‬
  • 18. ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﺟ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ , ﺑﻠﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ 054 ﺍﻟ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ 4751 ﻛﻴﻠ ﻮ ﻣ ﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ , ﺗﻌﻮﻱ ﻛﻼﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﺘﺸ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻭﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻋ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ )‪ (älg‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻂ ﻏﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟ )‪ ( furu, gran, björk‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﳒﺪ ﺻﺨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻧﻴﺖ )‪ (granit‬ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﺖ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ )‪ (istiden‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻏﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﲡﺎ )‪ (polcirkeln‬ﺍﱃ ﺃﺭﺍﺿ ﻲ ﻗﺎﺣﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺸﺔ ﱂ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻭﻻ ﺎﺭﹶﺍ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻐﻄﻰ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺛﻠﺠﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﺔ ﻭﳒﺪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺪﺏ ﰲ ﻧ ﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫)ﻧﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ( ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺗﻌﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻮﺝ )‪ (isbrytarna‬ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺗﲏ )‪ (Bottniska viken‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪﺍ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻮﺍﻧ )‪ (Luleå, Umeå, Piteå‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ )‪ (Malm‬ﰲ ﺣ ﲔ‬ ‫ﳒﺪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻧﺔ )‪ (renarna‬ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ )‪ (lav‬ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻮﺝ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺮ )‪ (Samerna‬ﺟﺎﻟﺴ ﲔ ﺃﻣ ﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻠﻴ ﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (midnattssolen‬ﻭﻳﺘﺴﻮﻗﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻠﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﻃﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ )‪ (Ragnarök‬ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻴﻞ )‪ , (Harmagedon‬ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻠﻮﻝ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺮ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻬﻢ ﺫﺋﺎ ﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺧﺮﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ ﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻓﻌﻰ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﺯ ﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛ ﻞ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﳍﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻋﻨﺔ )‪ (jättar‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍ ﳍﻪ )‪ (Tor‬ﻭ )‪ (Oden‬ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺨﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭ .‬ ‫)‪ (Svearnas rike‬ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻨﻮﺍ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ )‪ (Mälarens stränder‬ﺍﻟ ﺗﺼﺐ ‪(rinner‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ‬ ‫)‪ ut‬ﰲ )‪ (östersjön‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸ ﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳ ﺔ ﰲ ﲑﺓ‬ ‫)‪ (Helgö‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﲡﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ )‪ (Svearna‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼﺕ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺪ ﺃﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ ﻣﺒﻌﻮﺙ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻧ ﻪ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ , ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺄﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ ﺷﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺭﻭﺩ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﻧﺴ ﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠ ﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻔﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﳝﺎﺭﺳﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﻛﺎﳊﻤﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺋﻬﺔ.‬ ‫ﺍﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺻﻐﲑ , ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻴﻊ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ , ﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﻭﺍ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺘﻠ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﻤﻠ ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﺘﻠ ﺍﻟﻮ ﺎﺋ .ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺼ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷ ﻜﻞ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﳑﻠﻮﺀﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‬ ‫-1-‬
  • 19. ‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﻧﻮﺍﻓ ﺬﻫﺎ ﻧﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺮﺍﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭ ﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻣ ﻮﺍﻝ )‪ (Wallenbeg‬ﻭﻧﺮ ﺃﺻﺤ ﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺮﺵ , ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳ ﻴﲔ ,‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟ ﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ ) ‪.(aktieägarna‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ) ‪ (Stig Ericsson‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻀ ﻮﺭ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻨﺮﺍ ﻳﻀ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺒﺚ ﻛﱪﺕ ﻫﺬ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺗﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ) ‪ (Gustav VI Adolf‬ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻀ ﻮﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺘﻠ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )‪ (Enskilda Banken‬ﻭﻛ ﺎﻥ ﻣﺴ ﺆﻭﻻ ﻋ ﻦ ﺟﺮﻳ ﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫)‪ (Dagbladet‬ﳊﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ 7691.‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ )‪ (Wallenberg‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﺑ ) ‪ ( finansvalpen‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﻐﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﻧﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ )‪ (Saab-Scania‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺗﻘ ﺮ‪r‬ﺭ ﰲ ﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ )‪ (Skandia‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (ASEA‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻮﺭﻕ ﻛﺘﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻻ ﺎﺀ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ) ‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻣﺴ ﺆﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑﹶﺍ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﹶﺍ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ )‪ (Skandia‬ﺍﻟ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫)‪ (,Svea, öresund, Skåne‬ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ) ‪ ( Thule‬ﺍﻟ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﻄﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ )‪.(Olof Palme‬‬ ‫ﳌﺎ ﺭﻥ ﺟﺮﺱ ﺍﳍﺎﺗ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻭﺍﺫﺍ ﺑ )‪ (Wallenberg‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻠﻄ ﻋﱪ ﺟ ﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳍ ﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ - ‪Goddag , det är J.Wallenberg‬‬ ‫‪ - Det måste vare fel‬ﺃﺟﺎﺏ )‪.(Gyllenhammar‬‬ ‫-‪ -Det avgör jag själv‬ﺃﺟﺎﺏ )‪ (Wallenberg‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﺀﻝ‬ ‫)‪ ( är det här Gyllenhammare, junior‬ﻫﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻢ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫- ﻧﻌﻢ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ )‪(Gyllenhammar‬‬ ‫‪ Då är det precis rätt‬ﺃﻛﺪ )‪ (Wallenberg‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺎﺳ ﺐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ )‪.(Stora Kopparberg‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻜﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﻧﲏ ﺃﻓﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﱃ ﺧﱪﺓ ﰲ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍ‪ ‬ﺎﻝ ﻭﺣ ﻻ ﺃﻋ ﺮﻑ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺗﻠ ﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﻤ ﺔ , ﺃﺟ ﺎﺏ‬ ‫)‪.(Gyllenhammar‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ ﻟﻠﻮ ﻴﻔ ﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ) ‪ ( jag avgör om ni är lämplig för jobbet‬ﻫﻜ ﺬﺍ ﺭﺩ‬ ‫) ‪ ( Wallenberg‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺆﺍﻟﻪ ﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻧﻌﻢ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‬ ‫) ‪. ( är svaret ja eller nej‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﺃﺳﺘﻠﻢ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﺎﻡ 0791 ﻣﻜﺎﳌ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺮ ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ )‪ (Hartmann‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ )‪ (Skandia‬ﻭﻣﺴﺆﻻ ﻛﺒ ﲑﹶﺍ ﰲ )‪(Göteborg‬‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﺓ )‪ (Pripps‬ﻭﺣ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﻧﺎﰲ , ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ )‪ (Volvo‬ﰲ )‪.(Göteborg‬‬ ‫-2-‬
  • 20. ‫ﻟﻜﻦ )‪ ( Gyllenhammar‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﻘﻪ ﺷﻴ ﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺣ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻡ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏﺮﻳ ﺐ ﻋ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮ ﻔﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻠﺲ ﻣﻨﻌﺰﻻ ﻛﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﳌﻮ ﻔﲔ ﺍ ﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻳﺴﻤﻰ )‪ (glasburar‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ )‪ ( Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Atlas Copco‬ﻭﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻌ ﺎﺩﻥ ‪(Stora‬‬ ‫)‪ Kopparberg‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﳌﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﱃ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﻪ )‪ (Engellau‬ﻫ ﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﰲ )‪ (Göteborg‬ﻴﺚ ﻛﱪﺕ ﺷ ﺨﺼﻴﺔ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻭﺑ ﺪﺃ ﻳﺪﺧ ﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺭ ﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻫﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ , ﺍﳌﺸ ﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ , ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻧﻔﻄﻲ , ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺮﺍ ﻳﻀﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ .‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ ﻋﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻲ ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻓ ﺎﻉ ‪ Christian Hauge‬ﻭﺑ ﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺟﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ , ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ )‪ , (Fälldin‬ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ 8791 ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﰲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺠﻊ ﺭﺋﻴ ﺲ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫)‪ (Fälldin‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ )‪ (Odvar Nordli‬ﻷﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮﺓ ﺑ ﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺘﲔ ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛ ﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻫ ﺎ ‪(Olof‬‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫)‪. Palme‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ )‪ (Olof Palme‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﰲ ﺿﻊ ﻛﺌﻴﺐ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﺣﺰﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺼ ﺐ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﻬﻀﻤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ , ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﻘﹶﺎ ﻭﺣﺰﻳﻨﹶﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳝﻠ ﻚ ﻧﻔ ﺲ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﺃﺱ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻛ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻤﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻪ ﺣ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﳎﻴﺌﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺠﻊ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺆﻛﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﺮﻭﳚﻴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ . ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻗﻨ ﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻫ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫-3-‬
  • 21. ‫ﺮﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﺿ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ )‪(Volvo‬‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ )‪ . (Volvo‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻭﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺭ ﻭﺱ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﱃ ﻫﺬ ﺍﻷﻣ ﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺰﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﻲﺀ ﺑ ﺎﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ 057 ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﱃ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ % 04 ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺼﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ )‪ (Volvo‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻧﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺗﺴ ﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻻ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺆﻫﻼﺕ.‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻲ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﹶﺍ ﻭﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑ ﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺸ ﺎﺣﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻖ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﻢ , )‪ , (Volvo‬ﻭﻫ ﻞ ﳝﻜ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺎ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ , ﻭ ﻫﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻛﻄﺮﻑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻠ ﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﱪﻳﺮ ﺍﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﲣ ﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻰ )-‪(principöverenskommelse-letter of intent‬‬ ‫ﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄ ﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﱃ ﻟﻠﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ)‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻔﺎﺳﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻨﺠﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺳ ﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ )‪ (Volvo- Saab-Scania‬ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ .ﻭﻫﻜ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻧﺸ ﻐﻞ ﺭ ﺳ ﺎﺀ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﺷﺨﺎ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺫﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ ﻋﺎﱄ ﻟﻼﻋﻼﻥ ﺭ ﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺘﻮ ﺍﳌﺸ ﺮﻭﻉ -ﺷ ﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ 04 ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ ( Volvo‬ﲟﺒﻠ 057 ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﺷﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻋ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺴﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ.‬ ‫- ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ )‪ (fällt i Nordsjön‬ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ )‪. (råolja‬‬ ‫- ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫)‪ (Volvo Penta‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻴﺔ , ﺍﻭﺳﻠﻮﺍ .‬
  • 22. ‫ﻫﺬ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ )‪ (letter of intent‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ )‪ (Nordli‬ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ )‪ (Fälldin‬ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﻨﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻣﺆ ﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻬﻮﱂ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺳﻠﻮﺍ.‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ﳌﺆ ﺮ ﺧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﲔ ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺆ ﺮ ﺻﺤﻔ ﻲ ,‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪﹶﺍ ﻟﻼﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ.‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ) 047 ,067 ,‪ (Volvo‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﺄﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻫﺬ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻼﺕ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﻦ .‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻻﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺿﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﳊﺪ ﺍ ﻥ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺆﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻪ )‪ (Gunnar Engellan‬ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻗﺮﺭ ﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ )‪ (Torslanda‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮ ﺣﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻤﻪ ﳑﺎ ﺍﺻﺒﺢ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻗﻠﻘ ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺗﻀﺢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻮﻕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﻓﺠ ﺄﺓ ﺍﳓﺮﻓ ﺖ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻢ ﻭﺍﺻﻄﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﳉﻠﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻣ ﺎ ﻭﻣ ﺎﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﹶﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺆﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ .‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﳌ ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (storting‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ )‪ (riksdagen‬ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺰﺑﻴ ﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲣﻠﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ.‬ ‫ﺔ )‪(Fälldin‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﻘﻮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ )‪ (kärnkraftsfrågan‬ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺯﻣﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ , ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫)‪ (Fälldin‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﲢﻤ ﻞ ﻣﺴ ﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫6‬
  • 23. ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ . ﺣﺪﺙ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺮﻑ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ )‪ (Gyllenhammar‬ﻳﺸ ﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺴﺪ .‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﺻﺒﺢ )‪ (Ola Ullsten‬ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ ﻞ ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸ ﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﻓﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﺟ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ ﺟ ﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ . ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﲡﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ .‬ ‫ﺍﻻ ﺍﻧﻪ ﱂ ﺪﺙ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﻤ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻗﺮﺭ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﺆ ﺮ ﻟﺮ ﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫)‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺗ ﻭﺣ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﲔ ﳊﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺆ ﺮ .‬ ‫ﻦ ﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ )‪(Volvo‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﺭﻥ ﺟﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﺫﺍ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺍﺷﺨﺎ , ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﺧﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ )‪ ( Gyllenhammare‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺧ ﱪﹶﺍ ﻣ ﻬﻢ ﺟ ﺪﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺟﻼ ﳚﺐ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﻚ ﺑﻪ , ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍ ﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﹶ, ﻷﻧﻚ ﺳ ﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺿﻤﲑﻙ .‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻌﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ , ﻭ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﲏ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻢ ﻣﻮ ﻔﲔ ﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻃﻠ ﺐ ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻱ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﻣﻌ ﻲ ﳌﺼﻠﺤ ﺔ )‪(Volvo‬‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻜﺮﹶﺍ ﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻛﻢ.‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺮ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺆ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﺻﻄﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫7‬
  • 24. ‫(‬ ‫ﳊﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﺒﻮﺍ ﻗﻠﻘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭ ﻭﺱ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺘ ﻬﻢ‬ ‫) ‪ Aktiesparanas ordförande‬ﻳﺼﺮ :‬ ‫) ‪Vem tror han att han är egentligen, den här (Gyllenhammare‬‬ ‫‪Han uppträder som om han tror att han är en statsman och‬‬ ‫‪påstår att det Volvo gör är rätt. Och här har han fått‬‬ ‫,‪uppställning från två regeringar . Men förbanne mej‬‬ ‫,‪det är väl aktieägarna som bestämmer till slut‬‬ ‫.‪inte de här regeringarna‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ ﺣﺪﹶﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﳚﻲ - ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﺩﻓﻨﻪ .‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ:‬ ‫.‪Vi har inte fått aktieägarnas förtroende att genomföra affären med Norge‬‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ )‪ (Volvo‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺮﻛﺔ ﻋ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺩﻳﻞ 047 , 067 ﻋﺎﻡ 2891ﻭﺍﻟ ﻛﻠﻔﺖ ﺴﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ 5891 ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻞ 058 ﻭ069 ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﺩﻋﻰ ﺑﺄﻥ )‪ (Gyllenhammare‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺤﲔ ﻛﺴﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻼﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤ ﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻴ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ 3591-1691 ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫)‪ (Dag Hammarskjöld‬ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ , ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ , ﺗﻮﺯﻉ ﺟﻮﺍﺋ ﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﻞ .‬ ‫ﺔ,‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ,‬ ‫ﺔ, ﻳ ﺔ,‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ , ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﺔ,ﺣ‬ ‫ﺴ ﺔ,‬ ‫ﺔﻭ ﻼ ﺔ,‬ ‫ﻟﺟ‬ ‫ﻟ ﺪ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﺭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ.‬ ‫8‬
  • 25. ‫ﺍﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺸﺎ ﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ,‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﻨﺼﺐ ﺃﻛﻮﺍﺥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺴ ﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﻣﻘﻨﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟ ﳍﺎﺍ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻟﲔ ﺃﻭﳍﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠ ﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻮﺩ ﺍﻟ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻓﺎﺯﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻛ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﻷﻱ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺳ ﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﻟﻪ , ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺣﺰﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ .‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﲔ ﺘﻠ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﺍﲣ ﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﻛﻴ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺗﺘﺼ ﺑﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺤﺘﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ ,‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ , ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺻ ﺮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﻮﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ.‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ ﺃﻻﻥ ﻧﺘﺠﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺟﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﺍﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺫﻭ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄ ﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭﺟ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺴﺎﺀﻝ ,‬ ‫ﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫9‬