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MENINGITIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
What is meningitis? ,[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is Meningitis Caused ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms Causing Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Neisseria meningitidis
Hemophilus influenza (H flu) Strep pneumoniae
CSF-Gram stain: ,[object Object]
CSF-Gram stain: ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF-Gram stain: ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF-Gram stain: ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF-Gram stain: ,[object Object]
Pathogenesis of Meningitis ,[object Object]
Pathogenesis of Meningitis ,[object Object]
Pathogenesis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathogenesis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathogenesis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathogenesis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
The white appearance of this calf brain is caused by neutrophils within the meninges – a condition known as meningitis.  This is usually due to a  bacterial infection.
This calf brain shows similar pathology.  If a glass slide is pressed to the  surface of the brain and stained it would show high numbers of  neutrophils.
Bovine  This brain shows irregular red spots which are areas of hemorrhage and necrosis caused by the bacteria,  Histophilus somni .
Brain: meningitis.
Pathogenesis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Evolution of the Abscess is as follows ,[object Object],[object Object]
Evolution of the Abscess ,[object Object]
Evolution of the Abscess ,[object Object]
Evolution of the Abscess ,[object Object],[object Object]
Evolution of the Abscess
Evolution of the Abscess ,[object Object]
Evolution of the Abscess
Evolution of the Abscess
Evolution of the Abscess Abscess-Cerebral Gross:
Abscess-Cerebral MRI
 
Meningial enhancement Meningial enhancement in a Bacterial meningitis - CT Scan Image
Meningial enhancement
Signs & symptoms of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Signs & symptoms of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Signs & symptoms of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kernig’s Sign ,[object Object],[object Object]
Signs & symptoms of Meningitis
Brudzinski’s Sign ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Normal fundus
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meningococcemia - Petechiae
Signs & symptoms of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Signs & symptoms of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meningococcemia - Purpura fulminans
Signs & symptoms of Meningitis ,[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Increased intracranial pressure Headache Vomiting Decreased Level of Consciousness Papilledema Herniation
TYPES OF HERNIATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TRANSTENTORIAL (UNCAL) HERNIATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HYDROCEPHALUS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications and Outcome of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Differential Diagnosis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Differential Diagnosis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Differential Diagnosis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Positioning INCORRECT CORRECT
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
Skin Preparation ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Spinal Needle Insertion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSF & LUMBER PUNCTURE ,[object Object]
CSF PRESSURE ,[object Object]
CSF PRESSURE ,[object Object]
CSF PRESSURE ,[object Object],[object Object]
Investigations & Diagnosis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Investigations & Diagnosis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Investigations & Diagnosis of Meningitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Investigations & Diagnosis of Meningitis ,[object Object]
CSF evaluation decreased increased < 500 Fungal decreased increased <500 TB Low to normal increased <1000 Viral <2.2 m mol/l 100-500 or >1.5gm/l >1000K PMN’s Bacterial, acute >50 (2.2 mmol to 4 mmol/l) 5-45 <5 , lymphocytes mainly Normal Glucose (mg/dL) Protein (mg/dL) WBC Condition
CSF Diagnosis Elevated (>100 mg) Low  Elevated (PMN’s early, lymphs late TB Meningitis Normal or slightly elevated Normal to low Elevated (PMN’s early, lymphocytes late) Aseptic Meningitis Elevated (>100 mg) Low >1000 PMN’s predominate Bacterial Meningitis 15 to 45 mg/dl 2/3 rd  of serum glucose <5 (lymphocytes) Normal Protein Glucose WBC
CSF evaluation Normal Upto 100 <1000 Viral low Upto 500 <500 Fungal low Increased upto 500 mg/dl <500 TB Low Increased>more than 100 mg/d >1000 PMN’s Bacterial, acute >50 5-45 <5, lymph's mainly Normal Glucose (mg/dL) Protein (mg/dL) WBC Condition
Summary of Typical  CSF Findings +TB Negative Positive Negative Culture Increased +/- Increased Increased 5-40 Protein < 30% Normal <40% 66% CSF plasma: Glucose ratio Decreased Normal Decreased 60-80 Glucose Increased Predominate Late 5 Lymphocytes +/- increased Early Predominate 0 Polymorphs <500 <1000 >1000 0-5 Cells TB Viral  Bacterial Normal
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT of MENINGITIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prognostic Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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sopore kashmir dr
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VIRAL MENINGITIS BY DR BASHIR AHMED DAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MEDICINE CHINKIPORA SOPORE KASHMIR

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  • 39. Hemophilus influenza (H flu) Strep pneumoniae
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  • 51. The white appearance of this calf brain is caused by neutrophils within the meninges – a condition known as meningitis. This is usually due to a bacterial infection.
  • 52. This calf brain shows similar pathology. If a glass slide is pressed to the surface of the brain and stained it would show high numbers of neutrophils.
  • 53. Bovine This brain shows irregular red spots which are areas of hemorrhage and necrosis caused by the bacteria, Histophilus somni .
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  • 60. Evolution of the Abscess
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  • 62. Evolution of the Abscess
  • 63. Evolution of the Abscess
  • 64. Evolution of the Abscess Abscess-Cerebral Gross:
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  • 67. Meningial enhancement Meningial enhancement in a Bacterial meningitis - CT Scan Image
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  • 74. Signs & symptoms of Meningitis
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  • 89. Increased intracranial pressure Headache Vomiting Decreased Level of Consciousness Papilledema Herniation
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  • 156. CSF evaluation decreased increased < 500 Fungal decreased increased <500 TB Low to normal increased <1000 Viral <2.2 m mol/l 100-500 or >1.5gm/l >1000K PMN’s Bacterial, acute >50 (2.2 mmol to 4 mmol/l) 5-45 <5 , lymphocytes mainly Normal Glucose (mg/dL) Protein (mg/dL) WBC Condition
  • 157. CSF Diagnosis Elevated (>100 mg) Low Elevated (PMN’s early, lymphs late TB Meningitis Normal or slightly elevated Normal to low Elevated (PMN’s early, lymphocytes late) Aseptic Meningitis Elevated (>100 mg) Low >1000 PMN’s predominate Bacterial Meningitis 15 to 45 mg/dl 2/3 rd of serum glucose <5 (lymphocytes) Normal Protein Glucose WBC
  • 158. CSF evaluation Normal Upto 100 <1000 Viral low Upto 500 <500 Fungal low Increased upto 500 mg/dl <500 TB Low Increased>more than 100 mg/d >1000 PMN’s Bacterial, acute >50 5-45 <5, lymph's mainly Normal Glucose (mg/dL) Protein (mg/dL) WBC Condition
  • 159. Summary of Typical CSF Findings +TB Negative Positive Negative Culture Increased +/- Increased Increased 5-40 Protein < 30% Normal <40% 66% CSF plasma: Glucose ratio Decreased Normal Decreased 60-80 Glucose Increased Predominate Late 5 Lymphocytes +/- increased Early Predominate 0 Polymorphs <500 <1000 >1000 0-5 Cells TB Viral Bacterial Normal
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