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2. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

3. The Disease…..
• The Chikungunya name is derived from the
Swahili word meaning “ that which bends up “in
reference to the stooped posture developed as a
result of the arthralgia (severe joint pains).
•The clinical features of Chikungunya ( CHK )
are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, myalgia,
rash and arthralgia.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

4. The Disease…….
► The clinical diagnosis is often confused with
that of Dengue fever because CHK virus
circulates in regions where Dengue ( DEN )
virus is also endemic.
► The most significant symptom is arthralgia
which is present in large number of cases.
► Some cases may develop morbilliform rash on
2nd to 5th day of onset.
► Hemorrhagic manifestation though not common
occurs in few cases; are consisted of bleeding
gums, epistaxis, hematemesis and very rarely
blood in stool. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

5. Period of Illness
• Illness is often acute and lasts for 3 to 5 days.
• In few cases it may be upto 10 days or more.
• Convalescence is usually prolonged and
characterized by marked weakness and pain in
joints.
Incubation period
• It is usually 2 to 12 days (Commonly 3 to 5
days). www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

6. Age group
•The disease affects all age groups.
Morbidity
• Ranging from 30 % to 70 % of population in affected
village / ward.
Mortality
• Negligible
The virus
• CHK virus belongs to family Togaviridae, genus Alpha
virus and subgroup semliki forest Venezuelan ( SFV )
equine encephalitis.
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7. Distribution and Epidemiology
• Basically recognized as a urban disease, clinically very
similar to Dengue, mis-diagnosis is not unusual.
• The virus was first isolated from the serum of febrile
human case in Tanzania in 1953.
• Chikungunya have spread to tropical parts of Africa,
America and Asia.
• In India first outbreak was recorded in Kolkata in
1963 followed by East coastal area like Chennai,
Pondichery, Vellore and Vishakhapattanam in 1964.
• Later it was recorded in 1965 in central part of India
i.e. Rajmundri, Kakinada ( AP ) and Nagpur.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

8. Distribution and Epidemiology
• Epidemiological investigation of a febrile illness episode at Nagpur
in 1965 showed that incidence was as high as 40 to 70 % in certain
wards.
• Mortality was negligible. The Sera from contacts showed antibodies
to CHK virus in 45 % cases.
• All the age-groups were affected. In Maharashtra state sporadic
cases were reported in 1973, 1983 & 2000.
• Morbidity in Barshi, Maharashtra in 1973 was about 37.5 %.
• Recently the cases of Chikungunya are reported from villages
Mungi, Balamtakli & Madhi in Ahemadnagar dist; Malegaon city in
Nashik dist and Purna town in Parbhani dist.
• In India the virus was known to be involved in large scale
epidemics.
• However, in recent studies the virus has been isolated in Dengue
endemic areas, suggesting involvement of virus in endemic situations.
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9. Maintenance of CHK virus in nature
• The virus is maintained in nature at a low level
in man-mosquito-man cycle.
• The survival of CHK virus in nature is also
through transovarial transmission ( TOT ) in
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
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10. Diagnosis
1. Isolation of virus.
2. Demonstrating four fold or greater rise in
antibody titer.
3. ELISA testing for IgM antibody.
4. Diagnosis by RT – PCR Test.
The antibody titer will be positive
after 5th day of illness only.
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11. Treatment
• No vaccine is available for prevention of
CHK.
• The treatment of patient is symptomatic
particularly by anti inflammatory drugs.
• The steroids are not to be used in
treatment.
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12. Vectors
• In India Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of this
virus.
• It can be transmitted by Aedes albopictus & Aedes
vitatus.
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13. Life Cycle of Aedes aegypti
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14. About Aedes aegypti………..
Feeding Habit
• Day biter
• Mainly feeds on human beings in domestic and
peridomestic situations
• Bites repeatedly
Resting Habit
• Rests in the domestic and peridomestic situations
• Rests in the dark corners of the houses, on hanging
objects like clothes, umbrella, etc. or under the furniture
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15. About Aedes aegypti………..
BREEDING HABITS
• Aedes aegypti mosquito breeds in
any type of man made containers or
storage containers having even a small
quantity of water
• Eggs of Aedes aegypti can live without
water for more than one year
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16. About Aedes aegypti………..
FAVOURED BREEDING PLACES
• Desert coolers, Drums, Jars, Pots, Buckets.
• Flower vases, Plant saucers, Tanks, Cisterns.
• Bottles, Tins, Tyres, Roof gutters.
• Refrigerator drip pans, Cement blocks.
• Bamboo stumps, Coconut shells, Tree holes and
many more places where rainwater
collects or is stored.
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17. Prevention and Control of Chikungunya
Measures for prevention and control of
CHK are the avoidance of mosquito bites and
reduction in density of vector.
Control measures are centered on:
• Avoidance of mosquito bites and reduction in the density
of vectors.
• Mosquitoes receiving sub-lethal dosages of insecticides
may have effect on CHIK virus- susceptibility of
Ae.aegypti
• All the preventive measures advocated for control of
Ae.aegypti needs to be adopted.
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18. 1.PERSONAL PROPHALATIC MEASURES
• Use of mosquito repellent creams, liquids, coils, mats
etc.
• Wearing of full sleeve shirts and full pants with socks.
• Use of bed nets for sleeping infants and young children
during day time to prevent mosquito bite.
2. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
• Use of larvivorous fishes in ornamental tanks, fountains,
etc.
• Use of biocides.
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19. 3. CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Use of chemical larvicides like abate in big breeding
containers.
• Aerosol space spray during day time.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & SOURCE
REDUCTION METHODS
• Detection & elimination of mosquito breeding sources.
• Management of roof tops, porticos and sunshades.
• Proper covering of stored water.
• Reliable water supply.
• Observation of weekly dry day.
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20. 5. HEALTH EDUCATION
• Impart knowledge to common people regarding the
disease and vector through various media sources like
News paper, Pamphlets, Exhibitions, TV, Radio, Cinema
slides, etc.
6. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
• Sensitilizing and involving the community for detection
of Aedes breeding places and their elimination
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21. DO’S AND DON’TS
• Remove water from coolers and other small containers
at least once in a week.
• Use aerosol during day time to prevent the bites of
mosquitoes.
• Do not wear clothes that expose arms and legs.
• Children should not be allowed to play in shorts and half
sleeved clothes.
• Use mosquito nets or mosquito repellents while sleeping
during day time.
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22. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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23. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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24. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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25. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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26. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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27. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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28. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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29. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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30. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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31. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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32. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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33. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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34. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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35. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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36. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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37. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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38. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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39. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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40. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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41. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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42. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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43. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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44. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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45. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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46. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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47. Aedes aegypti mosquito Breeding Places
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48. THANK YOU
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