In these slide I draw on work by TRG Arts & Active Network to consider the different ways arts and entertainment organizations generate revenue to sustain their art, work and life. I also discuss ticketing policies
3. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
Entertainment Industries Considerations
• Vertical organization!
– The entertainment industries are vertically divided between performers, agents, promoters,
venues, and ticket agencies.!
• Perishability of offering!
• Pricing Policies!
– “Scaling the house” --- the process of pricing the front rows (referred to as the ‘golden
circle’) at high prices then other seating. Practice varies quite a lot from performance to
performance both within and across industries and across time.!
– “Discounts” under various conditions!
– “Price stickiness” --- Early consumers pay the same price as those who have to wait to get
a ticket.!
• Primary Market --- “Partners”!
– Not all tickets are sold to the general public but some, usually those for the best seats, are
withheld.!
– “Deadwood” Unsold tickets shortly before the performance at discounted prices.!
• Sell-out and Rationing!
– Underpricing guaranties a sellout, and hence generates a certain amount of prestige. !
• Secondary Market --- “Middle Men”!
– Brokers, scalpers are bona fide businesspeople, who buy large blocks of seats and then
pass them along at higher prices to eager consumers.!
• Resale Regulations!
5. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
1. Pricing Should Drive Patron/Audience Behavior
• A) Don’t take just organizations view [not patrons?]!
– Best seats!
– Best time, date!
– Internal bias and assumptions!
• B) Follow Data to what Patrons Value!
– Programming!
– Seasonality!
– Opening and closing dates!
– Day of week!
– Time of day!
– Available seats!
6. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
Example: Museum Pricing
• Full Adult Price!
• Member Price!
• “Always”
available
Discounts!
– Seniors!
– Students &
young people!
– Military!
• Coupons &
Special Offers!
• Special Exhibits!
7. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
Example: Member Museum Pricing
• Visit SAIC!
http://www.artic.edu/
join-and-give/members !
• Membership Levels!
• Promotional Codes!
• National Discounts!
• Gift Membership!
• Donations!
8. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
Behavior Drives …
Behavior Drives … !
1. Entry Level Prices!
– Are they available?
Affordable?!
2. Top Ticket Prices!
– Are they data informed?
Competitive?!
3. Price Jumps or Spread!
– Are differences between
prices reasonable?!
Drive Patron Behavior!
1. Provide clear “value”
options!
– Affordable starting off price!
– Top is competitive and “worth
the price”!
– Sweet sport in the middle!
2. Reasonable “differences”
between prices!
– Comfortable jump from low to
middle!
– Middle to top – upgrade to best!
3. Keep it “simple”!
– Complexity motivates “no
thanks”!
9. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
2. Curate when and how tickets go on sale
Managing Inventory …!
Empowers you to manage
behavior …!
• Which seats?!
• Which admissions?!
• Which dates?!
• Which locations?!
• Which quantity? !
Do you allow patrons to buy …!
To sell or not to sell YOU
decide …!
Considerations:!
• Earliest possible
release date!
• Plan incentives: VIP’s
and hard-to-sell!
• Strategically distribute
and limit comps!
• Develop a good
inventory release plan. !
11. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
Event Pricing Strategies [1] By :
1. Set your goals and get input!
– Look at last events/year’s prices and quickly update the dates. !
– Sit down and brainstorm pricing with other team members internally. !
– Compare price breaks and fees to other events in the region and update
your fees accordingly.!
– Reach out to external resources (e.g. your race management software
provider or event management company) to get input on industry trends.!
– Action: Set a Target audience/registration number for event. !
2. Create Urgency!
– Participants need to have a reason to buy/register “now”!
– Pricing incentives and a limited capacity are the primary reasons people
buy/register early for an event.!
– Action: offer a low early-bird price that is only valid for 10 days or for
the first 100 registrants; promote the fact that registration is limited
and will sell out soon; put a cap on category types!
12. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
Event Pricing Strategies [2] By:
3. Determine when to “open” ticket sales or registration!
– If you do decide to wait, it is important build some buzz around when you do open.!
– Sporting events: Immediately after event for next to take advantage of online traffic flooding
to the race results (often the highest web traffic days of the year for events).!
– Action: When do you open tickets to public? !
4. Set price points!
– If participants are choosing to wait, it follows that they are not as price sensitive as early
birds. Maximise your opportunity on last minute sign up by increasing final price point. Most
of those registration decisions are based on factors other than price.!
– Action: What are your price points? How many price points?!
5. Offer price breaks!
– The total number of price breaks depends on when you open and on the specific goals of
your event.!
– Consider: Add a price break 1-2 weeks before registration/ticket sale closes. Last minute
are more impulsive and you can use this knowledge to get a bump in registrations and
revenue.!
– Consider: Set a registration/ticket cap to establish a ceiling and create added urgency.!
– Action: What are your price breaks? When do price breaks occur?!
14. @drkellypage!/drkellypage!Date: 10/7/13!
Leverage Demand
Either you have it …!
• High demand!
• Higher yield!
!
!
When?!
• As early as possible!
How?!
• VIP Advance Priority!
How many?!
• Few or none!
To whom?!
• Artists!
• Venue!
• Obligated by contract!
Or you don’t …!
• Low demand!
• Lower yield!
!
!
When?!
• As early as possible!
How?!
• Planned strategic pricing!
How many?!
• Strategically limited!
To whom?!
• Voucher!
• No hard tickets!
• Fullfill at ticket window!
How
far
in
advance
of
the
opening
date
do
2ckets
go
on
sale
to
the
public?