14. Causes
• Renal failure,
• Increased production of urea in the liver
• Decreased elimination of urea
• Dehydration
• Chronic infection of the kidney
18. Diagnosis
• AKI is diagnosed on the basis of characteristic
laboratory findings, such as
• Elevated blood urea nitrogen
• Creatinine,
• Inability of the kidneys to produce sufficient
amounts of urine.
21. • Pain in the flanks may be encountered in
thrombosis of the renal blood vessels or
inflammation of the kidney; this is the result
of stretching of the fibrous tissue capsule
surrounding the kidney.
25. Causes of Chronic Renal Failure
Diabetes mellitus
Blood pressure
IgA nephropathy
26. Signs of chronic renal failure
1. Increased urination, especially at night
2. Decreased urination
3. Blood in the urine (not a common symptom of
chronic renal failure)
4. Urine that is cloudy or tea-colored