Special Lecture to Kagawa College Japan

1. Special Lecture
特別講演
National University of
Malaysia
Geo-Environmental Issues in Malaysia
Wan Zuhairi Wan Yaacob
Geology Programme, School of Environment and Natural Resource
Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor.
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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2. Content of Presentation:
National University of
Malaysia
• Introduction to UKM
• Environmental Law and Regulations in
Malaysia
• Geo-Environmental Issues :-



Illegal dumping of toxic waste
Hydrocarbons contaminated sites
Improper closure of Landfill
Abandoned Mining Land (Acid Mine Drainage)
• Conclusions
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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3. National University of
Malaysia
1, Introduction to UKM
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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4. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
National University of
Malaysia
(National University of Malaysia)
• Established on May 18, 1970
• 2nd Oldest (UM 1949)
• 13 faculties, a Graduate School of
Business (GSB-UKM), as well as 16
research institutes of excellence in
education.
• One of the FIVE research universities
of Malaysia in 2006 (USM, UM, UPM,
UTM)
www.ukm.my
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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5. Faculty of Science and Technology
Schools
National University of
Malaysia
Programs
School of environmental and
Natural Resource Sciences
Biology, Geology, Marine Science, Environmental Science
(P = 24; AP = 25; L = 39)
School of Biosciences and
Biotechnology
Bioinformatics, Biochemistry , Plant Biotechnology,
Biotechnology with Management , Genetics, Microbiology,
Zoology
(P = 8; AP=14; L = 11)
School of Applied Physics
Physics, Material science and Nuclear Science
(P = 11; AP = 11; L = 14)
School of Chemical Sciences
and Food Technology
Chemistry, Chemical Technology, Oleo chemistry, Food
science
(P = 21; AP=14; L = 27)
School of Mathematical
Sciences
Mathematics, statistics, Actuarial Science
(P = 7; AP=8; L = 31)
(P = Professor; AP = Assoc. Professor; L = Lecturer)
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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6. Research @ UKM
• Centre for Research and
Instrumentation (CRIM)
• founded in January 1995
• Research in UKM is
divided according to
Niche areas.
• 8 Research niche areas
• Research Clusters
• Research Groups
National University of
Malaysia
Research Group
Research Nic
Research Cluster
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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7. Eight (8) Research niche areas at UKM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
National University of
Malaysia
Challenges for Nation Building
Regional Sustainable Development
Renewable Energy
Health Technology and Medicine
Climate Change
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
Biodiversity for Biotechnology Development
Content-Based Informatics
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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8. Niche 2. Regional Sustainable Development
National University of
Malaysia
6 clusters; 17 research groups
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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9. Niche 6. Nanotechnology and Advanced
Materials
National University of
Malaysia
4 clusters; 44 research groups
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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10. Consultation work
National University of
Malaysia
• Two ways
– Research Grant (external research grant)
– UKM Consultation Management Centre
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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11. National University of
Malaysia
2, Environmental Law and Regulations
in Malaysia
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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12. Environmental Law in Malaysia
National University of
Malaysia
• Environmental Quality Act 1974
(Act 127)
– Administered by the Department of
Environment.
– Part IV : PROHIBITION AND CONTROL
OF POLLUTION
• Section 24 - Restrictions on pollution of
the soil
• Section 25 - Restrictions on pollution of
inland waters (inc. Groundwater)
• Set of Regulations and Orders
• 30 Regulations
• 22 Orders
None directly related to SOIL & GROUNDWATER
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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13. Soil and Groundwater Regulation
National University of
Malaysia
• Soil remediation in Asia
– few countries where formal soil remediation laws
were in place; such as Taiwan, Korea and Japan.
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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14. Soil Remediation Regulations in Asia
National University of
Malaysia
http://www.finev.co.jp/
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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15. Groundwater Remediation Regulations in Asia
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
National University of
Malaysia
15

16. National University of
Malaysia
3, Geo-Environmental issues:
Contaminated Land
Illegal Dumping of toxic waste
Hydrocarbons contaminated site
Improper closure of Landfill
Abandoned Mining Land (Acid Mine Drainage)
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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17. National University of
Malaysia
Illegal Dumping of toxic waste
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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18. Illegal Dumping in Malaysia
National University of
Malaysia
• Illegal dumps associated
with scheduled waste
– 2002 to 2006: 107 cases
– 60% in the state of Selangor
(the most developed state in
Malaysia)
– Worst case: Felda Bukit
Gatom, Johor (2006)
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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19. Illegal dumping of hazardous waste in Malaysia
National University of
Malaysia
 7th January 2006
 Worst Case : 1000 villagers and 5 schools with 3000 pupils
affected
 2143 tons of toxic waste aluminum dross was disposed
 Emitted ammonia vapor after contact with rain (water)
“Illegal dumping of hazardous waste – that’s nothing new in Malaysia”
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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20. National University of
Malaysia
Illegal dumping of hazardous waste in Malaysia
 7000 tonnes of contaminated soil and water (groundwater)
were sent for proper disposal at Bukit Nanas Waste
Management Centre (~ 200 KM).
 Cost for proper disposal = only RM1.7 Million
 Cost for the disposal (after illegal dumping) = RM3.17 Million
(time = ~3 weeks) – Paid by the Government (National
Disaster Fund)
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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21. National University of
Malaysia
• The site after the restoration
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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22. National University of
Malaysia
What comes after this incident
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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23. New Guidelines
National University of
Malaysia
• The Malaysian Government has produced
New Guidelines for Managing Contaminated
sites :
Hazardous Substances Division (DOE)
Framework for Managing
Contaminated Sites in Malaysia
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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24. Management of contaminated
Land in Malaysia
National University of
Malaysia
• The study was conducted to fulfill the
requirement from DOE.
• Department of Environment has
published new guidelines (June
2009).
– proper assessment and
management of contaminated
land in Malaysia.
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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25. Effort by other institution
National University of
Malaysia
SIRIM BHD:
1. Guidelines For Developing And Implementing
Early Action For Site Remediation
2. Practice For Assessment Of Attaining Clean Up
Level For Site Closure
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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26. National University of
Malaysia
Hydrocarbons Contaminated Sites
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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27. Hydrocarbons Contaminated Sites
National University of
Malaysia
Inanam, Sabah
Gong Badak, Terengganu
Penampang, Sabah
 Gong Badak, Terengganu
(completed)
 Inanam, Sabah
 Penampang sabah
Next sites
 Labuan, Sabah
 Lahad Datu, Sabah
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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28. Site condition in Gong Badak, Terengganu
How far is the extent of this contaminant?
Does it reach the groundwater?
What is the RISK?
•
•
•
•
National University of
Malaysia
Former electricity transformer
Use naphthalene oil as coolant
Five concrete rims – used to trap the
spent oil
Overflow – contaminate the ground
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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29. Environmental Site Assessment (Phase II)
Sampling of surface soil
National University of
Malaysia
Sampling of surface water
Drilling (rotary method)
Sampling of groundwater
Air sampling
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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30. National University of
Malaysia
Improper closure of Landfill
Groundwater contamination
(Groundwater Modeling of Closed Landfill site in Taman
Beringin Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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31. National University of
Malaysia
Landfill in Malaysia
April 2007
 A total of 261 landfills; 111
were closed.
 From 150 active landfills,
10 are sanitary (engineered)
MHLG – Ministry of Housing and Local Government
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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32. Current status…
National University of
Malaysia
• Groundwater Remediation Plan for National
Landfill Restoration (NLR) Project in Malaysia
• National Landfill Restoration (NLR) Project for the
safe closure and restoration works for sixteen
(16) landfills in Malaysia.
• The ESA studies for all landfills were conducted
and ESA Monitoring and Rehabilitation were also
carried out
• Total cost is about RM294 million (RM18 M each)
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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33. Example: improper closure of landfill
National University of
Malaysia
Taman Beringin Landfill in Kuala Lumpur
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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34. Remediation cost RM24 million
( ¥726,975,888.00 )
National University of
Malaysia
Closed = early 2005 (8 years ago)
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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35. Taman Beringin Landfill in Kuala Lumpur
Before restoration
National University of
Malaysia
After restoration
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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36. Taman Beringin Landfill in Kuala Lumpur
Before restoration
National University of
Malaysia
After restoration
DBKL – remediation cost RM24 million ( ¥726,975,888.00 )
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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37. Environmental Problem
National University of
Malaysia
Impermeable
wall
Impermeable
wall
Installing impermeable wall
(5m depth) along the river
to prevent the underground
leachate entering the river
Nanyang Pond
Is it effective ???
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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38. Site assessment
National University of
Malaysia
• Drilling boreholes ---- >
Conceptual site model
• Computer Modeling work
using Visual Modflow Pro
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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39. Original Plan: Construct cut-off wall along Sg. Jinjang
(Depth 5m, Length 300m)
A
National University of
Malaysia
B
A
B
The cross section along x-axis (marked as dashed
yellow arrow in Figure 15) indicates the movement
of contaminants underneath the wall constructed
just 5 m depth.
The transport model of contaminants
after 3650 days
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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40. Model 1: Construct cut-off wall along Sg. Jinjang
(Depth 15m, Length 300m)
National University of
Malaysia
 The contaminant transport models
run at different time scales.
 The construction of cut-off wall along
the river will divert the flow towards
Nanyang Pond.
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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41. National University of
Malaysia
Model 2: Construct “L” shaped cut-off wall
(Depth 15m, Length 365m)
The contaminant transport model with
the construction of L-shaped cut-off
wall at different time scales.
Dam Effect
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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42. Model 3: Construct impermeable wall along Sg. Jinjang
and one pumping well
National University of
Malaysia
Pumping Well
(1000m3/day)
Pumping
well
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
Pumping
screen
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43. Model 4: Construct “L” shaped impermeable wall along
Sg. Jinjang and one pumping well in between the wall.
National University of
Malaysia
Model of L shaped cut-off wall with single
pumping well in between the walls. The
groundwater is channelled to flow through
the pumping well.
Pumping
well
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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44. National University of
Malaysia
Abandoned Mine Sites
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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45. Abandoned Mine Sites
National University of
Malaysia
AMD - common problems in mining areas
pH = 3.28
pH = 7.85
Padang Piol
Sg. Lembing
pH = 2.38
pH = 2.79
pH = 4.75
pH = 8.05
Bukit Botol, Chini
Bukit Ibam 1
Bukit Ibam 2
Kg Awah Quarry
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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46. Research conducted in this topic at in UKM
National University of
Malaysia
• Environmental Monitoring
• Remediation of AMD
 Xeolite
 activated carbon
 bentonite
 limestone
• Prediction of acid mine potential using
acid-base calculating method
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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47. National University of
Malaysia
Environmental Monitoring
pH = 2.79
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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48. Remediation of AMD
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
National University of
Malaysia
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49. National University of
Malaysia
Conclusions
• Malaysia is now heading towards a better
management of its environmental issues
especially the contaminated lands.
• New Contaminated Land Management has
become into play to promote effective
management of contaminated land in Malaysia.
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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50. National University of
Malaysia
More INFO : http://geo-environment.blogspot.com/
Thank you for your kind attention
どうもありがとうございます
Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013
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