To achieve desired impact of high yielding varieties and improved production technology, availability of high quality of seed is the first and foremost requirement.

1. Stable diagnostic characters of parental
lines and their hybrids of cotton, castor and
safflower
Yanal Alkuddsi
II Ph.D (Agri)
Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding
University of Agricultural Sciences
Dharwad, Karnataka, India, 580005

2. To achieve desired impact of high yielding varieties
and improved production technology, availability of
high quality of seed is the first and foremost
requirement.
In seed programme the maintenance of genetic
purity of the parental lines and hybrid seed is very
important.
To achieve these objectives, information on
diagnostic characters of parental lines and hybrid is
essential which can be used by seed growers/seed
corporations, seed certification agencies in order to
determine the genetic purity and also to remove the
off types from the seed crop.
Need for Diagnostic Characters:

4. TAXONOMY:
• Family: Malvaceae
• Tribe: Gossypia
• Genus: Gossipium
FLORAL BIOLOGY IN COTTON:
1. Varies from species to species
2. Calyx –5.
3. Petals-5.
4. Stamens numerous.
44

5. 55

6. 66
G. thurberiG. arboreum
G.herbaceum

7. • G. arboretum (n=13) Asiatic cottons/ old world cottons/ desi cottons
•G. herbaceum (n= 13) Asiatic cottons / old world cottons/desi cottons
- Both are diploids
- Both species have the genome A.
India appears to have been the main cotton- producing area of old world,
from there the two species spread along the commercial routes radiating
around Indian ocean
1.G.hirsutum (n=26) American cottons/ new world cottons/exotic cottons
2.G. barnadense (n= 26) American cottons/new world cottons/ exotic
cottons.
. Both are tetraploids.
. Both species carrying the genomes A and D.
. G. barbadense. Derived from a perennial cotton native to Peru, called
Tanguis.
. This variety was introduced into USA, in the name " Sea – Island" which
has the longest and finest fibres of all the cultivated cottons.

8. 88

9. 99

10. COTTON GROWING ZONES IN INDIA
NORTHERN HIRSUTUM
& ARBOREUM ZONE
CENTRAL HIRSUTUM ARBOREUM
HERBACEUM & HYBRID ZONE
SOUTHERN HIRSUTUM ARBOREUM
HERBACEUM BARBADENSE & HYBRID
ZONE
EASTERN ARBOREUM ZONE
J
H
11.0 M ha in 2010

11. G. barbadense varieties and inter-specific HxB hybrids

12. Most popular G. hirsutum varieties

13. Most popular G. hirsutum hybrids
Until 2002, about 50 hybrids were released. In the past 5
years >500 G. hirsutum Bt hybrids have been released. The
area under hybrid cotton is about 90% in 2009.

15. Hybrid RAHH-95 (Virajita)
Name of the crop and species Cotton (Intrahirsutum Hybrid)
Name of the hybrid under which
tested
RAHH-95
Proposed name of the variety Virajita
Sponsored by Dr. Shreekant . S. Patil,
Principal Scientist, ARS,
Dharwad Farm, Dharwad-
580007
Institution/ agency/ responsible for
developing the variety
University of Agricultural
Sciences, Dharwad- 580005,
Karnataka

16. RAHH-95

17. a) Plant height 150-160 cm
b) Distinguishing
morphological characters
As detailed
No. of monopodia 1-2
No. of sympodia 22-25
Leaves Medium green leaves
Stem Hairy with pale red stem
Flowers
Petal colour Yellow
Pollen colour Cream
Petal spot Absent
Boll features
Description of the Hybrid

18. Locules 4-5 locule
Shape Conical
Weight 4.5- 6.0 g
Seed index 8.8-9.5g
c) Maturity 160-170 days
d) Maturity group Medium
e)Reaction to major diseases On par with check
f) Reaction to pests On par with check
G) Agronomic features
Sowing date May- July
Spacing 90 x 60 cms
Fertilizer responsiveness 120:60:60 kg NPK /ha
Seed rate 2.5 kg/ha (fuzzy seed), 2.0 kg/ha
h) Quality of produce Bright white cotton with good boll
opening superior medium staple
cotton suitable for 40s count
i) Reaction to stresses --------------------

19. Quality of fibre Full scale Spinning Test
2.5% span length (mm) 26.4
Uniformity 49
Micronair 3.4
Fibre Strength (g/tex at 3.2 mm gauge) 23.6
Maturity coefficient 69
Microspinning
CSP 30’S
40’S
2550 against standard CSP of 2116
2464 against standard CSP of 2208
Ginning %

20. Characters Female (RAH-52) Male (RAH-80)
a) Plant height 150-165 cm 150-160 cm
b) Distinguishing
morphological characters
As detailed
No. of monopodia 1-2 1-2
No. of sympodia 20-25 21-25
Leaf Hairy with dark green
color
Tri- lobed, dull green
and sparsely hairy
Flowers
Petal colour Cream Yellow
Anther colour Cream Cream
Petal spot Absent Absent
Boll features
Description of the Parents

21. Characters Female (RAH -52) Male (RAH-80)
Bolls Oval shaped, four loculed
with pointed tip
Round to oval
shape, four loculed
with blunt tip
Seeds Greenish less Fuzzy Fuzzy
Seed index 10-10.8g 10-10.4g
c) Days to 50 % flowering 60-67 days 60-65 days
d) Maturity 165-170 days 160-165 days
e)Is there any problem of
synchronization? If yes,
methods to overcome it
No problem of synchronization
f)Reaction to major
diseases
On par with check On par with check
g) Reaction to major
pests
On par with check On par with check
h) Reaction to stresses
More productive than check

22. Hybrid RAHB-87 (Yashasvi)
Name of the crop and species Cotton (Interspecific Hybrid)
Name of the hybrid under which
tested
RAHB-87
Proposed name of the variety Yashasvi
Sponsored by Dr. Shreekant . S. Patil,
Principal Scientist, ARS,
Dharwad Farm, Dharwad-
580007
Institution/ agency/ responsible for
developing the variety
University of Agricultural
Sciences, Dharwad- 580005,
Karnataka

23. RAHB-87

24. a) Plant height 150-170 cm
b) Distinguishing morphological
characters
As detailed
No. of monopodia 1-3
No. of sympodia 20-22
Leaves Medium to big in size, green deep
cut lobes
Stem Strong stem, long internodes with
medium red pigmentation
Flowers
Petal colour Yellow
Pollen colour Yellow
Petal spot Present
Boll features
Description of the Hybrid

25. Locules 3 locules
Shape Long and pointed
Weight 3-4 g
Seed index 9-10 g
c) Maturity 180 days
d) Maturity group Medium
e)Reaction to major diseases Moderately resistant to alternaria , bacterial blight
and grey mildew diseases
f) Reaction to pests Moderately tolerant to sucking pests and bollworms
G) Agronomic features
Sowing date May- July
Spacing 90 x 60 cms
Fertilizer responsiveness 150:75:75 kg NPK /ha
Seed rate 2.5 kg/ha (fuzzy seed), 2.0 kg/ha
h) Quality of produce White cotton with good boll opening extra long
staple cotton suitable for 60s count
i) Reaction to stresses --------------------

26. Quality of fibre Full scale Spinning Test
2.5% span length (mm) 35.6
Uniformity ratio 44.0
Micronair 3.5
Fibre Strength (g/tex at 3.2 mm gauge) 28.7
Maturity coefficient 62
Microspinning
CSP 30’S
40’S
2922 against standard CSP of 2392
2648 against standard CSP of 2582
Ginning % 35.2

27. Characters Female (RAH-101-52) Male (RAB-5)
a) Plant height 150 cm 145-150 cm
b) Distinguishing
morphological characters
As detailed
monopodia 1-2 1-3
sympodia Medium size internode Multinoded longer
internode
Leaf Hairy medium size leaf
medium green
Medium dark green
Flowers Medium size Big
Petal colour Cream Deep Yellow
Anther colour Cream Yellow
Petal spot Absent Present
Boll features
Description of the Parents

28. Characters Female (RAH-101-52) Male (RAB-5)
Bolls Oval big with pointed tip,
4.5 to 5.0 g
Medium pointed 2.8
to 3.0 g
Seeds Greenish less Fuzzy Naked
Seed index 10-10.8g 9.8-10.2g
c) Days to 50 % flowering 65-70 days 70-75 days
d) Maturity 165-180 days 175-180 days
e)Is there any problem of
synchronization? If yes,
methods to overcome it
No problem of synchronization
f)Reaction to major
diseases
Moderately tolerant to
bollworm and sucking
pests
Moderately tolerant
to bollworm and
sucking pests
g) Reaction to major
pests
On par with check On par with check
h) Reaction to stresses
More productive than checks

29. Hybrid RAHH-98 (Shree)
Name of the crop and species Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum
L.)
Name of the hybrid under which
tested
RAHH-98 (Shree)
Proposed name of the variety Gossypium hirsutum L. x
Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Sponsored by Director of Research, University
of Agricultural Sciences,
Dharwad- 580007
Institution/ agency/ responsible for
developing the variety
Regional Agricultural Research
Station, Raichur, UAS,
Dharwad

30. RAHH-98 (Shree)

31. Characters Female (RAH-128) Male (RAH-104)
a) Plant height 160-170cm 150-160 cm
b) Distinguishing
morphological characters
As detailed
No. of monopodia 2-3 1-2
No. of sympodia 20-25 18-20
Leaf Medium green Green
Flowers
Petal colour Cream Yellow
Anther colour Cream Cream
Petal spot Absent Absent
Boll features
Description of the Parents

32. Characters Female (RAH -128) Male (RAH-104)
Bolls Oval shaped Round to oval, 4-5
locules
Seeds Fuzzy Fuzzy
Seed index 10-10.2 g 10.2-10.4g
c) Days to 50 % flowering 60-65 days 65-69 days
d) Days to Maturity 165-170 days 160-165days
e) Is there any problem of
synchronization? If yes,
methods to overcome it
synchronization
f) Reaction to major
diseases
Moderately tolerant to
BLB, GM
Moderately tolerant
to BLB, GM
g) Reaction to major
pests
Moderately tolerant to
sucking pests and
bollworms
Moderately tolerant
to sucking pests
and bollworms

34. Ricinus communis
Castor oil plant
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Acalypheae
Subtribe: Ricininae
Genus: Ricinus
Species: R. communis
Binomial name
Ricinus communis
L.

35. • Castor is an important industrial oilseed crop in the world with wide adaptation.
There is a need to make castor more productive to meet the global demand. This
can be achieved through genetic enhancement for productivity as well by
introgression genetic resistance to major biotic and a biotic stresses such as
Fusarium wilt, Macrophomina root rot, Botrytis grey rot, lepidopteran and sucking
pests and drought.
1. Recommended variety for a particular area should he chosen.
2. Seed treatment with Thiram (3 g/kg of seed) should he done before sowing to prevent the
attack of root rot and alternaria blight.
3.Sowing should be done at the right time as recommended for different agro-climatic
conditions. Sowing should he done with proper spacing as recommended for different regions.
4.The recommended fertilizer schedule for the region should he adopted.
5. Proper, timely and adequate plant-protection manure should be adopted to save the crop from
insect pests and diseases.
6. Two to three intercultures should be done to provide aeration for the root-system and to keep
the crop free from weeds.
7. The nipping of branches increases the size of the main spike and induces early maturity.
8. Harvesting must be done at the right time, as too early or too late harvesting results in
reduced yield, oil and shattering of seed respectively
Important hints for getting Maximum yields

36. GAUCH-1 (VHB -44)
• Year of release: 1973
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 786, 02-02-1976
• Released at central or state level: State
• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre
Oilseeds Research Station
Junagadh Agricultural University
Junagadh,Gujarat
• Pedigree/ type of material: VP-1/VI-9, hybrid
• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed regions of Gujarat
• Duration: Early
• Growth habit: Medium
• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1520
• Source of seed: Gujarat State Seed Corporation, Gandhinagar

37. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GAUCH-1 VP-1 VI-9
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Present Present
Stem colour Light red Green Green
Bloom Triple Triple (thick) Double
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Condensed Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Convergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Basal Basal
Plant height Medium to
tall
short Medium to
tall
Plant type Normal Dwarf Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young emerging
leaves
Absent Absent Absent
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Absent Absent

38. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GAUCH-1 VP-1 VI-9
Shape Flat Deep cup Flat
Lascinataion on 4th leaf from top Shallow Shallow Shallow
Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Smooth
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Interspersed Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters Basal Basal Basal
Shape Conical Conical, Long Conical
Arrangment of capsules Semi-compact Semi-compact Compact
Capsule characters
Size Bold Bold Bold
Spininess Spiny Spiny Spiny
Spin length (mm) 19 19-20
Seed characters
Size Medium Medium Medium
Shape Oval Oval Oval
Colour Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown
Mottling High High Small
Caruncle Big Small Small

39. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GAUCH-1 VP-1 VI-9
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 45-50 40-50 50-60
Days to maturity (first picking) 90-100 110-120 90-100
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 70-90 60-70 60-70
Number of nodes to primary raceme 12-16 12-18 13-15
100 seed weight (g) 19-21 27-29 24-28
Oil content 46-47 47-50 40
GAUCH-1 (VHB -44)

40. GCH-2 (VHB-150)
• Year of release: 1985
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 258(E), 14-05-1986
• Released at central or state level: State
• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre
Oilseeds Research Station
Junagadh Agricultural University
Junagadh, Gujarat
• Pedigree/ type of material: VP-1/JI-35, hybrid
• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed regions of Gujarat
• Duration: Medium
• Growth habit: Medium
• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1750
• Source of seed: Gujarat State Seed Corporation, Gandhinagar

41. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-2 VP-1 JI-35
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Present Present
Stem colour Green with
reddish tinge
Green Green
Bloom Triple Triple (thick) Double
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Condensed Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Convergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Basal Basal
Plant height Medium short Medium
Plant type Normal Dwarf Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young emerging
leaves
Absent Absent Absent
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Absent Absent

42. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-2 VP-1 JI-35
Shape Flat Deep cup Flat
Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Smooth
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Interspersed Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters
Shape Conical Conical, Long Conical
Arrangment of capsules Semi-compact Semi-compact Compact
Capsule characters
Spininess Spiny Spiny Spiny
Seed characters
Shape Oval Oval Elongated
Colour Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown
Mottling High High High
Caruncle Big Small Big

43. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-2 VP-1 JI-35
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 50-55 45-50 60-65
Days to maturity (first picking) 115-120 110-120 100-110
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 70-80 25-30 70-80
Number of nodes to primary raceme 15-17 12-17 15-17
100 seed weight (g) 28-30 26 20
Oil content 47-49 38-40 37
GCH-2 (VHB-150)

44. GCH-4 (SHB-18)
• Year of release: 1986
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 10 (E), 01-01-1988
• Released at central or state level: Central
• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Castor and
Mustard Research Station,Sardar
Krushi Nagar Dantiwada
Aricultural University, S.K.Nagar, Gujarat
• Pedigree/ type of material: VP-1/48-1, hybrid
• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed castor growing
regions of India
• Duration: Medium
• Growth habit: Medium
• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1985
• Source of seed: Gujarat State Seed Corporation, Gandhinagar
• Special Features: Tolerant to Fusarium wilt, resistant to leaf
hoppers

45. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Present Present
Stem colour Light red Green Red
Bloom Triple Triple (thick) Double
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Condensed Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Convergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Basal Top
Plant height Medium tall short Tall
Plant type Normal Dwarf Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young emerging
leaves
Absent Absent Absent
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Absent Absent

46. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1
Shape Flat Deep cup Flat
Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Number of lobes More(>10) Few(<10) Few(<10)
Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Smooth
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Interspersed Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters
Shape Conical Conical, Long Long,Conical
Arrangment of capsules Semi-compact Semi-compact Loose
Capsule characters
Colour Green with
reddish tinge
Green Green with reddish
tinge
Spininess Semi- spiny Spiny Non- spiny
Size Bold Bold Bold
Seed characters
Size Medium Medium Medium bold
Shape Oval Oval Oval
Colour Dark brown Dark brown Light brown

47. Reproductive phase Hybrid Female Male
Seed characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1
Mottling High High High
Caruncle Big Small Small
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 50-55 45-50 55-65
Days to maturity (first picking) 100-110 110-120 110-120
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 14-17 25-30 15-17
Number of nodes to primary raceme 70-90 12-17 70-125
100 seed weight (g) 28-29 26 28.4
Oil content 48-50 38-40 47-48
GCH-4 (SHB-18)

49. GCH-5 (SHB-145)
• Year of release: 1996
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 647(E), 09-09-1997
• Released at central or state level: Central
• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Castor and
Mustard Research Station,Sardar
Krushi Nagar Dantiwada
Aricultural University, S.K.Nagar, Gujarat
• Pedigree/ type of material: Geeta/SH-72, hybrid Geeta, a pistillate
selection from 48-1, SH 72- VI- 9/ Masalio, inbred
• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed castor growing regions of
India
• Duration: Late
• Growth habit: Tall
• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 2800
• Source of seed: Gujarat State Seed Corporation, Gandhinagar
• Special Features: Resistant to wilt and tolerant to root rot, tolerant to
jassids, white fly, capsule borer and moisture stress

50. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-5 Geeta SH-72
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Present Absent
Stem colour Mahogany Red Green
Bloom Double Double Double
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Elongated Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Divergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Top Basal
Plant height Tall Tall Medium tall
Plant type Normal Normal Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young
emerging leaves
Present Present Absent
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Green with
reddish veins
Green with
reddish veins
Green

51. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1
Shape Flat Flat Flat
Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Hairiness Absent Absent Absent
Petiole surface Rough Rough Smooth
Reproductive phase
Colour of fully developed stigma Red Red Red
Type of flowers on primary spike Interspersed Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters
Size Long Long Medium
Shape Conical Conical Conical
Arrangment of capsules Semi-compact Semi-compact Loose
Capsule characters
Colour Green Green Green
Spininess Semi- spiny Spiny Non- spiny
Size Bold Bold Bold
Seed characters
Size Medium bold Medium bold Medium bold
Shape Oval Elongated Oval
Colour Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown

52. Hybrid Female Male
Seed characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1
Mottling High High High
Caruncle Small Small Small
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 52-57 55-60 55-60
Days to maturity (first picking) 110-120 110-120 110-120
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 14-19 17-23 14-21
Number of nodes to primary raceme 58-62 90-130 60-70
100 seed weight (g) 27-28 20-25 27-29
Oil content 49.7 48-50 49-50

53. GCH-6 (JHB-665)
• Year of release: 1997
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 1050(E), 26-10-1999
• Released at central or state level: Central
• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Oilseeds Research Station,
Junagadh Aricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat
• Pedigree/ type of material: JP65/ JI-96, HYBRID
• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed castor growing regions of
India
• Duration: Medium
• Growth habit: Medium
• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1300 (Rainfed), 2300 (Irrigated)
• Source of seed: Gujarat State Seed Corporation, Gandhinagar
• Special Features: Resistant to root rot, tolerant to wilt, resistant to
lodging, non shattering

54. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-6 JP-65 JI-96
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Present
Stem colour Red Red Mahogany
Bloom Double Zero Triple
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Elongated Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Divergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Basal Basal
Plant height Medium Medium Medium
Plant type Normal Normal Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young
emerging leaves
Absent Present Present
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Present Present

55. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1
Shape Flat Flat Flat
Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Smooth
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Mostly female Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters
Size Long Medium long Medium
Shape Conical Conical
Arrangment of capsules compact compact Semi
Capsule characters
Colour Green Red Green
Spininess spiny Spiny spiny
Size Bold Bold
Seed characters
Size Medium bold Medium bold Medium bold
Shape Elongated Elongated Elongated
Colour Light Chocolate Chocolated Dark brown

56. Hybrid Female Male
Seed characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1
Mottling High High High
Caruncle Big Big Big
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 55-60 55-60 60-65
Days to maturity (first picking) 95-105 100-110 110-120
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 80-85 75 90
Number of nodes to primary raceme Mean
Range
16
14-17
15
12-16
17
15-19
100 seed weight (g) 33.0 29.2 33.3
Oil content 48.1 47.8 48.1

57. GCH-6 (JHB-665)

58. Deepti (DCH-32)
• Year of release: 1998
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 401 (E), 15-05-1998
• Released at central or state level: Central
• Developed by : Directorate of Oilseeds Reaearch, Hyderabad
• Pedigree/ type of material: LRES-17 /REC-5, Hybrid
• Recommended ecology: Early and timely sown rainfed areas of hot semi-
arid Deccan Plateau (Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka) and
irrigated areas of Maharashtra Rajasthan and Gujarat
• Duration: Early
• Growth habit: Medium
• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1030 (Rainfed)
• 2460 (Irrigated)
• Source of seed: Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad
• Special Features: Resistant to leaf hoppers, suitable for early and timely
sown conditions

59. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters Deepti LRES-17 REC-5
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Present Present Present
Stem colour Red Green Red
Bloom Triple Triple Double
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Condensed Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Convergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Basal Basal
Plant type Normal Dwarf Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young
emerging leaves
Absent Absent Present

60. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters Deepti LRES-17 REC-5
Shape Flat Deep cup Flat
Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Hairiness Absent Absent Absent
Number of lobes Few (<10) Few (<10) Few (<10)
Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Smooth
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Monoecious Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters
Shape Conical Conical Conical
Compactenss compact Semi-compact Compact
Capsule characters
Colour Green Green Green
Spininess spiny Spiny spiny
Size Bold Small Medium
Seed characters
Size Medium bold Small Medium bold
Shape Oval Oval Oval

61. Reproductive phase Hybrid Female Male
Seed characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1
Colour Brown Light chocolate Light Brown
Mottling High Low High
Caruncle Small Small Small
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 30-35 40 30
Days to maturity (first picking) 85-95 95-110 80-90
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 150-200 30-35 40-55
Number of nodes to primary raceme Mean
Range
11
9-13
12
9-14
10
9-12
100 seed weight (g) 27.2 25.4 23.0
Oil content 48.5 48.6 48.6

62. Deepti (DCH-32)

63. TMVCH-1
• Year of release: 1998
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 425 (E), 08-06-1999
• Released at central or state level: Central
• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Tapioca and Castor Research
Station, Yethapur, Tamil Nadu
Aricultural University, Coimbatore
• Pedigree/ type of material: LRES-17 /TMV-5, Hybrid
• Recommended ecology: Pure and intercropping situations of Salem,
Namakkal, Erode and parts of Trichy and Pudukottai districts of Tamil
Nadu during Kharif under rainfed conditions
• Duration: Medium
• Growth habit: Medium to tall
• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1180
• Source of seed: Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad
• Special Features: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore

64. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters TMVCH-1 LRES-17 TMV-5
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Present Present Present
Stem colour Red Light green Red
Bloom Triple Triple Triple
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Condensed Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Convergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Basal Basal
Plant height Medium to
tall
Short Medium
Plant type Normal Dwarf Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young
emerging leaves
Present Absent Present

65. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters TMVCH-1 LRES-17 TMV-5
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Present Absent Present
Shape Flat cup Flat
Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Hairiness Absent Absent Absent
Number of lobes Few (<10) Few (<10) Few (<10)
Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Smooth
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Monoecious Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters
Shape Conical Conical Conical
Arrangement of capsules Semi- compact Semi-compact Semi- Compact
Capsule characters
Colour Green Green Green with purple tinge
Spininess spiny Spiny spiny
Size Medium Bold Bold Medium
Seed characters
Size Medium Medium Small
Shape Oval Oval Oval

66. Hybrid Female Male
Seed characters TMVCH-1 LRES-17 TMV-5
Colour Light chocolate Light chocolate Grew
speckled with
dark septa
Mottling High Small High
Caruncle Big Small Big
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 50-60 40-50 50-60
Days to maturity (first picking) 160-170 125-145 140-150
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 135-150 55-80 135-150
Number of nodes to primary raceme Mean
Range
12
14-18
10
9-14
12
10-18
100 seed weight (g) 26.5 25.5 20.0
Oil content (%) 47-49 48-49 46-49

67. Deepak (DCH- 177)
• Year of release: 1999
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 821 (E), 13-09-2000
• Released at central or state level: Central
• Developed by : Directorate of Oilseeds Reasearch, Hyderabad
• Pedigree/ type of material: DPC-9/DCS-9 (Jyothi)
• Recommended ecology: Rainfed areas of hot semi- arid Deccan plateau
(Andra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Karnataka) and irrigated areas of
Maharashtra
• Duration: Medium
• Growth habit: Medium
• Average seed yield (kg/ha):
Rainfed: 1550
Irrigated: 2130
• Source of seed: Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad
• Special Features: Resistant to Fusarium wilt and white fly, resistant to
lodging non- shattering escapes from Botrytis in early sown conditions

68. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters DCH 177 DPC 9 Jyoti
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Present Present Present
Stem colour Red Green Red
Bloom Single Zero Double
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Elongated Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Divergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Basal Basal
Plant height Medium tall Medium Short
Plant type Normal Normal Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young
emerging leaves
Present Present Present

69. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters DCH 177 DPC 9 Jyoti
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Present Absent Present
Shape Flat cup Flat
Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Hairiness Absent Absent Absent
Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Rough
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Mostly Pistillate Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters
Size Long Long Short
Shape Conical Conical Conical
Arrangement of capsules compact compact Compact
Capsule characters
Colour Dark Green Dark Green Green
Spininess spiny Spiny spiny
Size Medium Bold Medium Bold Bold
Seed characters
Size Medium bold Medium bold Medium bold
Shape Oval Square Oval

70. Hybrid Female Male
Seed characters DCH 177 DPC 9 Jyoti
Colour Brown Light Brown Brown
Mottling Small Small High
Caruncle Big Big Big
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 35-45 40-45 30-35
Days to maturity (first picking) 90-100 105-125 90-100
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) Mean
Range
185
150-220
-
60-110
-
60-100
Number of nodes to primary raceme Mean
Range
14
11-17
12
10-16
10
9-12
100 seed weight (g) 27.8 25.7 29
Oil content (%) 49.0 50.2 48.5

71. Deepak (DCH- 177)

72. RCH-1 (RHC-1)
• Year of release: 2000
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 937(E), 04-09-2002
• Released at central or state level: State
• Developed by :: AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Aricultural Research Station,
Mandor, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner
• Pedigree/ type of material: VP-1X TMV-5-1, hybrid
• Recommended ecology: Irrigated areas of Rajasthan
• Duration: Medium
• Growth habit: Medium
• Average seed yield (kg/ha):
Rainfed: 900-1200
Irrigated: 3000-3200
• Source of seed: Resistant to leaf hoppers
• Special Features: Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Rajasthan

73. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters RCH-1 VP-1 TMV 5-1
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Present Present Present
Stem colour Mahogany Green Mahogany
Bloom Triple (Thick) Triple (Thick) Triple (Thick)
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Condensed Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Convergent Divergent
Location of branches Basal Basal Basal
Plant height Medium tall Short Medium tall
Plant type Normal Dwarf Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young
emerging leaves
Present Absent Present

74. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters RCH-1 VP-1 TMV 5-1
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Absent Present
Shape Flat Deep cup Flat
Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Hairiness Few (<10) More (>10) More (>10)
Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Smooth
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Monoecious Pistillate Monoecious
Spike characters
Shape Conical Conical, long Conical
Compactness Semi- compact Semi- compact Compact
Capsule characters
Colour Green Green Green with purple tinge
Spininess spiny Spiny spiny
Size Medium Bold Bold Medium Bold
Seed characters
Size Medium Medium Medium
Shape Oval Oval Oval

75. Hybrid Female Male
Seed characters RCH-1 VP-1 TMV 5-1
Colour Brown Dark Brown Dark Brown
Mottling Small High High
Caruncle Small Small Big
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering 45 40-45 140-150
Days to maturity (first picking) 120 110-20 120-130
Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 80-90 60-70 70-80
Number of nodes to primary raceme 13-17 12-18 10-18
100 seed weight (g) 26-28 27-29 27-29
Oil content (%) 49.3 47-50 46-49

76. RCH-1 (RHC-1)

77. DCH 519
• Year of release: 2006
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 599(E), 25-04-2006
• Released at central or state level: Central
• Developed by :: Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad
• Pedigree/ type of material: M-574/DCS-78, hybrid
• Recommended ecology: Rainfed and Irrigated conditions, all over India
• Duration: Medium
• Growth habit: Medium
• Average seed yield (kg/ha):
Rainfed: 1740
Irrigated: 2130
• Source of seed: Resistant to Fusarium wilt, leaf hoppers
• Special Features: Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad

78. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters DCH 519 M 574 DCS 78
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Medium Medium
Stem colour Green Green Green
Bloom Triple Triple Double
Type of internodes on stem Elongated Condensed Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent Convergent Divergent
Plant height Medium to tall Short to medium Medium to tall
Plant type Normal Dwarf Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young emerging
leaves
Absent Absent Absent
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Absent Absent
Shape Flat Flat Flat
Lascination (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow
Hairiness Absent Absent Absent
Number of lobes Few (=10) Few (8-9) Few (=10)
Petiole surface Rough Rough Smooth
Petiole length (cm) 42 23 41

79. Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male
Plant characters DCH 519 M 574 DCS 78
Length of 3 rd leaf from top (cm) 46-47 24 43-44
Reproductive phase
Type of flowers on primary spike Monoecious Pistillate Monoecious
Length of primary raceme (cm) 55-60 45-50 45-50
Spike characters
Shape Conical Conical, long Conical
Arrangement of capsules Semi- compact Semi- compact Semi- Compact
Capsule characters
Colour Green Green Green
Spininess spiny Spiny spiny
Size Bold Medium Bold Bold
Capsule Length (mm) 18-20 18 18-20
Spine Length (mm) 8.4 5.9 7.9
Dehiscence Non- dehiscent Non-dehiscent Non- dehiscent
Seed characters
Size Medium Medium Medium
Shape Oval Oval Elongated

80. Hybrid Female Male
Seed characters DCH 519 M 574 DCS 78
Colour Brown Brown Brown
Mottling High High High
Caruncle Big Big Big
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering of primary raceme Mean
Range
61
53-92
50
50-55
54
50-60
Days to maturity (first picking) 105-110 100-110 110-120
Plant height (cm) 100-120 40-50 80-90
Number of nodes to primary raceme Mean
Range
14
11-18
10
12-16
13
11-18
100 seed weight (g) mean
Range
25.7
23.3-28.6 24-26 25-28
Oil content (%) Mean
Range
49
46.1-50.9 46-49 47-50

81. DCH 519

82. GCH -7 (SHB-758)
• Year of release: 2007
• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 1178(E), 20-07-2007
• Released at central or state level: State
• Developed by: AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Castor and Mustard Research
Station, Sardar Krushi Nagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, S.K.
Nagar, Gujarat
• Pedigree/ type of material: SKP-84/SKI-215, hybrid
• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed castor growing regions of
Gujarat
• Duration: Medium
• Growth habit: Medium
• Mean seed yield (kg/ha): 3000
• Source of seed: Resistant to Fusarium wilt, leaf hoppers
• Special Features: Gujarat State Seed Corporation, Gandhinagar

83. Morphological description
Vegetative Phase Hybrid
Plant characters GCH 7
Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent
Stem colour Light red/ mahogany
Bloom Triple
Type of internodes on stem Elongated
Branching pattern Divergent
Location of branches Basal
Plant height Medium to tall
Plant type Normal
Leaf characters
Anthocyanin pigmentation of young
emerging leaves
Absent
Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent
Shape Slightly cup shaped

84. Vegetative Phase Hybrid
Plant characters GCH-7
Lasination on 4th leaf from top Shallow
Hairiness Absent
Number of lobes >10
Petiole surface Smooth
Reproductive phase
Colour of fully developed stigma Red
Type of flowers on primary spike Interspersed
Spike characters
Shape Conical
Arrangement of capsules Semi- compact
Capsule characters
Colour Green
Spininess Semi- spiny
Size Bold
Seed characters
Size Medium bold
Shape Oval

85. Hybrid
Seed characters DCH 519
Colour Light
Chocolate
Mottling High
Caruncle Small
Quantitative description
Days to 50 % flowering of primary
raceme
60
Days to maturity (first picking) 110-120
Plant height (cm) up to base of
primary (cm)
80-90
Number of nodes to primary raceme 18-22
100 seed weight (g) 28-29
Oil content (%) Mean
Range
48-49

86. GCH -7 (SHB-758)

88. Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Cynareae
Genus: Carthamus
Species: C. tinctorius
Binomial name
Carthamus tinctorius
(Mohler, Roth, Schmidt & Boudreaux, 1967)

89. Safflower oil is flavorless and colorless, and nutritionally similar
to sunflower oil. It is used mainly in cosmetics and as acooking oil,
in salad dressing, and for the production of margarine. It may also be
taken as a nutritional supplement. INCI nomenclature is Carthamus
tinctorius.
Safflower flowers are occasionally used in cooking as a cheaper substitute
for saffron, and are thus sometimes referred to as "bastard saffron."
Safflower seed is also used quite commonly as an alternative to sunflower seed
in birdfeeders, as squirrels do not like the taste of it.
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like
annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves. Plants are 30 to
150 cm tall with globular flower heads (capitula) and commonly, brilliant yellow,
orange or red flowers.

94. NARI-NH-1 (PH6)
Year of release 2001
Released at central or state level Central
Developed by AICRP Safflower centre,
Nimbkar Agricultural
Institute, Phaltan,
Maharashtra
Recommended region/area All India
Nature of plant Non-spiny
Branching habit -
Plant height (cm) 103.2
Days to 50% flowering 85
Days to maturity 127
Capitulum size -
Seed size -
100 seed weight (g) 3.81
Hull content (%) 47.51
Seed oil content (%) 30
Special attributes Non-spiny, moderately
tolerant to Alternaria and
aphid
Potential yield (kg/ha) 1936
Average yield (kg/ha) 1500

95. MRSA-521
Year of release 2006
Released at central or
state level
Central
Developed by MAHYCO, Jalna
Recommended
region/area
All India
Nature of plant Spiny
Branching habit -
Plant height (cm) 95-100
Days to 50% flowering 70-80
Days to maturity 120-130
Capitulum size -
Seed size -
100 seed weight (g) 3.4-5.3
Hull content (%) -
Seed oil content (%) 27
Special attributes Resistant to wilt
Potential yield (kg/ha) 1000-1500 (rainfed)
2200-2500(irrigated)
Average yield (kg/ha) -

96. MKH- 11
Year of release 1997
Released at central or
state level
Central
Developed by MAHYCO, Jalna
Recommended
region/area
All India
Nature of plant Spiny
Branching habit -
Plant height (cm) -
Days to 50% flowering 84-86
Days to maturity 120-125
Capitulum size -
Seed size -
100 seed weight (g) 5
Hull content (%) 44.43
Seed oil content (%) 28
Special attributes High yield, moderately
tolerant to wilt, Alternaria
and aphid
Potential yield (kg/ha) 3500 (irrigated)
Average yield (kg/ha) 2200 (irrigated)

97. NARI-H-15
Year of release 2005
Released at central or state level Central
Developed by AICRP Safflower centre, Nimbkar
Agricultural Research Institute,
Phaltan, Maharashtra
Recommended region/area Assured irrigated areas in India
Nature of plant Spiny
Branching habit -
Plant height (cm) 98.9
Days to 50% flowering 89
Days to maturity 125-135
Capitulum size -
Seed size -
100 seed weight (g) 59.2
Hull content (%) 44.93
Seed oil content (%) 28
Special attributes Moderately tolerant to aphid
Potential yield (kg/ha) 2300
Average yield (kg/ha) -

98. NARI-H-15

99. 99
Causes of Heterosis and
Path of Productivity