1. Financially Viable Media In Emerging and Developing Markets A report to the The World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) by Anne Nelson

3. Support the development of newspaper publishing around the world

4. Promote co-operation between its member organizations, worldwideWAN-IFRA is made up of 76 national newspaper associations, 12 news agencies, 10 regional press organizations and individual newspaper executives in 100 countries.

5. The analysis presented deals with the economic aspects of media systems while considering their function within a democratic system of governance.

6. Several key findings emerged from the WAN-IFRA research Censorship and violence against journalists still occur in many places, while other countries are operating with unprecedented freedom

7. Several key findings emerged from the WAN-IFRA research Media managers and editors in developing countries are unable to take full advantage of their new freedoms because they lack basic business management skills.

8. Several key findings emerged from the WAN-IFRA research While digital media is sweeping the globe, it is also deteriorating the business model of newspapers in North America

9. Media Development Market Model Forces and Influences Actual Market Position Desired Market Position Financially Sustainable Financially Sustainable MARKET DRIVEN FREE MEDIA MARKET DRIVEN FREE MEDIA PROFIT DRIVEN PROFIT DRIVEN Not Free & Independent Not Free & Independent Free & Independent Free & Independent IDEALS DRIVEN POLITICALLY ALIGNED IDEALS DRIVEN GRANT/ DONOR DEPENDENT GRANT/ DONOR DEPENDENT Not Financially Sustainable Not Financially Sustainable Source: Byrne, 2010

11. From 66 countries

13. The level of country’s GDP per capitaSources: World Press Trends 2010, World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers

15. A long-term slowdown in the U.S. and European marketsCirculation of Dailies

17. A long-term slowdown in the U.S. and European marketsCirculation of Dailies

19. A long-term slowdown in the U.S. and European marketsFacts and Figures Sources: World Press Trends 2010, World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers

21. A long-term slowdown in the U.S. and European marketsFacts and Figures Sources: World Press Trends 2010, World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers

22. Business and Media Skills Needed but Least Supported: 57% No, my company did not receive any such external financial or non-financial aid/support 1% 57% 5% 16% Non-financial support such as training, strategic advice and similar financed by external sources. 8% 13% 13% Financial support for implementation of media development projects. 8% Government/state aid 5% Other 16% 1% Loans or credits provided by media development organizations

23. EGYPT

24. Egypt Country Data Sources: CIA World Factbook and Egyptian Ministry of Communications

25. Egypt’s Advertising Market Penetration Market growth: Annual compound growth rate of 7 percent over the period of 2009-2013: $720 Million

31. Georgia has extended periods of political unrest and conflict. The news media often find themselves in the line of fire. Country Facts and Figures Sources: World Bank Development Indicators and other World Bank statistics, UN Population Information Network, Budde Communications Inc.

33. Only 1% has gone to newspapersShare of Advertising by Medium in Georgia compared to the rest of the World

34. ALTERNATE SLIDE Share of Advertising by Medium in Georgia and the World Many Georgians believe that independent print media have no ability to compete in the advertising market with the television companies, closely aligned with the ruling party, regulatory authorities, and advertising tycoons. Facts and Figures Source: WAN-IFRA, 2009

37. Regulatory authorities

39. A way the State channels money toward loyal newspapers.Daily Financial Newspaper (Print) www.24saati.ge (Online Newspaper)

40. The only newspaper audience research to date was funded by: The Georgian television industry has also received structured assistance:

41. GUATEMALA

42. Guatemala is a lower-middle income developing country. The print journalism market is constrained by illiteracy. Country Facts and Figures Sources: World Bank Development Indicators and other World Bank statistics, UN Population Information Network, Budde Communications Inc.

43. Media in Transition

45. PrensaLibre and NuestroDiario publish approximately 430,000 newspapers daily# of Issues: 280,000 One page of advertising: $3,750 # of Issues: 18,000 One page of advertising: $400 # of Issues: 27,000 One page of advertising: $1,200 Guatemalan Newspapers circulation, rates (July 2010) # of Issues: 146,605 One page of advertising: $3,750 # of Issues: 60,000 One page of advertising: $1,200

46. ALTERNATE SLIDE Guatemalan Newspapers circulation, rates (July 2010) Source: Data facilitated by the Secretariat of Social Communication, Guatemalan Government. (August 2010) Prices offered to the government in US dollars.

48. 40% of the capital:

49. Provided by 135 private individuals, who invested US $10,000 each.

50. 60% of the capital:

51. Provided by the newspaper workersPrint Newspaper Online Newspaper

52. International Aid to Guatemalan Media These organizations have contributed to the improvement of Guatemalan media prospects. United Nations Children’s Fund Norwegian Agency For Development Cooperation Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Ford Foundation Human Institute For Development Cooperation Media Development Loan Fund Danish International Development Agency Soros Foundation United States Agency For International Development Spanish Cooperation Agency

55. Linked radio stations via a web platform

59. Ranked 172 out of 182 countries on the UNDP Index

60. Media market is in an early phase of developmentCountry Facts and Figures Sources: World Bank Development Indicators and other World Bank statistics, UN Population Information Network, Budde Communications Inc.

64. Email and fax-papers have 400 dedicated subscribers# of Publications: 15,000 Newspapers Weekly Circulation # of Publications: 5,000 # of Publications: 13,000 # of Publications: 20,000 # of Publications: 12,000

65. Challenges in the Advertisement Market One of the main challenges facing the private media sector in Mozambique is the limited ability of the press to attract advertising revenues and remain economically viable.

66. Organizations Supporting Mozambique Media Development Media Support The organization focuses on re-orienting toward the defense of the legal and labor rights of its members. Member of the MISA Southern Africa network aimed at promoting and defending freedom of expression and speech. Donor Support The Southern African Media Development Fund (SAMDEF) has contributed to the development of the press to launch its daily O Pais.

67. VIETNAM

69. Ranked 172 out of 182 countries on the UNDP Index

70. Media market is in an early phase of developmentCountry Facts and Figures Sources: World Bank Development Indicators and other World Bank statistics, UN Population Information Network, Budde Communications Inc.

71. Vietnam’s newspaper sector is fully state-owned and exhibits a clearly defined “two tier” system. 1. Acts as a propaganda machine for the state, and in return, news papers receive heavy subsidies. 2. A smaller elite of newspapers are granted financial independence to reduce budgetary burden.

73. with secondary education

74. who earn between US$299 and $699 per month# of Issues: 400,000 Newspapers Daily Circulation # of Issues: 380,000 # of Issues: 400,000 # of Issues: 180,000 # of Issues: 250,000

76. 76 newspapers are national

77. 102 newspapers are localVietnam’s Newspaper Market Sources: Publisher and interviewee estimates, Google Analytics