Dublinked Innovation Network Transport Event - Dr. Atif Manzoor, TCD

1. Future Cities – Smart
Transportation Research
Dr. Atif Manzoor
Distributed Systems Group
Trinity College Dublin
Public Transport Data Event
06 Dec 2012
Lero© 2012

2. Agenda
• Future cities
– Challenges
– Research @ DSG
• Smart transportation
– Challenges
– Research @ DSG
Lero© 2012

3. Urban population growth
180,000 people move to cities every day
By 2050, ~75% of population will live in cities
Lero© 2012

4. Urban sprawl
Negative impact on traffic CO2 emissions
Negative impact on cost of public services
Lero© 2012

5. Increasing energy demand
Increase across all sectors: transport; industry; residential; services
Lero© 2012

6. Increasing elderly
population
In 2000, 6.9% of world’s population 65+
By 2050, 15.6% of world’s population 65+
Lero© 2012

7. Future cities research @
DSG
Sensing
Communications
Intelligence
Improved
Services
Lero© 2012

8. Research Areas
• Smart infrastructure: management of urban-scale critical
infrastructure (USCI)
– autonomic management techniques modelled as self-organising multi-agent systems
that exploit model-free learning algorithms to associate meaning and actions with
available sensor data
• Smart transportation: improving the reliability and safety of road
transportation
– advanced urban traffic control and highway management systems
• Smart urban-scale sensing: middleware and communications
architectures to allow data from both public and user-contributed
sensors to be exploited by smart cities
– wireless sensor networks, vehicular sensor networks, and participatory sensing
• Smart services: middleware for adaptable software services
– run-time statistical timing analysis, timely reconfiguration; multi-layer
Lero© 2012

9. Agenda
• Future cities
– Challenges
– Research @ DSG
• Smart transportation
– Challenges
– Research @ DSG
Lero© 2012

10. Modern Society?
Lero© 2012

11. Air pollution
Premature deaths increase ~150 per million (in 2000) to ~390
per million (in 2030)
Lero© 2012

12. Air Pollution Deaths
Premature deaths from PM10 air pollution for 2000 and 2030
(cases per million inh)
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
World
Rest of
the World
South Asia
(including India)
China
Russia
Brazil
Asia
North America
Europe
Pacific
2000
2030
OECD
Source: OECD, 2008
Lero© 2012

13. Cost of congestion
In 2007, congestion induced economic losses in Dublin were 4.1% of GDP
Lero© 2012

14. Cost of Congestion
Average time (hours) wasted in congestion every year
74
71
64
57
50
44
37
49
19
45
28
25
21 20
47
43
38 35
37
27
45
54
27
35
30
23
35
42
33
38
20
Source: Time Magazine, Texas Transportation Institute
Lero© 2012

15. Deaths in traffic
In 2010, RTAs were no. 1 cause of death in 15-44 year-olds in the U.S.
Lero© 2012

16. Smart transportation
Smart infrastructure
Collaborating smart vehicles
Less congestion
Saving time
Lero© 2012
Fewer crashes
Increased safety
Reduced pollution
Green transport

17. Smart Infrastructure
• Urban scale critical infrastructure modelled as multi-agent systems
– Traffic-light controllers on a junction modelled as an intelligent agent
• Learn suitable actions through interaction with environment
• Suitable for dynamic operating environments
– Urban traffic control system modelled as multi-agent systems
• Use of multi-agent cooperation to manage dependencies between agents
to improve overall system performance
– Self-organizing
• Global behaviours arise from local actions and interactions
• No central control or global system view
– Multiple performance goals/policies
Lero© 2012

18. Collaborating Smart
Vehicles
Lero© 2012

19. Challenges
• Dynamic environment
– High speed movements
– Unmanaged
– Unpredictable
• Real-time requirements
• Unreliable communication
Lero© 2012

20. Thank you
Lero© 2012