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2.  Thistheory emphasize changes
in behavior that result from
stimulus –response associations
made by the learner.

3. There are some basic theories of language
acquisition:
1. Behaviorist theory
For the acquisition of native
2. Mentalist theory language
3. Rationalist (cognitive T)
4. Empiricist theory ( audiolingualism T) For the
acquisition
5. Cognitive-code theory foreign language

4.  The five basic of the theory above are
complementary each other, because they serve
different types of learner of various cases of
language learning.
 The first and the second language learning are not
identical process.
 Though second language learning are strongly tied
(terikat) up with first language acquisition.
 Native language growth gives the way for foreign
language growth.

5.  Behaviorist theory (founded by J.B. Watson) is a theory
of native language learning, as reaction to traditional
grammar.
 The major principle of the behaviorist theory rests on
the analyzes of human behavior in observable
stimulus-response interaction and the association
between them.
a. Example; The babies’ obtain native language through
babbling
b. his babblings and mutterings ,is rewarded. reinforces
further articulation
c. His babbling goes on imitating sounds, group of sounds,
and as he grows up be combine the sentences
d. By the age of five or six, babblings and mutterings grow
into socialized speech.

6. There are five principles of behaviorism :
1. Behaviorist theory dwells on spoken language. Language is
primarily what is spoken and secondarily what is written.
That is why spoken language must have a priority in
language teaching.
2. Behaviorist theory is the habit formation theory of language
teaching and learning through learning of structural
grammar.
3. The stimulus-respond chain is a pure case of conditioning.
4. All learning is the establishment of habits as the result of
reinforcement and reward. Positive reinforcement is
reward and negative reinforcement is punishment.
Punishment is effective in quickly eliminating undesirable
behaviors
5. The learning can be the same for each individual. In other
words, each person can learn equally if the conditions are
the same for each person.

7. Beside reinforcement, there are also another
development behavior. They are :
1. Shaping
Is the process of gradually changing the quality of a
response. There are 5 steps in improving behavior to
the learners :
A. Be punctual
B. Be active in learning and give response to the
teacher
C. Get good score
D. Do the homework
E. Improvement
2. Modeling
In modeling, a learner only observe the teacher as a
model.

8. BEHAVIOURIST THEORY COUNTER ARGUMENTS
1. Basic strategies: 1. Basic strategies:
• Imitation • Imitation,
(i) children’s imitation of structures show
no innovation,
(ii) children vary in the amount that they
• Reinforcement and imitate.
rewarding
• Reinforcement and rewarding,
in fact, the parents correct (only) the
simple structures not the complex ones.
Hebert H. Clark and Eve V. Clark, (1977; 336)
stated “Unfortunately this view of learning
receives little support from the available
evidence”

9. BEHAVIOURIST THEORY COUNTER ARGUMENTS
2. Process of learning 2. Process of learning
relies on • This process encourages the learner to
• Generalization construct phrases, clauses, and sentence
• Rewarding which was set of rules and drills, this
• Conditioning obstruct or block the instinctive of
production of language.
which support the
development of • Habit formation exercises may not
analogical learning in naturally promote intrinsically-oriented
children. language learning.

10. BEHAVIOURIST THEORY COUNTER ARGUMENTS
3. This Process of 3. Process of learning
language learning • There is threshold ambang batas level in
a. repetition language learning.
b. drilling
• Before obtaining threshold level
language learner is not creative, cannot
use the language properly in new
situation in a real sense.
• It is that the intrinsic learning will be
delayed due to the late acquisition of
threshold level caused by previous
settled set of rules and drills.

11. BEHAVIOURIST THEORY COUNTER ARGUMENTS
4. Each individual will 4. It is impossible for learning to be the same
learn language similarly for each individual. Because each person
cannot learn equally well in the same
conditions where learning takes place for
their different background and experiences.
• According to Chomsky, there must be
some innate (or instinctive) capacities
which human being posses that
predispose (influence) them to look for
basic patterns in language.

12. BEHAVIOURIST THEORY COUNTER ARGUMENTS
5. It is suitable for 5. The strategies of behaviorist theory can only
teaching structural be true for the early stages of learning which
grammar . take place when the kids are in infancy and
in early childhood periods.
• Moreover, this theory is fruitful
(successful) for the most part on animal
experimentation and learning.

13. BEHAVIOURIST THEORY COUNTER ARGUMENTS
6. Behaviorists believes 6. Many of the learning process are mostly too
that learning is the complex, and for this reason there are
result of stimulus and intervening campurtangan variables, which
response. cannot be observed between stimulus and
response.
• “That’s why language acquisition can not
take place through habit formation,
since language learners are thrown
between stimulus and response chain,
for language is too far complicated to be
learned in such a matter, especially given
the brief time available”.