The document summarizes key facts about the dynamic Earth. It describes the different layers of the Earth including the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is divided into continental and oceanic crust of varying thicknesses. The mantle makes up most of the Earth's mass and is divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mesosphere layers. The core is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core. The document also briefly outlines the Earth's rotation, revolution around the sun, and reasons for the seasons.

1. The Dynamic Earth

4. Layers inside the Earth

6. Layers inside the Earth Mantle: Zone of rock nearly 2,900km thick Makes up almost 67% of Earth’s mass Layers of the Mantle: Lithosphere: uppermost part of the mantle and the crust above it; cool and brittle. The boundary between the crust and mantle is referred to as the MOHO Asthenosphere: solid rock with the ability to flow due to heat and pressure (plasticity) Mesosphere: increasingly dense and solid rock layer (aka “Lower Mantle”)

7. Layers inside the Earth Core: Center of the earth made up mostly of iron Outer core: dense liquid layer about 2,250km thick Inner core: dense solid layer about 1,228km thick Together the inner and outer core make up about 33.3 % of Earth’s mass

9. P and S Waves Liquids and Solids How Do We Know? Seismic Wave Studies We will talk more about seismic waves when we study Earthquakes!

11. The Earth As A Magnet

12. The Earth’s Gravity Sir Isaac Newton’s Law of Gravitation: The force of attraction between two objects depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them. Weight: A measure of the strength of the pull of gravity on an object Weight and Mass are NOT the same…. EUREKA !

14. The Earth is not perfectly round it is slightly wider around the Equator So… a person standing at the Equator is farther from the center of the Earth than a person standing at the North Pole. The person at the Equator will weigh less because he is farther from the center of the Earth.

15. The Movements of the Earth How fast is the Earth spinning? 0.5 km/sec Called: ROTATION Time it takes for Earth to ROTATE once on it’s axis: 24 hours How fast is the Earth revolving around the Sun? 30 km/sec Called: REVOLUTION Time it takes for Earth to REVOLVE once around the sun: 365.24 days (1 year) How far is the Earth from the sun when it is CLOSEST TO IT? 147,100,000km Called: Perihelion How far is the Earth from the sun when it is FARTHEST FROM IT? 152,600,000km Called: Aphelion

17. The Earth is tilted on it’s axis

18. The Reasons for the Seasons