3d printing

1. 3-D Printing
[Non-toxic biocompatible medical
implants]

2. INTRODUCTION
• 3D printing is a form of additive
manufacturing technology where a
three dimensional object is created by
laying down successive layers of
material. It is also known as rapid
prototyping.
• 3D Printers are machines that
produce physical 3D models from
digital data by printing layer by layer.
It can make physical models of
objects either designed with a CAD
program or scanned with a 3D
Scanner. It is used in a variety of
industries including jewellery,
footwear, industrial design,
architecture, engineering and
construction, automotive, aerospace,
dental and medical industries,
education and consumer products.

3. 3-D Printing in biocompatible
medical implants
• Two-photon polymerization is a 3-D
printing technique for making small-
scale solid structures from many types
of photoreactive liquid precursors.
• A naturally-occurring compound
called riboflavin, which is better
known as vitamin B2, has made it
possible to 3D-print non-toxic
medical implants,

4. Mechanism [3-D printing from
vitamin B-2]
• Riboflavin(bio-ink for 3d
printing) is used as a photo
initiator which is a chemical in
a 3D printer that is activated
by light (usually from a laser),
and breaks down into other
chemicals that allow the 3D
printing ink to polymerize and
solidify.
• With a titanium-sapphire laser
as a light source, the
researchers created 3D,
honeycomb like scaffolds, and
then lined the scaffolds with
cells from a cow's aorta.

5. 3-D printing the programmer’s
angle
• In 3d printers input is
given through a 3d
scanner or a CAD
program
• The model information
is then transferred to the
printer , the printer then
deposits various
materials layer by layer
to build a 3d object.

6. 3D Modeling Software
 Openscad is a parametric CAD
(Computer Aided Design) program
that allows you to create 3D models
based on lines of code with
parameters. It works similar to a
programming language and its
advantage over standard CAD
programs is that it’s really easy to
change dimesions (parameters) on the
model. All of the plastic parts on
Plastibot-Mendel were designed on
OpenScad. This software is more
oriented to the Engineer than to the
artist and is great to make mechanical
parts.
Some other softwares are:
 Art of Illusion
 Blender
• Some of the small scale softwares are
written in python or java for cross
platform compatibility.
• Makerbot has also developed a
refined engine that converts a 3D
object into g-code called Miracle-
Grue which is C++ based.

7. Mathematical component
• Fubini’s Theorem
• An object of n dimensions can be represented
as a spectrum of layers of shapes of n+1
dimension layers.
• Another approach to designing a tissue is
based on mathematical modelling using a set
of theoretical principles rules or laws related
to spatial organisation.

8. Mechanical component
• Parts of 3d printer:
• Print head and print base
• Bionik , extracellular
matrix arranged in which
cells are arranged in
particular manner layer
by layer.
• Extracellular matrix
should have same viscous
properties as embryonic
tissue

9. REFERENCES
• Gaurav Tyagi, Technical Director/DIO, NIC-
Muzaffarnagar, UP
• Dr. Roger Narayan , North Carolina State
University
• Alexander K , North Carolina State University

10. S